【1010G精英组】ISSUE48 F组回收站

lynnuanaUID: 2772328

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【Argument35情况汇报】



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48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."

附：改作文指南 by 最後の使徒

makeithappenUID: 2585223

history好难写啊。。例子基本都是抄的。。（所以句子比较好。。）

When talking about the history, most people just remember the significant individuals, for example: Abraham Lincoln, Adolf Hitler, Franklin Delano Roosevelt etc. But in my view, the most significant events and trends in history were made by groups of people, not by the famous few.

Most philosophers of history contend that the motives forces in history can best be described only with a wider lens than the one he used for his portraits. For example, Karl Marx argued that history was determined by the massive social forces at play in “class struggle”, not by individuals. After Marx, Herbert Spencer wrote at the end of 19th century “You must admit that the genesis of great man depends on the long series of complex influence which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown. Before he can remark his society, his society must make him.” Thus, in a word, the factors such as economic, society, environmental and technology are more significant to historical change.

Review the history. It’s the accumulating wealth, both substantial or spirit, generate the technology innovation again and again. Only the powerful and prosperous country has the ability to launch an external war. The people and society are the crucial keys to determine history not a single people.

Although someone significant advances the history events or trends, without the education and assist of contemporary people, he cannot success. For example, Adolf Hitler launch the World War 2 when the Germany enjoying the title of “powerful industrial country”. It is hard to imagine if Hitler live in country, in that all people starving and enduring cold on the street, he still can lead the people to flight for an aggress war.

What’s more, the example of demonstrating the Sun at the center of the universe also demonstrates that the most significant events and trends in history were made by society. Copernicus was a great scientist who displaced the Earth from the center of the university. Copernicus' epochal book, published just before his death in 1543, is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy. His heliocentric model, demonstrated the Sun at the center of the universe. If it is only individual can create the history, the contemporary people could receipt his work. But since the people’s misunderstanding, a lot of prominent scientists who support Copernicus’s work had been killed by the ignorant people. Only when the science’s ability arrives some kind of standard, people can receipt the Sun at the center of the universe.

The Annales School, led by Lucien Febvre, Marc Bloch and Fernand Braudel would contest the exaggeration of the role of individual subjects in history. Indeed, Braudel distinguished various time-scales, one accorded to the life of an individual, another accorded to the life of few human generations, and the last one to civilization, by which geography, economics and demography play a role considerably more decisive than that of individual subjects.

In a nutshell, the most significant events and trends in history were made by groups of people, not by the famous few.

carol.ljUID: 2764249

1认为是个别名人和大众一起创造了历史。

2在科技领域，很多成就都是由个人实现的

3在社会领域，虽然很多成就是由个人主导的，但最终还是由人民群众完成的。

4而现实中，人们总是忽视了人民群众在历史中的作用，认为是精英创造了历史。

         who created the history, the famous few, or the groups of  the general public? the author believes that the most significant events and the trends in history were made possible by the latter, whose identities have long been forgotten, rather than the former. As far as i am concerned, the famous few together with general public have created history.

      

       Firstly, human cognition defines the famous as the representation of a large group of people. Although society has such a powerful strength that the few famous persons can not change or hinder the progress of history, the famous persons are famous due to their predictable thought and their wise leading. The decisions they made are so significant that they are the catalysts of the steps of history progress. For instance, Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, left Harvard and found the company. The company’s success made Gates one of the most influential figures in the computer industry. And, eventually, Gates made the word different due to his commercial decisions, which brings the opportunity of new technology development.Computers are so popular and widely used in a large number of companies and schools all over the word that we entered a new historical trend. Many achievements, in science and technology, are made by individuals. What’s more, those individuals play key roles in the critical moments, and construct a better society, such as Max planck, Einstein Albert, Harvey and so on. In a word, famous individuals with great feats probably indicate the main trend of history. They push the history this direction with their wisdom.

