Issue88——技术决定customs&ethics；欢迎互改

figuechenUID: 2850619

Issue88——"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
未限时 Word:630
观点：totally agree
提纲：
1. 技术决定了生活方式。
2. 技术决定了人际关系。
3. 技术决定了宗教的发展。
（以上三者直接决定了社会传统和道德规范，因此技术间接地决定了两者。）
不清楚思路和观点是否得体，感觉这篇语言有点贫乏，望各位高人指点。
    Looking back into history, we will find out that it is the improvement of technologies, which is defined as the application of science and knowledge that determines social customs and ethics. Social customs are defined as the practices common to many people; definition for ethics is the discipline dealing with what is good and what is bad. Though technologies might not be the direct cause, it is the ultimate reason to explain the transition of social customs and ethics in human society.
    First of all, it is technologies that determine the ways people live, and therefore determine social customs and ethics backhandedly. Both social customs and ethics are the common habits or disciplines accepted by large amount of people, and they can be described as the ways people regard the actions of others, in another word, the ways people live. For example, Chinese people once owned the tradition of cooking without fire on Tomb-sweeping day in memory of a celebrity. Nowadays, however, the tradition has been completely ignored and people prepare their food with fire as usual. People do not live as the same way as before, leading to the die away of this tradition. Another example is the bazaars in some rural areas in China. Villagers rushed to come together and trade their goods on a certain day to overcome the inconveniences of purchasing caused by traffic problem. In modern ages, however, people change their ways of buying daily necessities: they prefer supermarkets to bazaars in most areas where traffic problems have been solved by modern technologies. In this example, the improvement of technologies is obviously the decisive factor in reversing the social customs.
    Moreover, the technologies determine the correlation between people and therefore determine social customs and ethics. It is the relationship between people that social customs and ethics are based on, and thus the change of basis will determine the change of the two. There is a clear example that SNS websites such as Facebook and Twitter, have a decisive influence on the relationship between young people, together with their moralities and customs. Some youngsters nowadays are no longer used to chatting with familiar friends. Instead, they choose to have a live chat with people that they have never met before with the help of the Internet technology. This change of customs has been determined by the technology apparently, and has gradually altering the morality among young people, such as the understanding and acceptance of love through Internet or even one-night-stand encountered through the Internet.
    Finally, religion, one of the most important factors in determining the social customs and ethics, has been decided by technologies. We can easily understand that it is religion that determines morality, and the example is that tolerance is considered as amiable personality since both Christians and Buddhists have been told to be tolerant towards others. We can find in the history that each change in religion has been associated and caused by the improvement of technologies. One example is that the Renaissance is the result of the spread of science and technology among people in Europe and has earthshaking effects on the Christian Religion. Einstein pointed out that the science determines religion by eliminating fear, which is one of the functions of religion. His words indicate that the religion, whose adherents are usually required with a high moral code, will gradually lose the function of restricting morality among its followers, leading to a decisive change in moralities and social customs.
    To sum up, admitted that social customs and ethics are not directly influenced and determined by technologies, we can still derive from above that technologies have a decisive influence on the ways people live, the relationship between people and also the religion, which have a strong causal relationship on social customs and morality.

追梦小木耳UID: 2781857

嗯，一会来改改
PS，你老和我写一样的文~~不知道你是在我之前还是在我之后写的~~不过看完你写的，通常可以补充一下自己的文

figuechenUID: 2850619

嗯，一会来改改
PS，你老和我写一样的文~~不知道你是在我之前还是在我之后写的~~不过看完你写的，通常可以补充一下自己的文
追梦小木耳 发表于 2010-7-15 20:08

