请大家拍！

happyzlUID: 2572467

188.A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids-a painkiller-to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.



In this report, the author concludes that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain and the effects of all medications on men versus women should be reevaluated by researchers. To support this argument, the author cites the facts that:(1) a new report suggests that men and women experience pain so differently from one another that doctors should take into account these differences, (2) a research tested on 28 men and 29 women indicates that women feel much less pain than the men and the effect of painkiller kappa opioids on women is more longer than men. Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however, the argument is problematic in several respects, rendering it unconvincing as it stands.

The major problem with this argument is the unwarranted assumption that the new report cited by the author is statistically unreliable. The author fails to provide more details about how many men and women were surveyed but did not respond and whether those responses are representative of the whole people. It is very possible that insufficient data have been gleaned to draw such a conclusion, an convincing one. Lacking such significant evidences, we cannot accept this recommendation, let alone to suggest doctors consider these differences between men and women when prescribing pain medications.

Even assuming the report is statistically reliable, another problem that undermines the argument is that we are not informed the exalt dosage of kappa opioids administered to each man and woman. It is entirely possible that the exalt amount of dosage is so little that it has no actual desired effect on those tested men. While for women, it is enough to reach the effect of easing pain. Moreover, the author fails to point out when the researchers measured the effect of painkiller kappa opioids in the test. It is very likely that the time period is too short after the start and in this case the medication would also have actual effect on men. Therefore, without more important details about how the research was conducted, the author cannot convince us.

What further weakens the argument is that there is an obvious distinction between men and women, in terms of the number in the research. So we can totally believe that the differences between men and women are the result of the distinction in number. Further, even though the painkiller kappa opioids actually has the effect cited by the author, there are no well-established evidences to support the claim
that reevaluating the effects of all medication on men versus women. The reason is that the amount of tested men and women is too small, compared to the whole people. We cannot make sure the results from minority would be suited for the majority. Consequently, we cannot take the advice of reevaluating the effects of all medication.

In sum, the argument relies on certain doubtful assumption that renders it unconvincing as it stands. To bolster the recommendation the arguer must provide clear evidence that the report is statistically reliable. To better access the argument I would also need more details of the research and so on.

江雪UID: 2790520

请人拍，也要拍人，这才是寄托提倡的互助精神。