进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

viiiiiienaUID: 2716640

TPO15第二篇A Warm-Blooded Turtle
    Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size. The bigger the animal is, the lower as surface¬to-volum e ratio; for every ounce of body mass, there is proportionately less surface through which heat can escape. An adult leatherback is twice the size of the biggest cheloniid sea turtles and will therefore take longer to cool off. Maintaining a high body temperature through sheer bulk is called gigantotherrny. It works for elephants, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs. It apparently works, in a smaller way, for some other sea turtles. Large loggerhead and green turtles can maintain their body temperature at a degree or two above that of the surrounding water, and gigantothermy is probably the way they do a. Muscular activity helps, too, and an actively swimming green turtle may be T C (12.6° F) warmer than the waters it swims through.
Gigantothermy, though, would not be enough to keep a leatherback warm in cold northern waters. It is not enough for whales, which supplement it with a thick layer of insulating blubber (fat).
14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Contraryto what we would expect of reptiles. the leatherback turtle is actually warm-blooded.
Answer Choices
        Even though they swim into cold ocean waters, leatherbacks maintain their body heat in much the same way as sea turtles in warm southern oceans do.
        The leatherback turtle uses a countercurrent exchange system in order to keep the flippers from drawing heat away from the rest of the body.
        The shape of the leatherback turtle's flippers is especially important in maintaining heat in extremely cold northern waters.
        The leatherback turtle is able to maintain body heat through sheer size.
        Leatherbacks have an insulating layer that can be
considered the reptilian version of blubber.
        Young leatherbacks often do not survive to adulthood r because they are not able to switch from a cold-blooded way of life to a warm-blooded one quickly enough.

答案为什么有第4个？这句话在原文哪句话有体现？我把和size有关的原文贴上了~~

TPO15第三篇Mass Extinctions
paragraph 4: American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski, who have studied extinction rates in a number of fossil groups, suggest that episodes of increased extinction have recurred periodically, approximately every 26 million years since the mid-Cretaceous period. The late Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs and am monoids was just one of the more drastic in a whole series of such recurrent extinction episodes. The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth as meteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact.
7.According to paragraph 4, what aspect of extinction episodes does the companion-star hypothesis supposedly clarify?
        Their location
        Their frequency
        Their duration
        Their severity
为什么选第二个？因为这段讲的就是周期？

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO15第二篇A Warm-Blooded Turtle
    Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size. The bigger the animal is, the lower as surface¬to-volum e ratio;  ...
viiiiiiena 发表于 2010-9-7 11:27

先讲第二题
The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star.....
读懂这句话中recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses就知道前后的关系了

violinchemUID: 2409284

慢慢体会方法~！谢谢LZ~！

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

TPO15第二篇A Warm-Blooded Turtle
    Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size. The bigger the animal is, the lower as surface¬to-volum e ratio;  ...
viiiiiiena 发表于 2010-9-7 11:27

1 Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size

wyx20082008UID: 2885518

Help!!! 两道TPO题，提前谢谢了


1。ＴＰＯ１４　第三套　第１０题　为什么选Ｃ不选Ｂ？

Paragraph 4: Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor. Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary遗传的 hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. lnequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.

10 According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT:
○ It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies.第六行
○ It is most marked during periods of military conquest.
○ It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.
○ It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.倒数第四行


２。ＴＰＯ１１第二套　第８题为什么选Ａ不选Ｂ
Paragraph 5：In experimenting with artificial suns, Kramer made another interesting discovery. If the artificial Sun remained stationary, the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky. Apparently, the birds were assuming that the "Sun" they saw was moving at that rate. When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky. In other words, they were able to compensate for the Sun's movement. This meant that some sort of biological clock was operating-and a very precise clock at that.

8. According to paragraph 5, how did the birds fly when the real Sun was visible?
○ They kept the direction of their flight constant.
○ They changed the direction of their flight at a rate of 15 degrees per hour.
○ They kept flying toward the Sun.
○ They flew in the same direction as the birds that were seeing the artificial Sun
　

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

Help!!! 两道TPO题，提前谢谢了


1。ＴＰＯ１４　第三套　第１０题　为什么选Ｃ不选Ｂ？

Paragraph 4: Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constan ...
wyx20082008 发表于 2010-9-7 16:53

1 就是B吧
  have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest,

2 If the artificial Sun remained stationary是choice2发生的条件。和题目不符。
  When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction 。
  是A。

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

OG；The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C (45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25° ...
weiyang1220 发表于 2010-9-6 21:15

别扣那么细致..
考试的时候 米有翻译这回事。 心中意译即可。
这话 就想成they have evolved **, ** can maintain______  就行了。

表纠结单个单词 or 所谓词组 的意思。。

闪闪硕硕UID: 2825715

TPO11
Paragraph 3：Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect this protected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry
separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.

10. According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements about wooden statues is true?

○
Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.

○
Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood.

○
Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front.

○
Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues.