        Secondly, many historic achievements, in the field of society, have been made by the personality, but finally completed by most of general people. For example, homer is famous for the two great works in western literature. Almost people are interested in the history of ancient Greek, which is famous at the democratic society, flourishing culture and high achievements of science. And all those have been recorded by whom, obviously, the general public record the history’s events. Furthermore, the general publics’ ideas, attitudes, behavior, and experience have made up of the frame of history. Admittedly, society is a group made up of one individual components. And history also is written by people.No one can ignore the importance of general people who impelled the development of human history, and everyone of the groups has his or her own role and function in the history.

   
     However,it is hard for the readers to notice those limitations in human nature. For the readers, they simply take the famous few as the ones who made possible the significant events and trends. The real history should be created by the famous few and the general public.
   
    In sum,the famous few are in active state, while the general public are passive to some extents. Both the group of people and the famous few determine the destiny of society. And the bias of attach importance on either one of the two is due to the limitation of human cognition.

悦微微志燮UID: 2759026

集体和个人同样重要
1、        我们不能只看重个人的力量，没有群众的支持，不能实现伟大的奇迹
2、        我们也不能忽略个人的重要性，我们需要个人引领我们向更高的目标前进
The speaker claims that the most important events and trend in history were made by groups of people whose identities have long been overlooked instead of the famous few. I agree with the speaker's view that we should not put so much emphasis on individuals but ignore the masses. I think that the famous persons and the unknown ones are of equal importance to the history of human beings. Both of them should be taken into studies.

Undoubted, groups of people play a very important role in the creating the wonderful culture and splendid civilization in history. From the Egyptian civilization to Chinese culture, from ancient literature to modern science, there is almost no aspect where we hardly find the wisdom and power of groups of people. One of the famous world wonders – the Great Wall of China were built by a great group of nameless peasants. Apart from the Chinese civilization could not ignore the importance of groups of people, but also other civilizations such as Egyptian civilization, Greek civilization and even the world civilization were mainly depended on the groups of people.

But at the same time, we really need someone to lead us to a higher position. So the history calls for significant individuals to lead the people, to make good use of people's will, to influence the trends where history went. We need Abraham Lincoln to abolish the slavery and make America a united and industrialized country. We need Martin Luther King Junior to arouse the awareness of justice and pursuing of equality and liberty. Without Newton, western people still live under the great shadow of pope. Without Einstein, we never know the power of nuclear, not mentioning to make full use of it to serve the people. It is true that these significant individuals change our lives, change the process of history and they deserve our respect and praise. It is of great value to study them and learn from them.

Above all, we must admit that individuals make many benefits to the world, but we could not overlook the function of individuals and ignore the masses. Without masses, the power of individual is limited. But without the leading of some individuals, masses could not have a better life so soon. History is made of both individuals and masses. Either of them is important and necessary.

lxin333UID: 2650844

全新style呀~观点很明确的 都在首句  不加提纲咯 请多指教


When we read about book on history, we'll find that the achievement of famous individuals is widely mentioned because of their illustrious contribution. However, even the history is replete with stories about the glorious deeds of famous individuals; we cannot ignore the groups of people whose contribution is indelible. It is undeniable that these famous individuals would have been unable to achieve their goals without the support of their fellow members.

Admittedly, history places too much emphasis on famous individuals, because it was their charisma, leader capabilities, desire for victory that they managed to consistently remain in the limelight. For instance, Mahatma Gandhi, who is bestowed the title of Father of the Nation, devoted himself into the independence of India. The supreme effort of him can never be undermined. But, it is apparent that not only his superior leadership skills and philanthropy but also the sacrifices of the martyrs who adhered to his great tenet of true force and non-violence, synchronously, brought the fruition. Yet, the name of Gandhi remains indelible in the history while these people who are behind the scenes never find any mention. Spartacus, the most notable leader of the slaves in the Third Servile War, upraised against the Roman Republic as a major slave. The Thracian hero who had once served as a soldier with the Romans, but had since been a prisoner and sold for a gladiator, plotted an escape from being slaves and recruited many other slaves into their ranks. For his talent of being a tactic and his previous military experience, he led his men who lacked military training defeat the Romans and swelled the ranks to some 70 thousand. "A great commander, a true representative of the ancient proletariat." was Karl Marx's high praise for him. It is easy to assert that the slaves will unable to contend with the Romans without Spartacus's tactics and brilliant leadership. Hence, the emphasis on famous individuals is due to that these individuals had superior leadership which enabled them to lead the populace while continuously revered by the world.

