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对不起,交晚了,我检讨238.The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Mira Vista College to the college's board of trustees.
"At nearby Green Mountain College, which has more business courses and more job counselors than does Mira Vista College, 90 percent of last year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers. But at Mira Vista College last year, only 70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation, and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study. To help Mira Vista's graduates find employment, we must offer more courses in business and computer technology and hire additional job counselors to help students with their resumès and interviewing skills."
邻近的Green Mountain学院拥有比Mira Vista学院更多的商业课程和就业顾问,去年其毕业生有90%得到了公司的工作机会。但去年在Mira Vista,所有通知了就业办公室说他们要就业的毕业生中只有70%的人在毕业后三个月内找到全职工作,而且这些毕业生只有一半在本专业就业。为帮助Mira Vista的毕业生找到工作,我们必须提供更多的商业和计算机技术课程,并雇佣更多的就业顾问来帮助学生提高准备简历和面试的技巧。
1、无效调查数据,没有考虑基数对调查结果的影响
2、经不起推敲的类推,G学院个情况不能说明M学院的情况
3、不具代表性的数据,通知了就业办公室的同学的就业率不能代表全M学院的就业率
4、没有数据显示M学院的学生找不到工作是因为商业计算机课程缺乏,简历不好或者面试技巧不过关
5、没有资料显示提供更多商业和计算机课程,雇佣就业顾问就能帮助M学院的学生在毕业后找到工作
161.In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.
在一次由Leeville大学所举行的关于Leeville居民阅读习惯的调查中,多数被访者说他们倾向于阅读古典文学。然而,由相同的研究人员随后进行的调查发现Leeville所有公共图书馆中最经常被借阅的书是神秘小说。因此,我们可以得出结论,第一次调查的被访者错误地表达了他们的阅读习惯
1、基于不准确调查,被调查者的阅读习惯能否代表L区居民的整体阅读习惯,抽样方法是否合理准确,第二次调查中取样方法不合理,公共图书馆某种常被借阅的书籍不能代表全部居民的喜好
2、第一次调查中搜集资料的方法是否准确,如果调查表的设计有问题,带有倾向性,就不能说明该区居民真是的阅读习惯
3、经不起推敲的类推,有图书馆中书的借阅频率不能推出该区居民的阅读习惯,有可能居民更喜欢自己买书
4、认为事物永恒不变,居民的阅读习惯有可能一直改变
5、在无令人信服的调查结果前下结论,过于果断
6、概念模糊类,古典文学和神秘小说有重叠的部分,文章未对这两个概念区分
237.The following appeared as part of an article in a local Beauville newspaper.
"According to a government report, last year the city of Dillton reduced its corporate tax rate by 15 percent; at the same time, it began offering relocation grants and favorable rates on city utilities to any company that would relocate to Dillton. Within 18 months, two manufacturing companies moved to Dillton, where they employ a total of 300 people. Therefore, the fastest way for Beauville to stimulate economic development and hence reduce unemployment is to provide tax incentives and other financial inducements that encourage private companies to relocate here."
根据一项政府报告,去年Dillton市把它的营业税率降低了15%;同时,该市给予迁移至Dillton的公司一定的搬迁费和相应城市设施使用费的优惠。在18个月内,两家生产商搬迁到了Dillton,他们在那里一共雇佣了300名工人。因此,Beauville市刺激经济发展从而降低失业率最快的方法就是提供税率以及其他经济上的优惠来鼓励私有企业搬迁到本地。
1、因果关系混淆,两家公司迁至D不能说明是受到了D政府政策的诱导
2、部分不能代表整体,两家公司雇佣的人数不能代表所有公司对员工人数的需求
3、300对D市来说是多还是少,如果B人口基数大,就不能说明引进一两家这样的公司可以降低失业率
4、没有考虑实施该政策的预算,政府是否有能力支持这样的计划
5、没有调查显示能否通过其他方法降低失业率发展经济
6、经不起推敲的类推,D市的情况不能推出B市也是同样的情况
7、300名工人可能本来就不是失业人员或者是即将失业人员,所以不能说明新公司的到来可以降低失业率
8、没有数据资料显示新公司的到来刺激了本地经济加快发展
9、过去18个月的情况不能说明未来公司也有同样的倾向
147.The following appeared in an editorial in a business magazine.
"Although the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years, a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people 10 to 25 years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. It follows, then, that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months."
尽管Whirlwind游戏公司的游戏销量在过去两年中下降了,最近一次对于电子游戏玩家的调查显示这种销售趋势可能会逆转。该调查询问游戏玩家对于一个游戏来说他们所认为的最重要特征是什么。根据调查结果,玩家倾向于那些需要最先进的电脑的,具有活灵活现图象的游戏。Whirlwind刚刚面向10-25岁的人群开展了大力的广告活动来推广若干此类游戏,10-25岁是最喜欢玩游戏的年龄层。这说明Whirlwind公司的游戏销量将会在未来几个月猛增。
1、基于不准确的调查,调查人群为游戏玩家,不限年龄,公司广告针对10-25岁人群,那么前者的喜好能否代表后者的
2、调查具有倾向性,只考虑到游戏玩家对游戏特征的态度,一个游戏的受欢迎度不只取决于这个方面
3、因果关系单纯混淆,即使广告面向的人群喜欢此类游戏,那么他们是否会买W公司的游戏
4、没有考虑造成W公司销量下降的全部因素,文中也没有任何资料数据显示销量下降是由于游戏界面和对电脑的要求不符合大众口味造成的
5、调查结果的时效性,即使游戏家可以代表大众喜好,玩家也愿意现在购买W的游戏产品,在调查时候的显示出的喜好在未来是否会改变没有考虑
186.The following is a recommendation from the director of personnel to the president of Professional Printing Company.
