issue 40, issue 184求拍。狠狠地拍！！！

薇薇viviUID: 2722200

40"Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."

提纲：
1、学者在追求个人兴趣十分的重要。
兴趣给研究带来了动力。有些研究的结果是不确定的，如果以贡献为标准的话，很有可能会阻碍他们的发展。个人的兴趣显得尤为重要。(例子为孟德尔)
2. 完全按照研究人员的兴趣会造成极为危险的后果。
3.研究最终的目的都是推动人类社会发展，并且对社会大众负有责任，。
4. 应该学会在个人利益和兴趣爱好之间进行折中。

In response to this issue, we need to analyze the proposition comprehensively and systematically. In a sense I agree the pursuing their individual interests are vital to scholars and researchers. The interests prompt them to go into intensive study. In other words, the use of individual interests is to serve as cartwheel keeping on turning along the path to success.

However, the results of some researches are not certain, especially in scientific researches. If contribution to society is considered as the criteria to evaluate the level of study, the development may be bogged. So in this case, the individual interests seem significant. Mendel, who is hailed as the father of genetics, prompted the foundation of genetics through his study of the inherited traits in pea plants. But the significance of Mendel’s work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th. In his decades, few people can understand his acts with pea plants. Nonetheless, Mendel didn’t surrender his dream with enormous enthusiasm. If Mendel had no interest at all, he would not to carry on experiments with pea plants, and was not likely to stick to his discovery in circumstance of obtaining support from nobody. Therefore, interests are lasting impetus for work.

On one hand, interests can help researchers to study ceaselessly; on the other hand, perhaps most importantly, the speaker seems to fail to take into account the fact that the rationalities of scholars are limited. If work is in progress at mercy of interest of scholars and researchers，unpredictable even perilous results may happen, for instance, human cloning, gene engineering, nuclear weapons. Maybe some researchers have much interested in study of those techniques, but society would not allow those techniques develop. The public may experience moral turmoil and social unrest due to the techniques.

So no matter the researches is performing for the questions of today, or new problems of future, or for making a breakthrough in a certain domain, the destination should always to be prompt development of society. And the experiments should hold responsibility for the public, at least the safety of public should not be threatened by results of the work. In addition, the capitals for research are not boundless. Consequently, the experiments with bad destination are destined to waste money of taxpayers.

So as a scholar should establish the idea of serving public, meanwhile he should realize that all the goals of work are to make society move forward and benefit human beings. Persons, including scholars and researchers, should study how to balance the individual interests and benefits of public.

薇薇viviUID: 2722200

issue 184"It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."

       1、数据对于理论的形成和发展是十分重要的，
   2.但是，这并不意味着数据对于理论形成是必须的，很多的领域的理论根本不是建立在数据的基础之上。

        3、过份强调数据，会阻碍理论的发展。

          （1）有些科学研究必须首先建立在猜想之上，然后通过数据去验证理论的真实性与可行性。
             （2）有些理论形成所需要的数据采集时耗费巨大的人力物力。

Is it a grave mistake to theorize before one has data, as the statement suggests? In response to this issue, we need to analyze the proposition comprehensively and systematically. Admittedly, data bring a profound influence on the formation and development of our new theory. However, I fundamentally disagree with the statement because it overstates the importance of data and assumes that there is an inherent and certain correlation between theory and data.

First and foremost, there is no denying the fact that data is vital to formation and development of theory due to assuring validity. In some extent, the formed theory based on data, is approach to the true nature of the fact. Especially scientific theories, such as in math, or physics，generically require plenty of data, from which we can discover some disciplines to by and large support theory and find out the dissimilarity between theory and experiment, in turn gradually perfect the theory.

Despite the importance of data, nonetheless, I disagree with the advocate that it is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data, in virtue of the factors in two respects.

Firstly, and perhaps most importantly, data is necessity to formation of theory. The speaker seems to fail to take into account the fact that theory has less relation with data in many domains, such as art, philosophy. One example aptly illustrate this point involves that the book “The Art of War”, a Chinese military treatise written during 6th century BC by Sun Tzu, also exerts a huge influence on Eastern military thinking and business tactics to make the commanders and leaders more effective and wise. But as is known to all , there is no link between the great work and data. And it is wise and imperative for speaker to explain that, in some areas, data can play an important part in formation of theory.

Secondly, exorbitantly emphasizing the role of data in formation of theory will be indeed harmful.
Much emphasis to the importance of data, the formation and development of theory would be bogged down. On one hand, some scientific research must build on imagination in the case of no data. With the guideline of the imagination of the theory, experiments would be carried out. Then the data obtained would be used to testify the facility and feasibility of the theory proposed. On the other hand, some data which some theory need may consume too much time and money. In that case, if data is respected too much, we may lose the theory even which may be contribute much to society.

From the analysis made above, I commit to the optimal approach that we need to seek a balance and take an all-sided consideration. Without data, theory may lack sufficient explain in some areas. Too underline data, theory may be hampered even stalled. In a word, this complicated issue the importance of data to theory hinges on concrete facts.