However, the most significant events and trends in history were made possible by groups of people. Thus, it is unfair for the groups to get no share of the limelight. The efforts of one man cannot sufficient to cause a paradigm shift in the development of human society. It is the cumulative efforts of the groups that have sparked revolutions. For instance, Plato, one of the greatest philosophers and ideologists of the western world, laid the foundation of Western Culture. Was it not his students, the famous and insightful educators and philosophers in western culture, the platonic culture may not as what they are now. Air Jordan, a natural basketball star with glories such as 6-time NBA Champion, 5-time NBA MVP and so forth, had led the Bulls sweep away the field and influenced a whole generation. But without his teammates --- among them were super stars that just subordinated to him like Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman and other good partners --- he cannot repeatedly achieve the peak even though he had reached a high degree of professional proficiency. Yet, as of today, only Michael Jordan is world renowned, his teammates really deserve to share the credit. Similarly, when discussing great names in physics, one may mention Isaac Newton, James Maxwell. But, few people would mention Bardain, Brattain and Schockley who invented the first semiconductor transistor. Without their contribution, it would have been impossible for us to use high technological products. Hence, the most famous events and trends in history are not only made possible by individuals but to a great extent by the groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.

In conclusion, the famous individuals who are immortalized by us indeed made tremendous progress in advancing the progress of history, on other hand, the effect made by the groups of people whose identities are forgotten long before though cannot be effaced during the study of history. Only by combining the famous individuals and the groups can we endue authentic meaning of history.

lynnuanaUID: 2772328

写的不好，bs下自己

As the Chinese saying goes,“people are the creator of the history.” But the experts in history alwaysattributes those famous figures as the significant role in the study ofhistory, while other persons argue that the historians should place moreattention on the group of common people because the individuals are also one ofthe people. Thereare two sides to every icon. It is hard to concludewhich statement is better than another. But it is necessary to construct abalance on this research subject.

No one can deny the crucial roles of peoplein the evolution of human civilization. It is the efforts of a large number ofthe common people that make it possible for those elite few to achieve thesignificant change in the progress of human society. For example, in mostof revolutionary which aimed at overthrow the old governments or obsolescentinstitutions, without the attendance of a large amountof common peoplewho may have no definite inclination on crude behaviors,the leaders would not be successful in the end. Therefore, the people attending makethe leaders to fulfill the final goal.

However, before we deny thehistory concept of heroism such as the hero create the history or the hero andthe common people create the history together, one thing should be consideredthat the elites who are from the common people conformed to the historicaltrend and the wishes of the people, stood on the forefront of time and tide onthe revolution waves and finally achieved the significant changes of history.Because these heroes are representatives of the people, people used toattribute history changes to the leadership of them. In fact, at the crucialmoment of historical development, because the overall direction of historicaldevelopment are inevitable and can not be changed, people need a hero come outto guide the public. It is so-called “Times makesheroes, while heroes shape the times”.

But not every hero could be infull compliance with the wishes of the people and history of the direction. Thetrue hero is always scarce. The heroes are deferent from each other in severalaspects such as personal qualities, leadership ability, their teams andenvironment, etc. From this meaning, a hero can not be totally on behalf of allpeople. For example, in China,on the road of the national revolution, Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, MaoZedong are all called hero. But because they represented different interestgroups, they have affected the development process of Chinese society indifferent ways and each has his own gains and losses. In my own thought, thereal hero should promoted the historical progress with the special characters.