"In a recent telephone survey of automobile factory workers, older employees were less likely to report that having a supervisor present increases their productivity. Among workers aged 18 to 29, 27 percent said that they are more productive in the presence of their immediate supervisor, compared to 12 percent for those aged 30 or over, and only 8 percent for those aged 50 or over. Clearly, if our printing company hires mainly older employees, we will increase productivity and save money because of the reduced need for supervisors."
在最近一次对汽车工厂工人的电话调查中,年纪大一些的员工更少报告说有管理员在场会提高他们的生产效率。在18到29岁的员工中,27%的人说当他们的顶头上司在场时更有效率,相比之下,30岁及以上的工人只有12%,50岁及以上的工人只有8%这样认为。显然,如果我们印刷公司主要雇佣年纪大一些的员工的话,我们的劳动生产率将会提高,并且节省开支,因为对于管理员的需求将会减少。
1、类推错误,汽车工厂的调查结果不能在印刷公司不一定适用
2、调查数据的不具代表性,被调查的员工能否代表全体,可能调查的50岁以上的员工较少
3、基于不准确的调查,电话调查不科学,调查过程中被调查者是否做了真是的回答
4、雇佣年纪大的员工不一定提高生产效率,有可能他们因为年纪大生长效率反倒不如年轻人,没有资料证明演讲者的这个结论
5、混淆因果,即使年纪大的人无人监督时比年轻的效率高也不能说明推出公司需要的管理人员少
6、概念模糊,不同人对自己效率高低的衡量标准是什么,调查中没有统一
7.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.
"In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved."
在下一次市长选举中,Clearview的市应投Good Earth Coalition成员Ann Green的票,而不是Clearview市委成员Frank Braun,因为当前的市委成员没有保护我们的环境。举例来说,去年Clearview的工厂数量翻了一番,空气污染水平增加了,而且当地医院因呼吸道疾病就诊的数量增加了25%。如果我们选举Ann Green,Clearview的环境问题肯定将被解决。
1、不合理的类推,工厂数量翻一番不能说明空气污染水平的增加,呼吸道疾病就诊数量增加不能说明是空气污染造成的,以上也都不能说明市委成员没有保护市区环境
2、即使环境污染是工厂造成的,这一系列的直接诱因也是政府,但不能推出这一切是Frank造成的,相反,F可能在环保上做出了贡献
3、A当选后不一定他就能解决现存环境问题,没有资料证明他就有能力解决这个问题
4、仅从个人对环保的态度推选市长是不合理的考虑
14.The following appeared in a memo from the owner of Green Thumb Gardening Center, a small business serving a suburban town.
"There is evidence that consumers are becoming more and more interested in growing their own vegetables. A national survey conducted last month indicated that many consumers were dissatisfied with the quality of fresh vegetables available in supermarkets. And locally, the gardening magazine Great Gardens has sold out at the Village News stand three months in a row. Thus, we at Green Thumb Gardening Center can increase our profits by greatly expanding the variety of vegetable seeds we stock for gardeners this coming spring."
有证据表明消费者对于自己种植蔬菜越来越感兴趣。上个月举行的一项国家调查显示很多消费者对于超市上供应的新鲜蔬菜的质量不满意。在本地,园艺杂志《大花园》在"Village News"报亭连续三个月售磬。因此,我们Green Thumb Gardening Center可以通过大量增加今春为园艺爱好者准备的蔬菜种子的种类而增加盈利。
1、全国调查不能代表本地
1、消费者对超市供应的蔬菜质量不满不能说明他们对自己种植蔬菜感兴趣,同样一个报亭某一中杂志的销售也不具代表性
2、调查结果不具代表性,一个报亭的杂志售罄不能说明消费者对自己种植蔬菜感兴趣,可能别的杂志未进货,或者该杂志数量很少,或者该杂志较便宜
3、前几个月的情况不能代表未来某事件的发展趋势,即使消费者真的对自己种植蔬菜感兴趣
4、Center增加了今春的种子不一定盈利,没有办法预测今春人们对蔬菜的喜好程度
35.The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.
"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."
水杨酸酯和用来治疗头痛的药物--阿司匹林是同一类化合物。尽管很多食品天然富含水杨酸酯,过去几十年中食品加工公司仍然在食品中加入它来作为防腐剂。这种水杨酸酯在商业上的使用被发现与我们为期20年研究的参加者所报告的头痛发病的平均数量下降是相关的。最近,食品加工公司发现水杨酸酯也可以被用作食品香料。根据这种水杨酸酯的新用途,我们可以预期Mentia居患头痛症的数量将会持续稳步下降。
1、同类化合物不一定具有同样的医疗功效
2、被调查的对象的情况不能代表全体
3、作者错误的假定被调查者的头痛发病的平均数量下降是因为食品中以水杨酸做防腐剂所起的作用,20年来的调查具体是什么样的在报告中没有说明
4、即使水杨酸有治头痛的作用,当它被用做防腐剂或者食品香料时是否也有同样的功效未被证实
5、没有考虑水杨酸是否有副作用
6、水杨酸是否真的被用做食品香料还没有事实证实,即使对头痛有缓解,M区的居民所食用的食品中防腐剂不一定就是水杨酸制成的
7、由一项未实施的不合理的调查推断出M区居民头痛数量下降是不可信的 |