【clover】AW intro 阅读感想 by 黑竹

黑竹UID: 2753377

首先从Test-Taking Strategies for the Analytical Writing Section开始

strategies:

1、Allow sufficient time to choose one of the two topics
2、Think about the issue you choose
3、Plan a response
4、compose essay
5、Check obvious errors
上面1、2、3三条：
只要不是陌生的题目，应该不用花时间在考场上想这些问题，
这一点平时写提纲就可以搞定了，
前提是多写提纲，至少高频前100吧
看来写提纲是很重要地啊，
对于argument，题库全部都要熟悉，
每一篇argument题目都要知道逻辑错误在哪里
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接下来，看如何评分：How the Analytical Writing Section is Scored


Holistic scoring means that each response is judged as a whole: readers do not separate the response into component parts and award a certain number
of points for a particular criterion or element such as ideas, organization, sentence structure, or language. Instead, readers assign scores based on the overall quality of the response, considering all of its characteristics in an integrated way. Excellent organization or poor organization, for example, will be part of the readers' overall impression of the response and will therefore contribute to the score, but organization, as a distinct feature, has no specific weight.

评分是一个整体，考察考生的writing and  critical thinking skills.

先发这些总结，后面的部分慢慢再写

黑竹UID: 2753377

接下来是Present Your Perspective on an Issue Task


Be sure to read the claim carefully and think about it from several points of view,
considering the complexity of ideas associated with those perspectives.
Then, make notes about the position you want to develop and list the main reasons and examples that you could use to support that position.

我觉得列提纲时应该注意上面这段话种提到的几点：
1、read the claim carefully,
think about it from several points of view,
and consider the complexity of the ideas
2、make note the position you want to develop
3、list the main reasons and examples that surport your position
============================


The Issue task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim. Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish. For example, you might ：
• agree absolutely with the claim, disagree completely, or agree with some parts and not others
• question the assumptions the statement seems to be making
• qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to
developing your perspective on the issue
• point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others
• evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective
• develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example
写作中论述中心话题，同时可以自由使用上述的几种方法论述


下面这句话比较经典：

The GRE readers scoring your response are not looking for a "right" answer—in fact, there is no correct position to take. Instead, the readers are evaluating the skill with which you articulate and develop an argument to support your position on the issue.

没有正确的答案，阅卷者评价的重点是，
关于这个issue，你的表达和论证支持你的position的skill
一方面涉及到思维的问题，思维是否符合逻辑
另一方面就是语言表达是否准确、严密，
Both are important in developing an persuasive argument on the issue。

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黑竹UID: 2753377

Understanding the Context for Writing: Purpose and Audience

The Issue task is an exercise in critical thinking and persuasive writing. The purpose of this task is to
determine how well you can develop a compelling argument supporting your own perspective on an issue
and to effectively communicate that argument in writing to an academic audience. Your audience consists
of college and university faculty who are trained as GRE readers to apply the scoring criteria identified in
the scoring guide for “Present Your Perspective on an Issue" (see page 27).

To get a clearer idea of how GRE readers apply the Issue scoring criteria to actual responses, you should
review scored sample Issue essay responses and readers' commentaries. The sample responses, particularly
at the 5 and 6 score levels, will show you a variety of successful strategies for organizing, developing, and
communicating a persuasive argument. The readers' commentaries discuss specific aspects of analysis and
writing, such as the use of examples, development and support, organization, language fluency, and word
choice. For each response, the commentary points out aspects that are particularly persuasive as well as
any that detract from the overall effectiveness of the essay.

要能够写出有说服力，能支持自己观点的文章

Preparing for the Issue Task

provide financial support
support your position
given limited governmental funds
under certain conditions
developing your position

下面是重点

No matter which approach you
take when you practice the Issue task, you should review the task directions, then

• carefully read the claim made in the topic and make sure you understand the issue involved; if it
seems unclear, discuss it with a friend or teacher

确认弄懂了issue involved

• think about the issue in relation to your own ideas and experiences, to events you have read about
or observed, and to people you have known; this is the knowledge base from which you will
develop compelling reasons and examples in your argument that reinforce, negate, or qualify the
claim in some way

思考和issue有关的你自己的想法、经历、你知道的事件，这些是你分析、写作的基础

• decide what position on the issue you want to take and defend—remember you are free to agree or
disagree completely or to agree with some parts or some applications but not others

决定你自己的立场、观点

• decide what compelling evidence (reasons and examples) you can use to support your position

决定使用什么有说服力的事实证据、道理、事例来支持你的立场

下面问题可以提供写作思路
Therefore, you might find it
helpful to explore the complexity of a claim in one of the topics by asking yourself the following questions:
• What, precisely, is the central issue?
• Do I agree with all or with any part of the claim? Why or why not?
• Does the claim make certain assumptions? If so, are they reasonable?
• Is the claim valid only under certain conditions? If so, what are they?
• Do I need to explain how I interpret certain terms or concepts used in the claim?
• If I take a certain position on the issue, what reasons support my position?
• What examples—either real or hypothetical—could I use to illustrate those reasons and advance
my point of view? Which examples are most compelling?

思考下面的问题，使自己的论证更有说服力
Once you have decided on a position to defend, consider the perspective of others who might not agree
with your position. Ask yourself:
• What reasons might someone use to refute or undermine my position?
• How should I acknowledge or defend against those views in my essay?

下面说了写提纲是有用的
To plan your response, you might want to summarize your position and make brief notes about how you
will support the position you're going to take. When you've done this, look over your notes and decide how
you will organize your response. Then write a response developing your position on the issue. Even if you
don't write a full response, you should find it helpful to practice with a few of the Issue topics and to sketch
out your possible responses. After you have practiced with some of the topics, try writing responses to
some of the topics within the 45-minute time limit so that you have a good idea of how to use your time in
the actual test.

下面说作文互改或者找别人反馈是有帮助的
It would probably be helpful to get some feedback on your response from an instructor who teaches critical
thinking or writing or to trade papers on the same topic with other students and discuss one another's
responses in relation to the scoring guide. Try to determine how each paper meets or misses the criteria for
each score point in the guide. Comparing your own response to the scoring guide will help you see how
and where you might need to improve.

issue部分就总结到这里，后面的是argument部分