In all,to extolling heroes does not mean to deny the masses of the common people whopromote the historical progress. In addition, on the basis of this definition,we recognize and glorify the famous figures that represent the people’s will.Therefore, to praise these heroes is to praise the people.

xmaszztUID: 2796708

1 提出问题，个人和群体哪个重要
2 讨论群体对于历史的重要性
3 讨论一些领域里个人的重要性
4 个人和群体都重要但是不应该忽视群体
In the river of history, everyone played their role as a drop. Open a history book arbitrarily; we can see the American War of Independence, the Industrial Revolution, the Second World War, the Lunar Probe Project, and the September 11 attacks, these specific events which link the historical, so we will often asked whether individual or group dominates them on earth?

Let us begin with an example, Adam Smith, who is the author of The Wealth of Nations-generally considered the pioneer of modern economics, and this composing also laid the theoretical basis of the capitalist free economy. However, we can not believe that market economy is the result of The Wealth of Nations, the formation of a market economy takes a long time: from 15th century, the increasing requirement, which lead to the Enclosure movement; then the Industrial Revolution accelerate the capitalization, and to the present the constitution of market economy is gradual improvement. But when asked the basis of the market economy, the majorities immediately think of The Wealth of Nations instead of the long struggle by the masses. Although historians describe these incidents as symbols of history but not the causation, people who are not familiar with the period of history will focus on these events but not the essential, and this phenomena is ubiquity. We indeed overlook the group of historical importance sometimes, we overlook the contribution of working people, leading to productivity changes in the economy but focus on a book which is called The Wealth of Nations; we overlook the social background and the people's living conditions but focus on leadership performance; we overlook the dead and wounded soldiers in a war but remember the names of campaigns and generals. Perhaps these one-sided thinking can not simply blame to historians, also because the way we understand the history is not embed. Though the above argument, we have to admit groups of people play a very important role history.

In some specific areas, individuals can not be ignored. Such as science and art, Thomas Alva Edison, who invented the filament, bring us brightness; James Watt, who invented the steam engine, greatly promoted the development of industry; Charles Robert Darwin, who advanced The Origin of Species, let us better understand our own; Beethoven, who composed all kinds of beautiful music, bring us the charm of art. They are all indispensable to the history, so we also can not ignore the contribution to history by these individuals. Perhaps someone would say, even if Edison did not invent the electric light there would be another people invent it, this example illustrated that our history still is not dependent on specific individual, it is ture, however there is no doubt that this individual indeed contribute to the history of human but not by a group. Thus, we should also identify the importence of individuals.

In the river of history, we will easy to see the water spray-the simple of history or the key individuals-which is natural, but we should also realize the function of every drop, according to this we will deeply understand our history.

carol.ljUID: 2764249

改微微：
集体和个人同样重要
1、        我们不能只看重个人的力量，没有群众的支持，不能实现伟大的奇迹
2、        我们也不能忽略个人的重要性，我们需要个人引领我们向更高的目标前进
The speaker claims that the most important events and trend in history were made by groups of people whose identities have long been overlooked instead of the famous few. I agree with the speaker's view that we should not put so much emphasis on individuals but ignore the masses. I think that the famous persons and the unknown ones are of equal importance to the history of human beings. Both of them should be taken into studies.

