1006G[Redemption]备考贴 by snowsguoguo

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周一选作题 A23

TOPIC: ARGUMENT23 - A recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years. Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families, and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about eating healthily. Therefore, a new Bay City restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable.
WORDS: 666
TIME: 00:46:26
DATE: 2010/2/8 13:41:50

提纲：
[E1.1]
A recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years.
[E1.2]
Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood.
[E2.1]
The majority of families in Bay City are two-income families.
[E2.2]
A nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago.
[E2.3]
these families concern about eating healthily.
[C.1]
a new Bay City restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular.
[C.2]
and profitable.

[E1] => [C]
1.基数模糊 可能本身消耗就不大 增加30%后还是不大 2.海鲜难以储存成本高 3.海鲜过敏 所以难以推广
[E2] => [C]
1.范围错误 全国不合适地区情况 2.如果外出用餐人数不够 人越少餐厅运营成本per dish越高 3即使比10年前在家吃的少 无基数不可比较
[E2.3] =>[C]
1.有些海鲜高脂肪高胆固醇 不健康 2.很多小孩不喜欢吃鱼 3.海鲜食品不适合单独供应 可能其他家人喜欢吃其他食物而不是一家人都吃海鲜 4.海鲜成本高 家庭支付不起


In this argument, author suggests that a new restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable in Bay City by giving evidence as a recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years, by which without a ratio of seafood consumption to all kinds of food consumption, we could not simply tell that people in Bay City prefer seafood to other kinds of food. The article also mentioned that there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialized in seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families which eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago and concern about eating healthily as a nationwide study has showed. At first glance, the argument might be appealing, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.

First of all, as the recent sales study has showed, the seafood consumption has increased by 30 percent over the past five years, which did not given some data as the populations variety or total food consumption variety. Without such evidence, author could not simply tell whether people prefer to seafood more than five years before, and in that case, a restaurant specializing in seafood will not be quite popular. Otherwise, seafood are not like other food because of its easily to become not fresh and hard to store and needs more cooking skill to make it delicious. Also, it is not suitable for everyone because as we all know that a lot of people are allergic to it. There are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood also remind of us that it is hard to operate a seafood restaurant rather than other kind of restaurants. In that case, a new restaurant specializing in seafood might not be as profitable as author's concern.

A nationwide study has shown that two-income families which are the majority in Bay City eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago. By this piece of evidence, we could not simply infer that the majority of families in Bay City eat a lot in restaurant, without given the frequency of meals of these families. They could be eat outside home once a year one decade before, so that for now, the frequency increased to five times a year which is still too less for restaurant to gain enough profits. Since cook one dish costs almost same labor, tools, and kitchen room as cook five piece of same dishes, we could simply know that the more costumers in a restaurant, the less cost of each same meal will be. Without enough costumers to support the restaurant, it is hard to make some profit. Moreover, author failed to notice that a nationwide study might not be suitable for this city, people in which probably still prefer to eat at home. Without further study about the actually eating habits of people in Bay City, we could not simply decide whether a restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable.

Otherwise, for eating healthy, seafood is not very qualified. Some seafood have a high lever of cholesterol and fat which is bad for healthy. As far as I'm concerned, some children don't like to eat fish either. As for a seafood restaurant, unless it gives some dishes like veal or vegetable dishes instead of all kinds of dishes is made up of seafood, it is hard to be popular. Moreover, seafood is more expansive than other kinds of food, for a two-income family which apparently needs more money to afford their family, it might not be affordable.

To sum up, the author has overlooked many respects of eating habits of people in Bay City. If a new Bay City restaurant needs to be popular and profitable, it might need some further research of the local situation and management so that they could chose the right specialized food.

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第8次作业 A169



169.The following appeared in a letter from a department chairperson to
the president of Pierce University.

"[E1]Some studies conducted by Bronston College, which is also located in a
small town, reveal that both male and female professors are happier living
in small towns when their spouses are also employed in the same geographic
area. Therefore, [E2] in the interest of attracting the most gifted teachers
and researchers to our faculty and improving the morale of our entire
staff, we at Pierce University should offer employment to the spouse of
each new faculty member we hire.[C] Although we cannot expect all offers to
be accepted or to be viewed as an ideal job offer, the money invested in
this effort will clearly be well spent because, if their spouses have a
chance of employment, new professors will be more likely to accept our
offers."

对于同样位于小城市的Bronston学院所作的一些研究发现，不论男性或女性教授，当他们的配偶在相同的城市有工作时，就更乐于在这些小城市生活。因此，为了吸引最有天分的教师和研究人员加入我们的员工队伍并提高我们员工的士气，我们Pierce大学应该为每一个我们所雇佣的新员工的配偶提供就业机会。尽管我们并不期望所有就业机会都会被接受或被看作是理想的工作，我们在这项努力上的投入显然是值得的，因为如果新教授的配偶有就业机会，他们将更乐于在我们学校就职。


WORDS: 416
TIME: 00:32:41
DATE: 2010/2/9 17:38:21

In this argument, the author suggested that the university should offer jobs to the spouse of each new faculty member they hire, and considered that if their spouses have a chance of employment, new professors will be more likely to accept their offers.