之前几篇是之后写的，不过这篇。。。我忘了，应该是之前吧~

感觉改别人的作文的时候还是要自己先写一遍，这样比较有feel哈~

shadow1987UID: 2605840

Looking back into history, we will find out that（直接入题吧，这种句子不写也罢，还不如复述一下topic） it is the improvement of technologies, which is defined as the application of science and knowledge that determines social customs and ethics. Social customs are defined as the practices common to many people; definition for ethics is the discipline dealing with what is good and what is bad. （下定义是个破题的好办法，to concrete the abstractions，但是没觉得你的定义起到了破题的作用？）Though（这个词一般放句末使语气减弱） Even if technologies might not be the direct cause, it is the ultimate reason impetus for to explain the tremendous transition of social customs and ethics in human society.（最后这句有问题，首先这是让步句，the former应该是一个更厉害的词吧，好比我说你身高没有一米九也得有一米八了吧，但是感觉不到direct和ultimate有啥关系？还有后半句有点Chinglish了吧）

First of all, it is technologies that determine the ways people live, and therefore determine social customs and ethics backhandedly（这个词从来没见过，网球里面反手击球叫backhand）. Both social customs and ethics are the common habits or disciplines accepted by large amount of people, and they（they指哪个？） can be described as the ways people regard the actions of others, in another word（用这个phrase一般得断句了，后面应该接一句完整句。）, the ways people live. For example, Chinese people once owned the tradition of cooking without fire on Tomb-sweeping day in memory of a celebrity. Nowadays, however, the tradition has been completely ignored and people prepare their food with fire as usual. People do not live as the same way as before, leading to the die away of this tradition.（没看太明白？清明节的传统跟technology有什么关系？） Another example is the bazaars in some rural areas in old China. To overcome the inconveniences of purchasing caused by traffic problem, Villagers usually rushed to a particular bazaar come together and trade traded their goods on a certain day. to overcome the inconveniences of purchasing caused by traffic problem.（尾巴太长了，放前面表个目的吧） In modern ages, however, people have change changed their ways of buying daily necessities: they prefer supermarkets to bazaars in most areas where traffic problems have been solved by modern technologies. In this example case, the improvement of technologies is obviously the decisive factor in reversing the social customs.

Moreover, the technologies determine the correlation relations between among people and therefore determine social customs and ethics. It（It refers to？） is the relationship between people that social customs and ethics are based on, and thus the change of basis will determine the change of the two. There is a clear example that SNS websites such as Facebook and Twitter, have a decisive influence on the relationship between young people, together with their moralities and customs. Some youngsters nowadays are no longer used to chatting with familiar friends.,Instead instead, they choose to have a live chat with people that they have never met before with the help of the Internet technology. （这个例子，呵呵，还真不太有说服力呢，即便在网上我也更愿意跟familiar friends聊天啊）This change of customs has been determined by the technology apparently, and has gradually altering the morality among young people, such as the understanding and acceptance of love through Internet or even one-night-stand encountered through the Internet.（最后这个点还不错哦，从这个点写，把morality 和understanding and acceptance of love再说开一点，是个好例子）

Finally, religion, one of the most important factors in determining the social customs and ethics, has been decided by technologies. We can easily understand that it is religion that determines morality, and the example is that tolerance is considered as amiable personality since both Christians and Buddhists have been told to be tolerant towards each others. We can find in the history that each change in religion has been associated with and or even caused by the improvement of technologies. （有个递进的关系在里面）One example is that the Renaissance is the result of the spread of science and technology among people in Europe and has earthshaking effects on the Christian Religion. Einstein pointed out that the science determines religion by eliminating fear, which is one of the functions of religion（科学决定宗教？决定宗教的什么？怎么决定？没表达清楚）. His words indicate that the religions, whose while their adherents are usually required with a high strict moral code, will gradually lose the function of restricting morality among its their followers. leading to And the consequences will lead to a decisive change in moralities and social customs.（run-on sentence！）

To sum up, admitted that social customs and ethics are not directly influenced and determined by technologies, we can still derive from （这个词组一般用作derive sth. from facts\books\data，你可以写，derive a conclusion that blah blah blah from what I have analyzed above） above that technologies have a decisive influence on the ways people live, the relationship between people and also the religion（没看懂，你是想说人们和宗教的关系？删掉“also the”还是想说人们之间的关系，和宗教之间的关系？religion复数！）,which have a strong causal relationship on with social customs and morality.

