issue48 有提纲，求拍...

zhusichao88UID: 2786754

TOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
WORDS: 256          TIME: 01:00:00          DATE: 2010-4-7 17:20:53

提纲：
1 引述题目，说明现况，表明观点，表示同意，但是题目的表述将个人排除在外是片面的，单方面的，但是不能忽视个人的作用。

2说明历史是由人创造的，研究历史有助于人们理解自身，同时简述历史研究过于关注个人是因为一个有出名的人物可以代表他所在集团的成就。同时解释重大事件和历史潮流的能够成为可能是离不开广泛的群众基础的。是辩证统一的。

3正面叙述历史上个人的作用是存在的，历史研究关注个人是有其道理的

原因 内因：1.个人魅力（charisma）2.有领袖气质3.有领导才干4.Capability 5.competent
6.任何一个错误的抉择都会改变历史。

外因：1外界史学家更愿意提及典型人物代表他以及背后的团队所做出的贡献或者愚蠢的举动。（历史背后的group的贡献总是归功于该任务身上）例如重大历史时期以人名字命名，重大发现以发现者的名字命名，重要城市以重要历史人物命名，货币上印有重大历史人物头像。
          2一个伟大的trends开创者往往集各种特征与一体，举例孔夫子代表了整个儒学，老子代表了道家，狄奥根尼代表了犬儒主义的思想。
          2外界会由于其特殊身份而关注，例如戴安娜王妃，例如国家的国王。
          3历史研究需要一个具体的形象。而不是一群形象。

4）转折，然而仅仅靠个人是不够的，这是一种个人主义的极端思想。
说明在历史研究中忽略了身份早已被淡忘的人群，个人是无法做出一个重大的历史事件或者潮流的，只有与group结合，例如福特汽车，福特的理念与创新固然很重要，但是没有工人以及消费者，流行的T型车将不存在 乔布斯的苹果也是有其背后的研究团队与销售团队合作，以及乔布斯本人的领导力和宣传力。任何伟大的思想家都有其追随者，否则其思想不能流传于后世。

事实上，这是一群身份没有留在历史记载中而是被作为一个整体来研究的人群。其对历史的贡献是凝聚力而做出了impressive 事情。他们存在一个共同的特征，那就是为了同一个目标和理想在某一个历史人物的带领下，做出了令人无法忘记的历史事件和潮流。  对于这群人的研究已经包含在了对于其相应历史人物的研究中，只是在实际研究中并未提及。这个群体中的任何一个人的能力都是有限的，对其进行独立的研究没有太大的价值，只有将其与历史时间以及这事件的缔造者或者领军人物结合才真正有存在的意义。如同一滴水只有到了大海才不会干涸。

The statement cliams that the study of history focuse on induviduals primarily,however the significant event and trends are made possible by the groups of people who were frogotten forever. I concede that the effects of those famous few are indispensable, Nevertheless, history is made by human beings, the opinion of ruling out the efforts of the groups of people should be unilateral.

Just as the great saying from Oscar Wilder(and I paraphrase):"Anybody can make history, Only great man can write it." Great few individuals can leave their name in histroy not only because of their own charm, charisma, and leadership, but also because of the competence and capability to handle those issues perfectly and fluencely. Historican prefer to study the famous few about their contribution and accomplishment, and normal people just commemmorized them by some other ways such as print the great man's figure on the currency, or name big cities after some famous men, just like Seattle is the name of a friendly native American chief. From another standpoint, a great trends initiator must be a combination of each characters such like thoughtful, wisdom, gentleness,and discernment. a case to this point is comfusious who is treated as a  sage in Chinese history. From this understanding, we subconsciously regard these great men as the paradigms of the trends and events.

However, This opinion of excessively extending the effect of individuals is considered to be extreme. Admitedly, to study certian individual in the group turn out to be meanless, therefore, to regard them as a whole, The triumphal events and trends done by this group can influence the the history deeply and impressively. History tells us that the halo of those famous few individuals immidiately trun dim while ignoring the contribution from those groups of people. Ford's Model T won't be spead as a fashion without the coolaboration of engineers, workers and sells men, and every great thinker have his own adherents or his thoughts and literature will be faded away during the long history. An example to support this viewpoint is that Plato and his acadmia cultivated many great thinkers and schoars ,they inherited most of their teacher's essecial and carry forward it forever.

Actually, groups of people whose identitise are frogotten all share one common ground that they indeed achieved a destination under the direction of great individual as their leader or guider, a group of people without cohesion just like a crowd of atomized individuals, and the famous individuals do make history, But they cannot influence the society or history in any direction they so choose without the help of the groups of people no matter how capable they are, both of them respresant crucial roles in the stage of history, Just like the driver and the engine for a car, none of them can be take away if the car desires to complete the whole match.

In conlude ,the famous individuals who are memorized by us are definitely make tremedous progress, on the other hand, the effect done by the groups of people whose identities are forgotten long before cannot be effaced during the study of history. Only combine the leaders and the groups of people can we endue authentical meaning of history.