issue43 第一次发帖，恳请大家很拍

wangye200UID: 2651463

题目：ISSUE43 -"To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highestethical and moral standards."

Must an effective leader maintain thehighest ethical and moral standards? Admittedly, ethical and moral standards are essential for a person to be a good leader. However, I tend to disagree with the speaker's opinion since he or she overweight the effect of moral thatan effect leader should equipped.

On one hand, it is commonly accepted thatleader with a high ethical and moral is virtually important to the nation. Itcan ensure the measure and decision which the leader emancipates win for publicadvocate and support. And only in this way can the nation come over the severe difficultyand booming fast. For example, George Washington, the first American presidentwho contributed greatly to the Constitution Convention, create the precedent ofconceding the right. From then on,democracy was deeply rooted in American. Without his retirement, it is verylikely the president today would have much more authority than before, whichmay lead to autocracy eventually. Let us see another example. The Chinese firstpremier Chou En-lai, who was much-loves by whole nation, remained poor but uncorrupted in his lifetime. When he died, there was even no storage in hisbank account. Premier Chou made great contribution to the construction ofnation, and set a good example for people to devote their life for theircountry.

On the other hand, a leader who lack of positiveand active moral standard can cause the chaos or even disaster of society. The Soviet Union leader Stalin, one of the most powerful leadersin the world, once commanded to put a large number of people to death in orderto strengthen his authority, causing millions of people who have to live a miserablelife and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure. American president Nixon used dishonest means to the victory in an election, causing the Water Gate scandal, which engendered dramatic influence in American history. In short, the leaders who lack of moral standard will inevitable bring negativeeffect to the society.

However, it is not necessary for leader toequip the highest ethical and moral standards. Firstly, it is hard to find aconception of "the highest ", let alone treat it as the standard ofan effective leader. As an effective leader, the moral standard he maintainedshould not be the highest, but be a basic one: That is, his political theoryand practice should be accepted by the mass on moral aspect. Secondly, sometimesleaders have to disguise the truth and reason for the profits of public. Forthat matter, white lie is as essential as moral standards. When the country isunder war, inflation and other serious events that threaten national security,the most important things is to unit the whole country together and raise thepublic confidence. If the leader tell the mass the true but miserable situationinstead of giving an exciting address at this crucial moment, it is very likelyto lead to the national threaten and chaos. So overweighting moral standardswill not exert a positive effect on the leader, as well as the nation.

Moreover, moral is not the necessarily the onlyfactor that determined the effect of a leader. The ability of making decisionand dealing with emergency is also an essential quality that a leader has to beequipped. An effective leader should not only take measures to maintaining thenation development and improving the public standard of living when the societyis stable and peaceful, but also protecting people's lives and property whenemergence comes, such as serious inflation and severe nature disasters.

All in all, from the discussion above, wecan safely conclude that the speaker's asserts that an effective leader musthave the lightest moral standard is not totally right. To be a real effectiveleader, one should not only have a commonly accepted moral standard, but also equippedother skill to enhance his ability to solve the complex problem and makeprofits for the majority of people.


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附上提纲：


正 优秀的领导者的确需要有较高的道德水平和伦理。华盛顿保障美国民主。周恩来一生清贫Premier Chou En-lai

正 如果领导者道德败坏，会造成灾难。斯大林；水门事件

反 然而，领导者不一定要具备最高的道德要求。首先，最高的道德要求很难定义，我们几乎很难找出一个最高的要求作为标准。既然没有最高标准，那又怎么去要求别人做到最高呢？作为领导者，所应具备色不应是最高道德，而是一个道德底线：决策背社会道德接受。其次，政治的本质就要求领导者有时候不能说真话。这是为了维护人们的利益。领导着决策时很多情况下考虑的不是道德，而是维护绝大多数的利益。

补 道德水平不是衡量领导人是否有效的唯一标准。还要看处理危机的才能

wangye200UID: 2651463

先自我批判一下，我遣词造句能力很差，光是组织几个最最通俗的例子就花了我好长时间:dizzy: 也因为这样所以我堆了好多很俗的例子，缺少展开论述……还请大家狠批呀。虽然我水平不高，但是我会尽力回批的:) 尽力而为