Shadow:
1：LZ很有自己想法！但是用文字表达得不充分，明显感觉你想说点什么，差一点就是说不出来，郁闷呐= =！
2：有些词组的使用感觉有点问题，很多词和词组的使用我也还在摸索，多看native speaker的文吧，共勉！
3：使用例子论证还不够充分，蜻蜓点水，缺少persuasive的details，和思路联系还应更紧一点！加油！

figuechenUID: 2850619

Looking back into history, we will find out that（直接入题吧，这种句子不写也罢，还不如复述一下topic） it is the improvement of technologies, which is defined as the application of science and knowledg ...
shadow1987 发表于 2010-7-15 22:59

非常感谢你的修改哈~有很多例子确实应该多加一些解释的reasoning来让它看起来更完善~

清明节的那个例子我想表达的就是，随着技术的进步，人们已经放弃了原先的习俗和传统
另外最后一段，我是总结了上面三个分论点：技术决定生活方式，技术决定人际关系，技术决定宗教（发展），又由在各自段落中提到的生活方式、人际关系和宗教决定了社会习俗和道德传统，所以综上得到技术决定社会习俗和道德传统。可能词不达意了吧

词组的运用确实很不到位哈~我要回去认真改改~谢了~Really appreciate your advice~

hyacinthUID: 2184492

技术决定了宗教的发展。
figuechen 发表于 2010-7-15 19:19

seriously?

like how?

basically i have some difficulties understanding all you said in the 3rd paragraph in your body

shadow1987UID: 2605840

5# figuechen

清明节中国传统式不用火做饭，后来技术进步了，清明节人们开始跟平时一样用火做饭了？？It doesn't make sense!!求解~

figuechenUID: 2850619

5# figuechen

清明节中国传统式不用火做饭，后来技术进步了，清明节人们开始跟平时一样用火做饭了？？It doesn't make sense!!求解~
shadow1987 发表于 2010-7-16 10:29

清明又称寒食，古来有在当天不生火，只吃冷食的传统。但随着科技的发展和时代的进步，人们已经抛弃了这个不合时宜的风俗

figuechenUID: 2850619

seriously?

like how?

basically i have some difficulties understanding all you said in the 3rd paragraph in your body
hyacinth 发表于 2010-7-16 09:27

科技的进步产生了文艺复兴，冲破了中世纪黑暗教会的统治，紧接着诞生了马丁路德的宗教改革。爱因斯坦认为，宗教有两个function:1.fear 2.morality 随着技术的进步，宗教的第一个功能愈发减弱，导致第二个功能也开始淡化。就好比，做坏事的时候教徒总是会有所顾虑，而非教徒则肆无忌惮，现在的社会有这样的倾向。

追梦小木耳UID: 2781857

Looking back into history, we will find out that it is the improvement of technologies, which is defined as the application of science and knowledge that determines social customs and ethics. Social customs are defined as the practices common to many people; definition for ethics is the discipline dealing with what is good and what is bad. Though technologies might not be the direct cause, it is the ultimate essential

