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发表于 2010-6-21 17:41:33
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本帖最后由 fchenyan 于 2010-6-21 17:43 编辑
这次作业准备时间比较长,也参考了一些东西,写起来觉得比较顺手所以写得比前两次长了一些,希望修改的同学不吝惜用犀利的眼光和严苛的词语“拍”!先谢过。
TOPIC: ISSUE221 - "The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
WORDS: 521 TIME: 00:50:00 DATE: 2010-06-21 17:22:53
History, in its broadest sense, is the totality of all past events, although a more realistic definition would limit it to the known past. Moreover the purpose of the study of history as a serious endeavor to understand human life is never fulfilled by mere sifting of evidence for facts, and fact-finding is only the foundation for the selection, arrangement, and explanation that constitute historical interpretation. So the chief benefit of the study of history is not to break down but to exploit and make use of the difference between people in one period of time and who lived at any other time in history.
There is no denying that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who live at any other time in history, but we should not feel satisfied by only possessing facts of any time in history because it is only the first step of the study of history.
On the other side, it is unwarranted to break down the illusion referred in the issue because of the existence of the significant difference. In terms of faith and values modern people differ greatly from people who lived in the Middle Ages in the west. In terms of life styles contemporary Americans have almost nothing in common with their puritan ancestors-- the first settlers in the New World. Even in the same period of time in history, people living in one culture could be different in many ways from people in another culture.
However, the biggest present given by the history of the human being is the significant differences and that are what our study of history is based on. Without those difference, our history would be immutable and frozen and we would be buried deep in desperation because once no change and difference there will be nothing to promote historical progress. It is frustrating to stay the same no matter where and when and who you are.
Thanks to the difference, they tell both what we should do and not while decorating our world. People are taking advantage of all kinds of differences in various ways. Study the dramatic changes in the history, we can learn to keep fingers on the pulse of progressive of era. Referring to the way people's habits and customs transforming we can pick up ideas for new products and new designs for fashion. Investigating deeds of people who lived at any time in history is a common way for people to teach themselves and their next generation to grow. Researching into different people in different era, we can accumulate enough examples of both positive and negative, that telling us what to do in the next step and in the future. So it is the differences make us powerful in facing all kinds of problem.
In summary, fact-finding and difference-telling is the just the first step of the study of the history, we should take exploiting and making use of them as the chief of study of the history, but not breaking down the illusion that the existence of significant difference between people living at different time in the history.
TOPIC: ARGUMENT236 - The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a local Solano newspaper.
"The Solano school district should do away with its music education programs. After all, music programs are not especially popular in our schools: only 20 percent of our high school students participated in music programs last year. Furthermore, very few of the Solano district's college-bound students are interested in majoring in music at the university level. Also, when the school district of our neighboring town of Rutherford eliminated its music programs two years ago, the overall grade point average in the high school increased by 10 percent the next year. Surely the money spent on Solano music programs could be better used to improve the quality of traditional academic courses."
WORDS: 497 TIME: 00:40:00 DATE: 2010-06-21 17:22:53
The letter to the editor of a local Solano newspaper suggests that the Solano school district should do away with its music education programs. To support the conclusion, the author referred to students of high schools and universities in the school district and makes an analogue between school district in the neighboring. However the argument is not well reasoned and it suffers from several critical fallacies.
First, the argument is based on the assumption that programs that are not especially popular should be done away with. That is to say, courses are offered for the reason that they are useful and helpful to the students but not to satisfy interests of individuals. While so many students are complaining that mathematics is difficult and it is never reach the level of popular, but it is common accepted that math programs are necessary for any student. And so is to music as a fundamental capability to improve the quality of living and sometimes can be used to earn one's living. As considering the future of the students, we should encourage them to join programs that are not popular but useful to them.
Second, we cannot draw the conclusion that programs of music are not especially popular from the cited survey. Sometimes, it turns out that students have to forgo courses of music of some reasons that are not from their own will. Even so, data of the last year is not enough to illustrate what students in the whole school district are thinking and will think. If we do away the music programs for that matter, we are closing a door for the following students, and this is unfair and cruel. In mention of the students at university, in fact they have little opportunity to participate in music programs and they have pressure of employment, so that is not result from that they are not interested in. That is to say we should not rob them the tininess chance of learning music.
Third, the argument is based on a false analogy. The arguer simply assumes that the Solano school district is similar to the school district of the neighboring town. As we know, there are so many differences between the two districts that what is feasible may be not workable in Solano though there things in common.
At last, the writer makes a mistake by leaving music out of the traditional academic courses. We all know that music is an important part of education since the beginning of the history of academic education. Furthermore we should not neglect the contribution to other courses made by programs of music. There is no necessity to enumerate the importance of music to students’ growing up and progressing.
In conclusion, the arguer wrongly recognize programs of music are optional and advise the school district to go without such kind of courses aiming at transforming money to other academic courses. There are so many weak points that the recommendation is not convincible at all. |
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