Undoubted, groups of people play a very important role in the creating the wonderful culture and splendid civilization in history. From the Egyptian civilization to Chinese culture, from ancient literature to modern science, there is almost no aspect where we hardly find the wisdom and power of groups of people. 这个例子学习了One of the famous world wonders – the Great Wall of China were built by a great group of nameless peasants. Apart from the Chinese civilization could not ignore the importance of groups of people, but also other civilizations such as Egyptian civilization, Greek civilization and even the world civilization were mainly depended on the groups of people.
[群体在创建文化中的重要性]

But at the same time, we really need someone to lead us to a higher position. So the history calls for significant individuals to lead the people, to make good use of people's will, to influence the trends where history went. We need Abraham Lincoln to abolish the slavery and make America a united and industrialized country. We need Martin Luther King Junior to arouse the awareness of justice and pursuing of equality and liberty. Without Newton, western people still live under the great shadow of pope. Without Einstein, we never know the power of nuclear, not mentioning to make full use of it to serve the people. （好多例子，学习了）It is true that these significant individuals change our lives, change the process of history and they deserve our respect and praise. It is of great value to study them and learn from them.[从政治到科技，个人的重要性]

Above all, we must admit that individuals make many benefits to the world, but we could not overlook the function of individuals and ignore the masses. Without masses, the power of individual is limited. But without the leading of some individuals, masses could not have a better life so soon. History is made of both individuals and masses. Either of them is important and necessary.

语言没什么问题，用了很多排比句，举例论证很多，学习了。

makeithappenUID: 2585223

who[Who] created the history, the famous few, or the groups of
the general public? The[The 这种大小写问题我就不该了啊。。。] author believes that the most significant events and the trends in history were made possible by the latter, whose identities have long been forgotten, rather than the former. As far as i am concerned, the famous few together with general public have created history.





Firstly, human cognition defines the famous as the representation of a large group of people. Although society has such a powerful strength that the few famous persons can not[cannot] change or hinder the progress of history, the famous persons are famous due to their predictable thought and their wise leading. The decisions they made are so significant that they are the catalysts of the steps of history progress. For instance, Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, left Harvard and found the company. The company’s success made Gates one of the most influential figures in the computer industry. And, eventually, Gates made the word[World] different due to his commercial decisions, which brings the opportunity of new technology development. Computers are so popular and widely used in a large number of companies and schools all over the word that we entered a new historical trend. Many achievements, in science and technology, are made by individuals.[good example] What’s more, those individuals play key roles in the critical moments, and construct a better society, such as Max planck, Einstein Albert, Harvey and so on. In a word, famous individuals with great feats probably indicate the main trend of history. They push the history this direction with their wisdom.


Secondly, many historic achievements, in the field of society, have been made by the personality, but finally completed by most of general people[general people 这个用法很奇怪]. For example, homer is famous for the two great works in western literature. Almost people are interested in the history of ancient Greek, which is famous at the democratic society, flourishing culture and high achievements of science. And all those have been recorded by whom, obviously, the general public record the history’s events. Furthermore, the general publics’ ideas, attitudes, behavior, and experience have made up of the frame of history.[I didn’t figure out the connection of homer and Greek…] Admittedly, society is a group made up of one individual components[component]. And history also is written by people. No one can ignore the importance of general people who impelled the development of human history, and everyone of the groups has his or her own role and function in the history.



However,it is hard for the readers to notice those limitations in human nature. For the readers, they simply take the famous few as the ones who made possible the significant events and trends. The real history should be created by the famous few and the general public.[This paragraph’s argument is too weak!!!]



In sum, the famous few are in active state, while the general public are[is] passive to some extents. Both the group of people and the famous few determine the destiny of society. And the bias of attach importance on either one of the two is due to the limitation of human cognition.

悦微微志燮UID: 2759026

3# carol.lj

who created the history, the famous few, or the groups of  the general public? the author believes that the most significant events and the trends in history were made possible by the latter, whose identities have long been forgotten, rather than the former. As far as i am concerned, the famous few together with general public have created history.

