Issue207 by charles

charlesAFAUID: 2750393

题目：ISSUE207 - "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."


The author asserts that rituals and ceremonies help define a culture, and societies or groups of people will lost themselves if without these ceremonies. From my perspective, the rituals and ceremonies indeed help express the culture, but it is not the only one which can indicate a culture of a society. What make people remember who they are is the spirits, but not the superfical rituals and ceremonies. Moreover, if without them, people may not have a diminished sense of who they are.

In the first place, I will stand by the author insofar as that rituals and ceremonies may help express culture of a society to some degree. Examples are not very far to seek for, Christmas in America indicates people's belief to Christ; Spring Festival in China shows the ceremony for a year's hard work and having a better wish to next year. Two different festivals explain two different cultures. We can see, judging from some rituals and ceremonies, people can improve the nation consciousness.

While sometimes, the absence of some rituals and ceremonies may not cause people's feeling of diminishing. Otherwise, since certain rituals and ceremonies are unfair and too strict, if they can be eliminated, it can benefit the society. For instance, a ridiculous ritual that women should have small feet which is viewed as a kind of beauty requires women must pack their feet in a very young age in the feudal society of China. It is harmful for girls to grow up. That is, society may develop better by ruling out such rituals.

Further more, since the ceremonies and rituals are only the surface of a culture, we should emphasis more on the inner culture they have implied. There is no denying many festivals inherit culture merits along with the form of ceremonies. Take Thanksgiving Day for example, it is consist of two word--"thanks" and "giving"--which indicates Americans' ideas that thanks for the harvest and giving help to people who are in need.
Another example of Qingming Day in China, it is a festival for the survivals to remember the death in family which indicates people's hopes to see their deep-loved person who is dead again. The Qingming Day includes a Chinese culture about wishing live together with their families as long as they can. Maybe one day, the festival will be somehow lost, but we should not forget the inner ideas and values behind these ceremonies and rituals.

Nevertheless, although these ceremonies and rituals play an important role on expressing culture of a society, it is also important, or not more important to note that the rituals and ceremonies are not the only to represent culture of a society. We can also tell the ideas and values of a society from people's dress and action. For examples, Arabia's women use headcloth to show their devoutness to the god. Japanese always walk fast on street, which reveals a busy and efficiency-oriented attitude towards life. By these dress and action, Arabia women shows their respect and Japanese indicate their diligence in a society. These examples well illustrate my point that other things such as people's action and dress also can help indicate culture of society.

These rituals and ceremonies do indicate some merits of culture, however, they are not the only one. What we should remember in heart is not the form of rituals and ceremonies, but the culture which contains inner ideas and values of a society. After all, a culture which is inherited a history with thousands of years cannot be eliminated easily. Further more, without such ceremonies and rituals, we may not get lost ourselves.



首先 同意论者观点 CR可以帮助定义文化 增强民族意识
然而 有时候 有些CR不合理 可以废除 因为他们只能让我们看到曾经的落后
并且 其实人们所关注的是inner instead of the surface of these CR
（以上两段攻击原因）
而且 就算有些CR可以定义文化 但他们不是the only one

（这段攻击逻辑词）

charlesAFAUID: 2750393

感谢hugesea的细致批改，我又从改了一遍，很多几乎是从写了，但列出了详细分析和提纲。
题目：ISSUE207 - "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
因果型
关键词ABC 查了词典
A="Rituals and ceremonies

Ceremony

A formal act or set of acts performed as prescribed by ritual or custom:

典礼：按礼仪或习俗而举行的正式行为或一系列举动：

Ritual

A ceremonial act or a series of such acts.

正式的仪式：仪式举行的活动或一系列此类活动

Function
Preserve culture identity
make to present a kind of spirit

B= culture

The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.

人类文化：通过社会传导的行为方式、艺术、信仰、风俗以及人类工作和思想的所有其它产物的整体

C= a diminished sense of who they are

Celebration of life
Birth \initiation \puberty \social adulthood \graduation \marriage \retirement \death \burial

1A
有助于 B （A是B的一种元素，B是A的集合）
2没有A，则C（我认为这一条是因果关系）
2的前提是
没有A-> 没有B
没有B-> C


依据上面对题目的理解
做了如下提纲：
我的观点：同意1A
有助于 B，对于2没有A，则C需要进一步讨论
1、 A 确实有助于B (A的定义上，A的功能上)
2、
如果A与C有关联且恰好与条件1有关，那么没有A，则C
3、
如果A与C无题中所述的因果联系，那么要清楚其它的D也可以推出C。
最终结论：重点要看怎么理解C，才能给出答复



According to the author, grounding on the fact that ceremony and ritual can help to define the culture, he concludes that people will have a diminished sense of who they are without ceremony and ritual. From my perspective, I foundamentallyfundamentally agree that ritual and ceremony indeed can help to define the culture. However, under different understanding about the sense of who they are, it will turn out to different answers to the question about author’s second point.

In the first place, I will stand by the speaker’s statement insofar as that rituals and ceremonies indeed help to define culture. From the definition of culture, we can see all products of human though and work is culture. Since ceremonies and rituals is a kind of human behavior patterns or customers, there is no denying that ceremony and ritual belong to the culture. Therefore, they will certainly help to define a culture as a part of culture. Furthermore, we should not forget the function of ritual and ceremony. They are born to preserve the culture identity. Some rituals are made to remind people of the life period such as the celebration of birth, intuition, social adulthood, graduation, retirement, death and the like. Some ceremonies are used to make clear about different class in society, for example, inauguration. That is why ceremony and ritual can help to define culture.

While it is important to note the significance of the ceremony and ritual about defining culture, it is also important or not more important to heed that what is the sense of who they are. It probably indicates the position in social class and the life period of human. If so, the function of ritual and ceremony mentioned above can well illustrate my point. Without them, people may get lost in their way in social position and life period. If not, the sense of who they are may be explained from other aspect, I will discuss as follows.

Since things other than ritual and ceremony exist for consisting of culture and they may have different functions, it might be the case that people would not get lost.
The dress and life-style can also help to define a kind of culture. For examples, Arabia's women use head cloth to show their devoutness to the Allah. Japanese always walk fast on street, which reveals a busy and efficiency-oriented attitude towards life. By these dress and manner, Arabia women show the culture of Muslim and Japanese indicate a culture of diligence in a society. These examples well illustrate my point that other things such as people's action and life style also can help to define culture of society.

Consequently, due to the analysis and reason discussed above, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus more persuasive than any one of them, we can safely to arrive at the conclusion that the key to discuss this issue is to make clear about the definition of the sense of who they are. With different understand, the answer about the question whether people will have a diminished sense of who they are without ceremony and ritual is different.