The argument also mentioned that some reports conducted by Bronston College located in a small town as well, reveal that both male and female professors are happier living in small towns when their spouses are also employed in the same geographic area, which is not the same town as where Pierve University in so that couples here might not like couples in that small town who like to work in the same geographic area. Also, working together in the same area is not as the same of working in the same university, employment in which is limited and not suitable for everyone. The work place of each couple should not be too close to each other, by which will distract their concentration during working hours. For this reason, a lot of people would not be able to accept these offers from Pierce University, and investment of that will be quite a waste.

Otherwise, hire more gifted teacher and researchers is not the only way to improve the morale of the entire staff of Pierce University. Other respects in the university need investment either, such as experiment equipment or researching spending, money spent in which will be better spent than invested in offer employment to the spouse of new faculty member. Assuming that couples working in the same campus will make them happier, it is still more efficient to offer the unemployed spouse of each old faculty instead of hire new professors.

Additionally, whether work together with one's husband or wife is not the main reason for a professional to choose a job. Even if the president of this university offer jobs to every spouse of each professor, those professors might still not like those jobs. We could not deny that sometimes working together sometimes will make couples feel uncomfortable. If the president of this university wants to hire more gifted teachers and researchers, they should do some survey about their order, and try to equip this university with those factors.

To sum up, the suggestion of this department chairperson lacks of practicability. The author has overlooked many respects of facts. To strengthen the measure to improve the morale of the staff, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above and more suitable advice for solving the problem.

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占楼

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第8次作业 I136



TOPIC: ISSUE136 - "The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."
WORDS: 461
TIME: 00:48:12
DATE: 2010/2/9 21:06:29

1.
选择决定命运 选择象征着自由 因为人权所以没有选择的情况少之又少
2.
有时自己不选择自己的命运就会有别人替你来选择 之所以会遇到没有选择的情况是因为当自己有选择时没有把握
3.
当然选择的自由不能妨碍到他人和违法 和谐社会


The author concludes that a circumstance with no choice to make is very, very rare. Some people disagree with this claim, sometimes people complain about that they are forced to do something and have no other choice. But if we pay attention to observe how these situations have become, it is not too hard to know what the decisions they made are which hidden behind the facts.

Life is full of choice, or may I say, made up of it. During different decisions, infants become quite different adults. Good eating habits make people healthy, the will of success make people work hard, every step of one's life decides what he or she will become. As we all say, human have free will, therefore we have rights to make choice for ourselves. Everyone is born with the right of freedom, which is represented by a lot of choices during one's life. If one run into a circumstance without a single choice for he or she, that one must have done something wrong, which means he or she has made a bad choice before that. As we can see, the absence of choice is a circumstance is truly rare.

As sometimes people may ask that why we are as hard work as someone else but we never got a promotion, we always have no chance. That's because sometimes if you don't make your own decision, someone else will make it for you, by which I mean force you to do something you wouldn't like to do and you could not resist it. Successful people always aware of chances and grab them tightly, that's the reason of their success. To avoid the bad situation which happens to be choice for them, people should always pay attention to the clue to their future, and be responsible for their behaviors. One with good luck all the time must be a person cares about his or her life, and someone always have bad luck is a careless person without pay a lot attention to their circumstance. It is not hard to avoid the circumstance with absence of choice, because it will be really rare if you are willing to chase the good things and use your human rights.

Thought we have right to make choice, those choice should not do harm to someone else or do something against the law. By remaining others' rights to make choice, one should limit his desire and to concern about others for the harmony of society.

Since human have freedom to think for themselves, decide their future and chase the happiness for themselves, one should always aware of their rights to make choice so that
it is not hard to affirm the absence of choice is a very, very rare circumstance.

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第8次作业选作 A56



TOPIC: ARGUMENT56 - Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures made on Kali Island but have long wondered how the Kalinese artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic precision. Since archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now conclude that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style: molds could only be used for life-size sculptures. It also explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found. In light of this development, collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value.
WORDS: 484
TIME: 00:37:01
DATE: 2010/2/9 21:06:29

In this argument, the author suggest that life-size statues is about to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value, because archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, by which author inferred that the ancient Kaliness artists used molds of actual bodies instead of sculpture it. Though there is not any evidence that those Kaliness miniature statues are related with this piece of evidence. Close scrutiny of the article reveal that the evidence served to support the proposal raised by the author is dubious and unreliable.

The recent discovery of archeologists showed some molds of human heads and hands on Kali, where is a place famous for its ancient life-size clay statues of human figures with realistic precision. Since it was found in the same geographic area, author considered that those molds are for making life-size clay statues. It did not mention in this article whether those molds matches these clay statues, and without those facts, author draw the conclusion too hastily and unreliably. Even assuming that those statues are made by those tools, it is not reasonable to think the life-size sculptures to decrease in value. It is more possible that because of the discovery of molds, people begin to pay a lot attention to those clay statues and become fond of it. In that case, the value of those life-size clay statues will increase with no doubt.