      

       Firstly, human cognition defines the famous as the representation of a large group of people. Although society has such a powerful strength that the few famous persons can not change or hinder the progress of history, the famous persons are famous due to their predictable thought and their wise leading. The decisions they made are so significant that they are the catalysts of the steps of history progress. For instance, Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, left Harvard and found the company. The company’s success made Gates one of the most influential figures in the computer industry. And, eventually, Gates made the word different due to his commercial decisions, which brings the opportunity of new technology development.Computers are so popular and widely used in a large number of companies and schools all over the word that we entered a new historical trend. Many achievements, in science and technology, are made by individuals. What’s more, those individuals play key roles in the critical moments, and construct a better society, such as Max planck, Einstein Albert, Harvey and so on. In a word, famous individuals with great feats probably indicate the main trend of history. They push the history this direction with their wisdom.（例子值得借鉴）

        Secondly, many historic achievements, in the field of society, have been made by the personality, but finally completed by most of general people. For example, homer is famous for the two great works in western literature. Almost people are interested in the history of ancient Greek, which is famous at the democratic society, flourishing culture and high achievements of science. And all those have been recorded by whom, obviously, the general public record the history’s events. （例子再具体一点？）Furthermore, the general publics’ ideas, attitudes, behavior, and experience have made up of the frame of history. Admittedly, society is a group made up of one individual components. And history also is written by people.No one can ignore the importance of general people who impelled the development of human history, and everyone of the groups has his or her own role and function in the history.

   
     However,it is hard for the readers to notice those limitations in human nature. For the readers, they simply take the famous few as the ones who made possible the significant events and trends. The real history should be created by the famous few and the general public.（enrich it）
   
    In sum,the famous few are in active state, while the general public are passive to some extents. Both the group of people and the famous few determine the destiny of society. And the bias of attach importance on either one of the two is due to the limitation of human cognition.

xmaszztUID: 2796708

改组长的。。：

As the Chinese saying goes,” people are the creator of the history.”(恩第一句话基本点明观点。。学习)But the experts in history always attributes those famous figures as the significant role in the study of history, while other persons argue that the historians(和前面的experts in history不重复) should place more attention on the group of common people because the individuals are also one of the people. There’re two sides to every icon. It is hard to conclude which statement is better than another. But it is necessary to construct a balance on this research subject（点明原命题的片面）.

No one can deny the crucial roles of people in the evolution of human civilization. It is the efforts of a large number of the common people that make it possible for those elite few to achieve the significant change in the progress of human society. For example, in most of revolutionary which aimed at overthrow the old governments or obsolescent institutions, without the attendance of a large amount of common people who may have no definite inclination on crude behaviors, the leaders would not be successful in the end. Therefore, the people attending make the leaders to（删）
fulfill the final goal.(觉得这段可以放个例子说明group的重要性，革命的例子还是好找的)

However, before we deny the history concept of heroism such as the hero create the history or the hero and the common people create the history together, one thing should be considered that the elites who are from the common people conformed to the historical trend and the wishes of the people, stood on the forefront of time and tide on the revolution waves and finally achieved the significant changes of history. （好长、、学习）Because these heroes are representatives of the people, people used to attribute history changes to the leadership of them. In fact, at the crucial moment of historical development, because the overall direction of historical development are inevitable and can not be changed, people need a hero come out to guide the public. It is so-called “Times makes heroes, while heroes shape the times”.（这段想法很独特，提出individual是group的代表）

But not every hero could be in full compliance with the wishes of the people and history of the direction. （再进一步完善使命题不片面）The true hero is always scarce. The heroes are deferent（different） from each other in several aspects such as personal qualities, leadership ability, their teams and environment, etc. From this meaning, a hero can not be totally on behalf of all people. For example, in China, on the road of the national revolution, Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong are all called hero. But because they represented different interest groups, they have affected the development process of Chinese society in different ways and each has his own gains and losses. In my own thought, the real hero should promoted（promote） the historical progress with the special characters.

In all, to extolling heroes does not mean to deny the masses of the common people who promote the historical progress. In addition, on the basis of this definition, we recognize and glorify the famous figures that represent the people’s will. Therefore, to praise these heroes is to praise the people.（再次提出这个想法）

lxin333UID: 2650844

改xma

lxin333UID: 2650844

改lynn