[每日五词]教你使用高级词汇（第八章）

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Perceive

Part of speech:vt
English:
1. To become aware of through the senses; "I could perceive the ship coming over the horizon".
2. Become conscious of; "She finally perceived the futility of her protest".
Chinese:察觉，理解，注意到。（这个词出现在深刻的洞察和思考之后）

Context(This word is utilized to describe):
Knowledge
Physical Sensibility

Example:

1. But whatever flatterers may talk to amuse people's understandings, it hinders not men from feeling; and when they perceive, that any man, in what station soever, is out of the bounds of the civil society which they are of, and that they have no appeal on earth against any harm, they may receive from him, they are apt to think themselves in the state of nature, in respect of him whom they find to be so; and to take care, as soon as they can, to have that safety and security in civil society, for which it was first instituted, and for which only they entered into it.

2. Patients are able to perceive pain and have emotional reactions

3. In Northern Ireland the annual "marching season" poses significant problems for the Government: Local residents in some communities perceive the parades as the celebration of Protestant "triumphs" in historical battles.

4. A large portion of the public perceive such groups as exploiting the vulnerable for monetary gain, recruiting and brainwashing youth, promoting antidemocratic ideologies, and denying the legitimacy of government authority

Curb

Part of speech:vt
English:
1. Lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake" "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger".
2. To put down by force or authority; "suppress a nascent uprising", "stamp down on littering" "conquer one's desires".
3. Keep to the curb; "curb your dogs".
4. Place restrictions on; "curtail drinking in school".
Chinese:克制，抑制

Context(This word is utilized to describe):
Angularity
Dissuasion
Moderation
Prison
Restraint
Slowness

Example:

1. To counteract illegal copying of software products, companies such as Software Publisher Association (SPA) and Software Legal S.A. are working on solutions to curb down piracy.

2. However, in an effort to curb money laundering, the Government prohibited foreign direct investors from obtaining ownership in real estate not connected with other investment activities.

3. Since then, the major aim of the government's fiscal policy has been to curb the growth of debt.

4. To curb surplus production in 2000, the government allowed grain and cotton prices to fall by more than 20 percent, bringing domestic prices closer to international levels.

Domestic

Part of speech:adj
English:
1. Of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation; "domestic issues such as tax rate and highway construction".
2. Of or relating to the home; "domestic servant"; "domestic science".
3. Of or involving the home or family; "domestic worries"; "domestic happiness"; "they share the domestic chores"; "everything sounded very peaceful and domestic"; "an author of blood-and-thunder novels yet quite domestic in his taste".
4. Converted or adapted to domestic use; "domestic animals"; "domesticated plants like maize".
5. Produced in a particular country; "domestic wine"; "domestic oil".
Chinese:国内的，家庭的，家用的，驯养的，土产的

Context(This word is utilized to describe):
Abode
Animal
Husbandry
Inhabitant
Interiority
Seclusion Exclusion
Servant

Example:

1. As conquest may be called a foreign usurpation, so usurpation is a kind of domestic conquest, with this difference, that an usurper can never have right on his side, it being no usurpation, but where one is got into the possession of what another has right to.

2. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

3. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

4. If the dispute between the parties is claimed by one of them, and is found by the Council, to arise out of a matter which by international law is solely within the domestic jurisdiction of that party, the Council shall so report, and shall make no recommendation as to its settlement.

Preliminary

Part of speech:adj
English:1. Designed to orient or acquaint with the a situation before proceeding; "a preliminary investigation".
Chinese:初步的，开端的

Context(This word is utilized to describe):
Precedence
Precursor
Preparation

Example:

1. These preliminary results will need to be confirmed by further study.

2. In July the Government enacted a revised Child Protection Law that mandates the establishment of a child abuse hot line and the dispatch of trained personnel to take preliminary measures for the protection of an abused child.

3. Foreign portfolio investment has been miniscule since 1998, but there are preliminary signs of renewed interest among portfolio investors.

4. In the case of army recruit Lenin Castro Mendoza, who died in September 2000 after an officer beat and kicked him for being intoxicated, the prosecutor's office carried out a preliminary investigation, but the family decided not to file any charges.

Provenance

Part of speech:n
English:1. Where something originated or was nurtured in its early existence; "the birthplace of civilization".
Chinese:源头，起源

Special Usage:

Provenance is a particularly large concern when it comes to works of art; a documented provenance for a piece demonstrates that it is not a forgery; it was indeed made by the artist given credit for it. The history of previous owners demonstrates also that the work was not stolen, and that a seller has good title to convey to a purchaser.

For similar reasons, provenance is important in archaeology and palaeontology. Here, while the concerns about forgery remain, at least for human artifacts, an accurate provenance for a find can reveal data about its date. Finds that remain in situ are always much more informative than those that have been removed by "collectors;" scientists can learn more about their origins from the environment in which a find was located, but the surrounding dirt and dust is seldom of interest to pot-hunters or treasure-seekers.

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