ISSUE28 事实与背景知识

xiemeng2370UID: 2749773

注：红色：拼写错误
灰色：语法错误
橙色：自己添加
TOPIC: ISSUE28 - "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
WORDS: 522
TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2010-2-12 15:00:06
提纲：
论点：单纯死记硬背是没有效果的，学习背景知识有助于记忆。但我们不能深究次要的局部问题而忽略主要的知识，学生应该学会取舍，有效的学习
主一：死记硬背不会活学活用的知识是没用的

例：法学生只会背不会辩护
主二：背景知识能帮助学生记忆知识

例：母亲教红色，与苹果联系起来教的快,词根词缀记忆快
主三：但有些背景知识复杂且庞大，学生不应该盲目的学习，而忽略其他更有用的知识
What should students study first, the ideas, trends and concepts or only facts? I agree with the speaker's contention insofar that students who have learned only facts have learned very little and have little practical meaning. After all, studying related knowledge could beacon students to apply abstract knowledge in actual operation and help them learn easier and quicker. However, there indeed exist some knowledge that is too complicated to study all their related concepts and actually the so-called background knowledge may not very important to the majority of common students. Thus, they should weight which is more important to study in order to effectively learn knowledge.

Fundamentally, the ideas, trends and concepts could tell students how to do when they confront the similar situation in the real application. The knowledge which can be alleged has learned is judging by whether you could apply it to another area or not, so if students cannot use them in our daily life, albeit they indeed firmly remember, it is no meaning. For instance, if a student memorized all the laws and acts, but cannot associate with the case and even barely know pleading by which law, thus, can he really declare that he has learned all legal knowledge? Obviously he could not. Otherwise, the ideas, trends and concepts virtually help students to understand the knowledge and teach them how to use but not merely memorize. As that student, if he could also learn some classic documentation, he accordingly will automatically associate them with other cases. For that matter, the background knowledge would help us avoid becoming bookworm.

Furthermore, the ideas, trends and concepts which can help explain the facts have effective functions on studying and understanding, especially those abstract facts which far away from our daily life. A primary case could exactly substantiate the standpoint even it may somewhat naive. If a mother want to teach her baby remember the color of red, the effective way is associate the abstract none (noun)
with a concrete matter, such as an apple. Thus, the baby will quickly remember the color, otherwise, the baby may hardly memorize that abstract none (noun) albeit the mother may tell her baby again and again. Also, if we have not yet learned the composition of words, how could we remember a plethora of words without the help of etyma and affix? Obviously, it is too difficult to blindly remember every single word but overlook the relationship between each other. Yet the examples may simple, but the logical notion cannot be overlooked, especially in the academic area where it has so many abstract and complicated facts. Thus, learning the ideas, trends and concepts about those facts virtually could help students to soon remember and thoroughly understand the facts but not merely remember them.

However, in some particular conditions, facts may hardly learn if students intend to research all the knowledge behind them, thus, students need to remember the facts only but not to blindly research and omit other even more important knowledge. After all, students should also notice that some facts actually have an intricate matrix of interdependent knowledge to support them, it is unpractical and unrealistic to deeply study all of them before remember the facts. For instance, if we desire to thoroughly understand the theory of relativity which Einstein almost sacrificed his lifetime to research, we are obligated to learn mathematics, philosophy, psychology and physics. However, generally speaking, the purpose of studying knowledge is to serve our life and teaching basic principles but not make every student to become scholar or scientist. For most of students, the effective measure to learn knowledge is quickly understanding the facts and flexibly applying to our daily life. Thus, a majority of students actually have no need to study the ideas, trends and concepts about those sophisticated facts before they memorize, especially when those related knowledge impossible to be learned fully and globally.

In conclusion, learning the ideas, trends and concepts could help students to explain the facts which they desire to study, and if they only remember the facts but cannot apply to our everyday life, we can conclude that students who have learned only facts have learned very little. However, some facts are too complicated to study their all schools before learning the only facts. Thus, students should not blindly pursue a little knowledge but overlook a myriad of other valued facts.


TOPIC: ARGUMENT204 - The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a farming publication.

"With continuing publicity about the need for healthful diets, and with new research about the harmful effects of eating too much sugar, nationwide demand for sugar will no doubt decline. Therefore, farmers in our state should use the land on which they currently grow sugar cane to grow peanuts, a food that is rich in protein and low in sugar. Farmers in the neighboring country of Palin greatly increased their production of peanuts last year, and their total revenues from that crop were quite high."
WORDS: 467
TIME: 00:30:00
DATE: 2010-2-12 15:00:06
主一：糖的需求不一定下降
1.
调查的权威性
2.
人们的食糖量
3.
全国不代表地方
主二：类比错误
1．
两国情况不同：土壤，气候，水质，农具
2．
P人爱吃花生，我们爱吃糖
3．
P别的产品利润更高，花生算低的了
This letter concludes that farmers in their state should grow peanuts instead of sugar which they currently grow. To support this recommendation, the author cites a new research to demonstrate that nationwide demand for sugar will decline. Moreover, the arguer also point out that their neighboring country greatly increased their production of peanuts last year and their total revenues from that crop were quite high. However, this argument suffers a series of logical problems and critical flaws, and therefore it is wholly unpersuasive.

Fundamentally, the author's assume that nationwide demand for sugar will decline only based on an unwarranted new research. First, the authority of this research is uncharted. Maybe it just reported by a small origination (organization) and barely noticed attention of publics. Thus, how could the demand for sugar will decline? It is wholly unreasonable. Secondly, the research merely said that eating too much sugar will bring some harmful effects. But how could the author assure that publics are really eating too much sugar? If they just eat a little, the nationwide demand for sugar won't be reduced either. Moreover, even though the nationwide demand may reduce, the demand of their state whether will reduce or increase is uncharted. Thus, the author's premise is problematic.

Moreover, the comparison with their neighboring country is also unreasonable and somewhat ridiculous. First, the production of peanuts has greatly increased last year in Palin does not necessarily means that their country will also do. Common sense informs me that the production about crops on the basis of many factors, such as climate, water quality, agricultural equipment and soil quality (texture). Thus, even though they are neighbor, it cannot prove that all the other pivotal conditions which significantly influence the production of peanuts are also same or at least similar. Secondly, even though their neighboring country's total revenues from that crop were quite high, it cannot demonstrate that the revenues will continue high in the future, let alone the revenues in their own country. Perhaps, for instance, (that) citizens in their neighboring country strongly prefer to ear peanuts rather than sugar. Unfortunately, their country's people indeed like sugar but not peanuts. Thus, if few people would like to buy peanuts, how can the total revenues high in their own country? It is totally unreasonable. Moreover, the high revenues of Palin may due to their soar development of economy. On the other hand, it is perhaps that other products in Palin are also sell good and may even bring more interests than peanuts. Thus, the author fails to compare with other products in Palin rendering this evidence has no means to support the argument.

In conclusion, this argument cannot be taken serious as it stands. To better evaluate it, the author needs to prove that the nationwide demand and more importantly, their own state's demand for sugar will decline. Moreover, the author also needs to research the agricultural condition of their own state and the economic markets, but not simply and hastily to bring other country's experience to arbitrarily use to their own state.

AdelineShenUID: 2630498

顶一下，理完东西慢慢看~

yiyang1107UID: 2749844

感觉楼主写很好啊，至少比我好呢，论据比较充足
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p;page=1&extra=
这是我的，希望得到指点