reason to explain the transition of social customs and ethics in human society.
    First of all, it is technologies that determine the ways people live, and therefore determine social customs and ethics backhandedly. Both social customs and ethics are the common habits or disciplines accepted by large amount of people, and they can be described as the ways in which (更明确一些)people regard the actions of others, in another word, the ways people live. For example, Chinese people once owned the tradition of cooking without fire on Tomb-sweeping day in memory of a celebrity. Nowadays, however, the tradition has been completely ignored and people prepare their food with fire as usual. 用火做饭这个例子不合适了，是因为技术进步才改变传统的吗？火不是原始人就会用了吗？People do not live as the same way as before, leading to the die dying away of this tradition. Another example is the bazaars in some rural areas in China. Villagers rushed to come together and trade their goods on a certain day to overcome the inconveniences of purchasing caused by traffic problem. In modern ages, however, people have changed change their ways of buying purchasing daily necessities: they prefer supermarkets to bazaars in most areas where traffic problems have been solved by modern technologies. In this example, the improvement of technologies is obviously the decisive factor in reversing the social customs.
    Moreover, the technologies determine the correlation between people and therefore determine social customs and ethics. It is the relationship between people that social customs and ethics are based on, and thus the change of basis will determine the change of the two. There is a clear example that SNS websites such as Facebook and Twitter, have a decisive influence on the relationship between young people, together with their moralities and customs. Some youngsters nowadays are no longer used to chatting with familiar friends. Instead, they choose to have a live chat with people that they have never met before with the help of the Internet technology. This change of customs has been determined by the technology apparently, and has gradually altering the morality among young people, such as the understanding and acceptance of love through Internet or even one-night-stand encountered through the Internet.我觉得没有说清楚决定人们的ethics。你前面说了ethics的定义是判断是与非的道德观。但是爱情应该不涉及道德吧，相爱的方式顶多算做习俗。就算你把爱情当做习俗来说了，也只能说技术改变了传统的相爱方式，但也不足以说明其决定作用啊，难道现在大家都用这种方式恋爱吗？也只是少部分人呀。
    Finally, religion, one of the most important factors in determining the social customs and ethics, has been decided by technologies. We can easily understand that it is religion that determines morality, and the example is that tolerance is considered as amiable personality since both Christians and Buddhists have been told to be tolerant towards others. We can find in the history that each change in religion has been associated and caused by the improvement of technologies. One example is that the Renaissance is the result of the spread of science and technology among people in Europe and has earthshaking effects on the Christian Religion. Einstein pointed out that the science determines religion by eliminating fear, which is one of the functions of religion. His words indicate that the religion, whose adherents are usually required with a high moral code, will gradually lose the function of restricting morality among its followers, leading to a decisive change in moralities and social customs.
这一段把科学和技术混为一谈了。科学发展证明了无神论，也促进了技术的进步，但是你不能说技术的进步就揭示了无神论。技术是应用的，科学是理论吧。
    To sum up, admitted that social customs and ethics are not directly influenced and determined by technologies, we can still derive from above that technologies have a decisive influence on the ways people live, the relationship between people and also the religion, which have a strong causal relationship on social customs and morality.

总的来说，我觉得你没有把影响和决定这两个概念搞清楚，你找的三个论点都是表面上的影响、改变，并没有决定性的作用，尤其是题目中的ethics,涉及人们的价值观。Tradition也不只是传统的习俗啊，也包括传统的观念。因此我说正如你论证的那样技术确实改变了人们的生活方式，对传统和道德观有影响，但是你没有论述技术有没有从根本上改变、创造人们的价值观。

追梦小木耳UID: 2781857

我前一段时间写的，写的很纠结
其实我觉得技术可以改变习俗，但是改变不了道德伦理


科技确实影响习俗伦理，但是不能决定，反而受制约。
（1）影响。科技进步提供了可能。
（2）但是不能决定。因为人们的习俗伦理是经过千年的发展形成的，如果改变会遭到反对。（3）习俗道德约束科技发展，使其向有利方向发展，如克隆器官、动物。。。

It is universally acknowledged that the roaring development of technology has greatly influenced our society, changing our traditional view toward the world. While no matter how powerful technologies are, they would hardly determine social customs and ethics, which are founded on the thousands of years’ cultural history. Actually, it is the social customs and ethics determine the development of technologies by limiting them to a certain area.

