【Big Fish】03月17日Argument50--By Bruce

cloudwind-greUID: 2462220

Argument No.50
50: From a draft textbook manuscript submitted to a publisher.
"As Earth was being formed out of the collision of space rocks, the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet made the entire planet molten, even the surface. Any water present would have evaporated and gone off into space. As the planet approached its current size, however, its gravitation became strong enough to hold gases and water vapor around it as an atmosphere. Because comets are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, a comet striking Earth then would have vaporized. The resulting water vapor would have been retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth. Therefore, the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets."

In the argument, the arguer concludes that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets, one kind of rocks that are made up of frozen water and gases. The arguer's conclusion is based on two assumptions that all the water in the space rocks have been evaporated to the space and not water left for the formation of oceans in the earth, and that it is comets that bring huge amount of water to the cooled and solidified surface. However, these two reasons are both unsound.

As for the first reason, which indicate that water form the space rock during the formation of the earth has been released out to the space, leaving nothing in the Earth. Admittedly, the molten hot surface of the initial earth can not hold any water. Nevertheless, it is not reasonable for the arguer to presume that there were no space rocks colliding with the Earth after the cool of the earth and the gravitation of the earth that was enough to hold the water. If there were still untold space rock hitting the earth after the surface of the earth had cooled, the water from them, even maybe evaporate at once after the collision, can still be retained in the atmosphere, thereby forming rain in the future. Hence, the arguer should suffer the cooling speed of the original earth for us.

As for the second reason, the arguer overlooks even more information, including the number of comets colliding with the earth and the time of them hitting the earth. First, there was insufficient water to form the ocean with only several small comets hitting the earth. Only through hundreds of thousands of collision between the earth and the comets can the waters in the comets eventually result in an ocean. Secondly, even there were adequate comets striking our Earth, there still cannot form the ocean if the hit the Earth before it was solidified because the high temperature of its surface would evaporated all the water and the low gravitation would fail to conserve them. No matter how many comets reach our Earth at that time, all their water was also released out to the space. Therefore, further information about the number and time of comets hitting our Earth should be investigated clearly to obtain a conclusion.

To sum up, the two reason given by the arguer are now reasonable partly because he does not provide sufficient the when the Earth are solidified and when the Earth finally being completely formed, and partly because he fail to impart us how many comets were hitting our Earth and when they strike.

rokre2ttUID: 2714355

In the argument, the arguer concludes that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets, one kind of rocks that are made up of frozen water and gases. The arguer's conclusion is based on two assumptions that all the water in the space rocks have been evaporated to the space and not water left for the formation of oceans in the earth, and that it is comets that bring huge amount of water to the cooled and solidified surface. However, these two reasons are both unsound.

As for the first reason, which indicate (indicates) that water form the space rock (rocks) during the formation of the earth has been released out to the space, leaving nothing in the Earth. Admittedly, the molten hot surface of the initial earth can not (cannot) hold any water. Nevertheless, it is not reasonable for the arguer to presume that there were no space rocks colliding with the Earth after the cool of the earth and the gravitation of the earth that was enough to hold the water.(似乎作者没有做出这样的假设吧) If there were still untold space rock(s) hitting the earth after the surface of the earth had cooled, the water from them, even maybe evaporate at once after the collision, can still be retained in the atmosphere, thereby forming rain in the future. Hence, the arguer should suffer the cooling speed of the original earth for us.

As for the second reason, the arguer overlooks even more information, including the number of comets colliding with the earth and the time of them hitting the earth. First, there was insufficient water to form the ocean with only several small comets hitting the earth. Only through hundreds of thousands of collision between the earth and the comets can the waters（waters指江河湖海的水）in the comets eventually result in an ocean. Secondly(前面用first,这里也用second吧), even there were adequate comets striking our Earth, there（they） still cannot form the ocean if the hit the Earth before it was solidified because the high temperature of its surface would evaporated(evaporate) all the water and the low gravitation would fail to conserve them. No matter how many comets reach our Earth at that time, all their water was also released out to the space. Therefore, further information about the number and time of comets hitting our Earth should be investigated clearly to obtain a conclusion.(这一段分析很好)

To sum up, the two reason given by the arguer are now reasonable partly because he does not provide sufficient the when the Earth are solidified and when the Earth finally being completely formed, and partly because he fail to impart us how many comets were hitting our Earth and when they strike.
不错，加油啊！