Since there is not any evidence about the relationship of life-size sculptures and the miniatures, we could not expect whether the miniatures will increase in value either. The reason of Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style is possibly that miniature is made by another group of people lived in Kali or made in some other ages. Different times have people different taste of arts so that we could not use unrelated evidence to explain another fact. We could not use that to expect the value of it as well.

Why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found may have another reason which people did not find out for now. It is possible that those statues is made by a family which holds it for a long time from one generation to another, so that it only needs a few tools to made it year by year. As time goes by, a lot of statues have been made by those people and finally found by archeologists or someone else, but the techniques fail to survive. If that is what really happened, those molds will not affect the value of life-size statues and the suspect of its devaluation is not corrected.

To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility and the prediction is not reasonable. The author has overlooked many respects of facts and made some conclusion too hastily. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above and make a more perspective conclusion.

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2/11作业改动

第1天 I43

TOPIC: ISSUE43 - "To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."
WORDS: 447
TIME: 00:41:02
DATE: 2010/2/11 19:40:53

道德的重要

伦理的重要

虽然重要但是不等于不允许犯小错误


As a public official, one must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards if he or she want to be an effective leader. Without great morality, a leader would easily abuse power and corrupt. It is more possibly for a leader to fail if he or she doesn’t obey the political morality.

A great political leader should always concerns about the interests of citizens and serve people, for which one should equipped with highest moral qualities. Without these qualities, it is hard to limit one's desire and consequently do something harmful to others. For example, the water gate scandal of Nixon which ultimately makes him quite his job before his term was due. As a leader of a company, if he or she overlooked the interests of employees', it is hard to run the company well.

Second, ethical standards are important for leadership as well. Although every individual have rights of privacy, people often like to pay attention to those famous people. As we all admitted that it is the right thing to be faithful to one's spouse, and the person without loyalty are less easily to gain people's trust. Leadership needs people's support and trust, but whether those people continue to support him or her if they find out he or she is an irresponsible and promiscuous person. It will be a bad influence for children and young adults, and no doubt decrease the support rate of this leader. For the best of a leader, he or she should keep the highest ethical standards and be responsible for his or her behavior.

But after all, no body is perfect. Some forgivable flaws won't destroy a great leader. If the leader admits his or her mistake and make apologize, most people won't be too cruel to continue deny him or her. However, which doesn't mean to be an effective leader is allowed to make mistakes. A political leader should try his or her best to fit the highest ethical and moral standards for the best. However, as a leader of a company, those standards of ethical and moral are not as important as to be a political leader. But it is a good quality for every person to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

To sum up, an effective political leader should always aware of his behavior and make sure everything he or she did won't let his or her people fell disappoint. As an effective business leader, one should not only chase profit but also cares about his or her employees' interests, but as long as it is possible, one should also try his or her best to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

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第1天 A35



TOPIC: ARGUMENT35 - The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.

"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."

提纲：
水杨酸酯和阿司匹林同族不等于和阿司匹林有相同效果

研究时间和商业使用相同不等于有相关性

可以用作香料但不代表就一定会被使用


WORDS: 448
TIME: 00:36:40
DATE: 2010/2/11 19:40:53

In this argument, author expect that a continued steady decline in the number of headaches will happen because food-processing companies have found that salicylates can be used as flavor additives for foods, which has been adding to foods as preservatives. Those evidence did not completely proof that the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia will certainly decline.

First of all, the article has mentioned that salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin which is a medicine used to treat headaches. From this information, we could only know that the chemical structure of salicylates is alike aspirin. Without detailed information about the medical effects of salicylates, we could not infer whether it is capable of treat headaches.

Author also informed that for the past several decades food-processing companies have been adding salicylates, which is naturally rich in many foods, to foods as preservatives. And this rise in the commercial use of salicylates happen to be at the same period with another study which reported that in last twenty-year the average number of headaches has been declined steadily. Those two events was happened in the same period, which seems like related, but without further study of the exact relationship between the salicylates in foods and headaches, author drew a conclusion too hastily and which lacks of credibility. Moreover, a lot of facts are related with headaches such as the humidity of air which will curse some people headache is too high or disease like cold and flu, which attribute to the rapid development of medicine, people no longer feels headaches when they caught a cold and take some newly developed pills like Tylenol. Additionally, the average number of headaches declined does not mean that the ratio of headaches to populations is declined. In that case, there might be more people have headaches at present than in the past. Without counting all these possibilities, author cannot infer the conclusion corrected.

Otherwise, the author consider that salicylates will soon been used as flavor additives for foods. But even recent study has showed that salicylates is available to be used as flavor additives for foods does not mean that they actually added it into foods. If food companies don't like its flavor and no products is contain of it, the report will not be useful. Without ensure whether they added it or not, the author could not make a conclusion like that.

To sum up, the expectation of this article lacks of credibility, and the author overlooked or chose to ignore some respects of the facts. Without further reports and detail information are given, we could not make any reasonable expectation like that of this event.

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