The profound influence brought by technologies could hardly be replaced by any other aspects in modern society, which have been constantly changing the way in which we live. The appearance of cell phones and the Internet connect people all over the world, making far-distant communication possible. In ancient times, children seldom left home even when they had grown up in case of losing touch with families. While, at present, the situation is totally improved by various available means of communication and transport. On every New Year Eve, families would get together according to customs thanks to airplanes which make it possible even if every family member lives separately in different countries.

In spite of the significance of technologies, which only have a history of several hundreds of years, they can hardly challenge the customs and ethics, which are established on the thousands years of development of human civilizations. Even if technologies could bring all kinds of convenience and entertainment to enrich our lives, it could still not determine the relationship between every individual. As for our families, which plays a key role in our lives, could never be replaced by robots, who could serve anything but love or friendship, who could provide a variety of entertainment but fail to avoid us from loneliness. In recent years, the techniques such as test-tube baby meet many peoples’ desire to become parents. These methods change the way in which people conceive babies, but nothing would change our custom to breed and raise the next generations. No matter how technologies developed and changed the way in which we live, our customs and ethics that have been followed by millions of people for thousands of years can not be determined.

On the contrary, the development of technologies is limited and controlled by our customs and ethics. It remains controversial when techniques are concerned with traditional ethics. We may cite a single example as human cloning, which was prohibited in any nations. The technique is entirely against human ethics and would not be accepted by the general people. However, cloning can be used to produce cloning organs for patients, which is in accordance with ethics as to save people’s lives. If the ethics does not set limits to technologies, the order of society would be totally ruined. In this case, every one could take advantage of latest technology to commit crimes and start wars. Besides, the appearance of technologies against human ethic would trigger large amount of disputes, and can hardly accepted by mainstream society, which in the end will be given up. Overall, it is the social ethics that direct the development of technologies to benefit humans.

To sum up, there exists no doubt that technologies have extensive influences on society. They have even been changing the way how people live. Whereas, never can it determine our customs and ethics. What we should do is to take full use of technology to improve people’s life.

hyacinthUID: 2184492

科技的进步产生了文艺复兴，冲破了中世纪黑暗教会的统治，紧接着诞生了马丁路德的宗教改革。爱因斯坦认为，宗教有两个function:1.fear 2.morality 随着技术的进步，宗教的第一个功能愈发减弱，导致第二个功能也开 ...
figuechen 发表于 2010-7-16 14:00

我这么说吧。。。你给了一大堆的例子或者说名人的观点  实在还是看不出来这个和ETHIC有什么关系。。。
你直接给了结论但是没有给推出结论的过程。。。

而且文艺复兴是被科技进步带动的么?

figuechenUID: 2850619

我这么说吧。。。你给了一大堆的例子或者说名人的观点  实在还是看不出来这个和ETHIC有什么关系。。。
你直接给了结论但是没有给推出结论的过程。。。

而且文艺复兴是被科技进步带动的么?
hyacinth 发表于 2010-7-16 22:36

确实，在这方面我词不达意了。。。这篇要大改，改的时候我会注意例子的说明的~非常感谢您的意见~

figuechenUID: 2850619

我前一段时间写的，写的很纠结
其实我觉得技术可以改变习俗，但是改变不了道德伦理


科技确实影响习俗伦理，但是不能决定，反而受制约。
（1）影响。科技进步提供了可能。
（2）但是不能决定。因为人们的习俗 ...
追梦小木耳 发表于 2010-7-16 22:02

这篇写得相当好啊~写得很有观点，很有辩证性。

就是第一部分写科技影响习俗的时候感觉用的例子有点弱，说理也欠着一些。这些例子很多可以再找找。另外第二部分的内容让我想到了我看到的另一个提纲：技术只能改变习俗的表现方式，而不能表现习俗本身。比如重阳节的时候，以前我们会登高望远，思念故乡的家人；而现在我们则是打电话回家，也是思念家人。只不过技术让这种习俗的表现方式有所改变。我看了觉得挺有启发的~

最近挺忙的，没有时间细改这篇了，大概看了一下觉得还是相当不错的~共同进步啦~