[每日一题][ISSUE48][例子积累&讨论][20100712]

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

TODAY'S TOPIC

ISSUE48

The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.

历史研究过度强调了个人的作用。最重大的历史事件和历史趋势可能不是少数几个人造就的，而是由许许多多其身份早已经被忘记的人们造就的。

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说明：

例子积累&讨论在方式上和词句积累类似，每天都会有版主发出新的题目，同时为了抛砖引玉，会先贴一个例子来帮助大家熟悉

大家需要做的是，根据题目列出两到三个自己认为可以用的例子，并说明如何使用

需要注意的是：要争取尽量说清楚例子如何使用，这将从思维和方法上锻炼你的文章谋篇能力。

关于例子积累应当关注的内容和意义，大家可以看一下这个帖子：https://bbs.gter.net/thread-959513-1-1.html

1010G 寄托AW版备考小组的版面活动具体内容介绍和安排：https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1119718-1-1.html

同时请注意，找例子和用例子之间还需要很多练习，需要注意一下一些关键信息：
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Use Evidence
1. Offer evidence that agrees with your stance up to a point, then add to it with ideas of your own.
2. Present evidence that contradicts your stance in order to argue against (refute) it and therefore strengthen your position
3. Use sources against each other, as if they are experts on a panel discussing your proposition
4. Use quotations to support your assertion, not merely to state or restate your claim. Weak and Strong Uses of Evidence

In order to use evidence effectively, you need to integrate it smoothly into your paragraph:
1. State your claim.
2. Give your evidence, remembering to relate it to the claim.
3. Comment on the evidence to show how it supports the claim

1)Weak Use of Evidence
Today, we are too self-centered. Most families no longer sit down to eat together, preferring instead to eat on the go while rushing to the next appointment . Everything is about what we want
COMMENT:This is a weak example of evidence because the evidence is not related to the claim. What does the claim about self-centeredness have to do with families eating together? The writer doesn’t explain the connection．
The same evidence, however, can be used to support the same claim, but only with the addition of a clear connection between claim and evidence, and some analysis of the quotation's content

2)Stronger Use of Evidence
Today, Americans are too self-centered. Even our families don't matter as much anymore as they once did. Other people and activities take precedence. In fact, the evidence shows that most American families no longer eat together, preferring instead to eat on the go while rushing to the next appointment. Sit-down meals are a time to share and connect with others; however, that connection has become less valued, as families begin to prize individual activities over shared time, promoting self-centeredness over group identity．
COMMENT:This is a far better example, as the evidence is more smoothly integrated into the text, the link between the claim and the evidence is strengthened, and the evidence itself is analyzed to provide support for the claim
Discussing your evidence’s significance develops and expands a paper，Remember that your job during the course of your essay is to persuade your readers that your claims are feasible and the most effective way of interpreting the evidence

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

[抛砖引玉] MY EXAMPLE

其实每次我看到这个题目，都会直接想起一起辩论赛的一个经典辩题“是英雄造时势还是时势造英雄”，这也是我经常推荐大家在没有思路的时候可以以辩论的形式开展brainstorming，或者去看看一些国际辩论赛来提升自己对思维逻辑的敏感度。

因为内容太多我就不一一列出了 请大家Google之

ggjyUID: 2706471

【支持态度】例：
1美国统一不仅是华盛顿的功劳，更是时局各州纷纷独立后的大势所趋，各州都有贡献。
2解放黑奴不仅是林肯的造就的，也不是马丁路德金一个人推动的，而是大势所趋，随着资本原始积累阶段的完成和美国民主与法制的日益健全，黑人的权利意识加强，他们的团结让马丁路德成为万众领袖，他们的争取和努力产生巨大社会影响最终才推动林肯解放黑人奴隶宣言的发布，也是无数支持人权的人士的斗争才是黑奴彻底得到解放。
3法国资产阶级革命的胜利决不仅是一个拿破仑创造的，拿破仑失败后封建势力复辟，但是由于资产阶级的势力强大，他们不甘心于封建统治，进行了诸多斗争，经过斗争检验和历练又造就出新的领袖带领资产阶级革命走向胜利。

zhangxiaohang1UID: 2705669

杨鹏难句35：
In the early 1950's. Historians who studied preindustrial Europe( which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.

这说明直到1950年人们才看出了群众在历史中的作用。人们过于重视英雄对于历史的重要性，即大部分人认同英雄史观。第一句是对的！

拿破仑是一个典型的例子。大革命失败后的法国，内忧外患严重，督政府腐败无能，不能扭转局面，当时的法国社会正需要一个有魄力的领导人的出现，使革命成果得到巩固——这就是拿破仑能够成功的时势。至于由拿破仑充当了这个领导角色，则纯属偶然，当时即使没有拿破仑，法国也会出现一个同样的独裁者来完成其历史任务。试想一下，假如拿破仑带着他的野心出生在当今的法国，恐怕他最多也只能当一个反对党的领导人了，因为现在的法国已不是大革命时期的法国，现在的世界也不是二百年前的世界了。

英雄造时势的近代典范就存在于毛泽东选集中。毛泽东采取了发动群众，打土豪、分田地，以农村包围城市，统一战线，优待俘虏，三大纪律八项注意，建立巩固的根据地等等口号和策略。这些都是为了争取民心，积聚实力，最后在适当时机再与蒋介石决战。蒋介石也算是一个英雄人物，但是只属于时雄和奸雄这一个等级。与毛泽东这样的大英雄相比，就只能甘拜下风了。

xingfuhbjUID: 2769976

在困惑了一两个小时,持续搜索这个题相关的资料后~终于找到了心仪的例子~真是不容易啊~

1.Steven Jobs。苹果王国的缔造人。讲起苹果都只会想起他~~~但是其实很多东西他都没份~(讲的比较隐晦,这个例子想的我好苦,有兴趣的自己search一下哈~!)
不过我有点担心这个例子不算是对history的研究啊~虽然我认为只要过去了就算是history了...

2.蒸汽机也并不是由James Watt独自发明的,他是based on the simple steam engine invented by Denis Papin and the Newcomen steam engine made by Thomas Newcomen.

zhangxiaohang1UID: 2705669

5# xingfuhbj
对蒸汽机由瓦特改进的！
你准备怎么用这例子呢？你的观点是正？即过度强调了famous few？