答案是D，前三个选项我知道为什么不对，请问D选项从本段结尾可看出他们的function是相同的，VIEWER的角度来看怎么不同？

谢谢

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO11
Paragraph 3：Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The st ...
闪闪硕硕 发表于 2010-9-7 20:58

The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, 看你划的部分的前面。 比较级。

闪闪硕硕UID: 2825715

474# 反衬

谢谢回答，但是还是有点不理解，这句话的”the effect"指代的是什么？是前面的一大段描述吗？为啥这个就是“viewer”的角度啊？

呃~~可能问题有点蠢

还有个问题，也是tpo11 ，第二篇
11. Which of the following best describes the author's presentation of information in the passage?
○A number of experiments are described to support the idea that birds use the Sun and the night sky to navigate.

○The author uses logic to show that the biological clock in birds is inaccurate.○
A structured argument about the importance of internal versus external cues for navigation is presented.
○The opposing points of view about bird migration are clarified through the study of contrasting experiments.

答案是A我选C，是因为C太泛了，而A相对较具体所以选A吗？

嘿嘿，辛苦了，回答下吧，

反衬UID: 2328867

474# 反衬

谢谢回答，但是还是有点不理解，这句话的”the effect"指代的是什么？是前面的一大段描述吗？为啥这个就是“viewer”的角度啊？

呃~~可能问题有点蠢

还有个问题，也是tpo11 ，第二篇
11. Which ...
闪闪硕硕 发表于 2010-9-8 11:23

前面还有一个地方讲到。psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power,

反衬UID: 2328867

474# 反衬

谢谢回答，但是还是有点不理解，这句话的”the effect"指代的是什么？是前面的一大段描述吗？为啥这个就是“viewer”的角度啊？

呃~~可能问题有点蠢

还有个问题，也是tpo11 ，第二篇
还有个问题，也是tpo11 ，第二篇- g0 t4 [9 Z# \4 Z2 x% }! s! h
11. Which of the following best describes the author's presentation of information in the passage?
; G  ]6 f. \$ j2 m7 l, M○A number of experiments are described to support the idea that birds use the Sun and the night sky to navigate.1 l' s1 |6 O1 T5 H4 u& L1 I
* L$ O: y( Y2 X
○The author uses logic to show that the biological clock in birds is inaccurate.○
- e5 U1 L  n7 F" a0 N; t% [# RA structured argument about the importance of internal versus external cues for navigation is presented.
& f; ], E$ x: m: J- `: _○The opposing points of view about bird migration are clarified through the study of contrasting experiments.% D1 S% k/ _. c1 B; a( n
6 i3 G0 M  C, S& m4 r
答案是A我选C，是因为C太泛了，而A相对较具体所以选A吗？
4 y, J3 D( U1 ?2 F% X. s9 o; U% v- S% ^
嘿嘿，辛苦了，回答下吧，
闪闪硕硕 发表于 2010-9-8 11:23

关键问题错了。 第三个 的argument，argument是驳论，与本文的概括不符。

icedotUID: 2892953

问一道文章主旨题： TPO 9 "THE ARRIVAL OF PLANT LIFE IN HAWAII"

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for abrief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary byselecting the THR ...
xqsissy 发表于 2010-8-9 11:20

现在发应该来不及了~不过还是说一下我的感受吧~首先，这一题我也做错了。
原先做题的时候都是直接看选项，直接排除细节，今天做这一题发现这个方法是不对的。因为，我一下子就把the first 那句当成detail排除了~

这篇文章说的是The arrival of plant life in Hawaii.所以，当然总结的话应该是plant life land in Hawaii的顺序了~The first is Lichen—fern—seed-bearing plant~
第4条，文章里好没提到过seed-bearing plant在Hawaii形成的时候就已经进化的很好~所以， 不选

joyce0216UID: 2835630

TPO12 第一篇
Paragraph 1：We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
Paragraph 2：Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.

5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT
○ the ideal source of lighting for most engravings
○ the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
○ the prevalence of outlines of left hands
○ figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand
为什么选b。。不选c   谢谢~

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO12 第一篇( ]2 C3 P3 K! R/ g& S1 l
Paragraph 1：We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.9 r! ?% G3 }6 W3 m. Z/ U& _( x+ Z
Paragraph 2：Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.8 H' T. k6 l& c6 Z' k  l
5 y  b% {' ^8 t6 B) `8 m
5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT# J# W& b  ^' L* I3 j6 X7 }6 ~
○ the ideal source of lighting for most engravings" x* k8 d! B$ T! _: F, C1 W3 V
○ the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
○ the prevalence of outlines of left hands
○ figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand- @. B+ e) Y; ?, ]
为什么选b。。不选c   谢谢~joyce0216 发表于 2010-9-9 11:40

C对应第一段最后一句。所以不选。

选B的原因：
简单理解：原文是assumption,选项是fact，明显篡改原文。

本质理解：题干要求找evidence of right-handedness。根据上文When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. 印出来的图像是和使用的手是相反的。B选项这个陈述虽然来自原文，但是它只是这个规则之下的假设。这个假设如果成立了，恰恰证明用的是“左手”，而不是“右手”。如果要证明使用的是“右手”，印出来的样子应该是“左手”,这刚好是第一段最后一句所描述的现象。