【10G10Hawk】8月3日任务——issue40

finalleUID: 2812504

TOPIC: ISSUE40 - "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
WORDS: 485          TIME: 01:03:20          DATE: 2010/8/3 22:59:20

Many people argue that scholars and researchers should make contribution to the issues that may contribute most to the human society rather than to select the researcher fields by their own interest. This statement seems rational at first glance. However, an precarious situtation has been appeared from the different identifications of the term "contribution" because different people has different comprehension toward the standards of this term. In order to preclude the confusions of the above argument, many people declares that providing the scholars and researchers with the opportuinty to select their researche fields should benefit the evolution of human world in the long run.
Firstly, it is no doubt that some subjects help push the developing of society forward. From the reality angle, government and international institution have more interest in investing the subjects which can help solve certain social problems and their outcomes can apply to society at once. For example,  many scholars and researchers are studying the ways to solve the air pollution, in order to reduce the impacts on our world of air pollution as much as possible. However, the research contributions to the community are uncertain before the end. The discovery of electricity is a case in point. When the scientist first found the phenomena of electricity, some reporters asked him to predict the potential use of it. The scientist replied like this: could you predict the contribution of a man when he was just a baby? As time passes, electricity becomes one of the fundamental factors in people's everyday life in modern world.
Secondly, as often mentioned, the main purpose of research is to help human beings understand the unkown things. Admittedly, from this point of view, almost all research are beneficial to our society to get people use the knowledge to explore and change the world. Consider, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel. For instance, Einstein Albert who simply put his effort in the theoretical physics eventually promoted the advances in natural science. Watt James who just interested in the mechanism of the steam engine eventually propelled the Industrial Revolution in the eighteen century.
Finally, of course, scholars and researchers should consider the likely effects on the society. And their research should not cause serious problems in society. Clone of Human is an example. Although some scientists have strong interests in cloning human beings, they should not do that, because such research will cause many problems in ethics and morality.
In sum, history informs us that a lot of greatness, beyond people’s ken, cannot be recognized by its contemporary society, stemming from limitation of traditions and conventional wisdom. We have to assign priority to the most profitable research on the basis of the scant resources. Talents should be guided, but not by what people think they ought to do, but by the value others attach on the results which scientists aim.
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自改1

Many people argue that scholars and researchers should make contribution to the issues that may contribute most to the human society rather than to select the researcher fields by their own interest. This statement seems rational at first glance. However, an precarious situtation
appeared from the different identifications of the term "contribution"
because different people has different comprehension toward the standards of this term. In order to preclude the confusions of the above argument, many people declares that providing the scholars and researchers with the opportuinty to select their
research
fields should benefit the evolution of human world in the long run.
Firstly, it is no doubt that some subjects help push the developing of society forward. From the reality angle, government and international institution have more interest in investing the subjects which can help solve certain social problems and their outcomes can apply to society at once. For example,  many scholars and researchers are studying the ways to solve the air pollution, in order to reduce the impacts on our world of air pollution as much as possible. However, the research contributions to the community are uncertain before the end. The discovery of electricity is a case in point.When the scientist first found the phenomena of electricity, some reporters asked him to predict the potential use of it. The scientist replied like this: could you predict the contribution of a man when he was just a baby?As time passes, electricity becomes one of the fundamental factors in people's everyday life in modern world.
Secondly, as often mentioned, the main purpose of research is to help human beings understand the unknown things. Admittedly, from this point of view, almost all research are beneficial to our society to get people use the knowledge to explore and change the world. Consider, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel.For instance, Albert Einstein who simply put his effort in the theoretical physics eventually promoted the advances in natural science. Watt James who just interested in the mechanism of the steam engine eventually propelled the Industrial Revolution in the eighteen century.
Finally, of course, scholars and researchers should consider the likely effects on the society. And their research should not cause serious problems
to society. Clone of Human is an example. Although some scientists have strong interests in cloning human beings, they should not do that, because such research will cause many problems in ethics and morality.
In sum, history informs us that a lot of greatness, beyond people’s ken, cannot be recognized by its contemporary society, stemming from limitation of traditions and conventional wisdom. We have to assign priority to the most profitable research on the basis of the scant resources. Talents should be guided, but not by what people think they ought to do, but by the value others attach on the results which scientists aim.

finalleUID: 2812504

一改




The author claims that for scholars and researchers, it is more important to achive their own goals of interests【倒有点像在说利益】 no matter how unusual or idiosyncratic the interests are. However, should it be able to put this behavior above the desire of making a contribution to the larger society【和什么对比更大的社会？】?

From the analytical perspective, indeed, for the researchers and scholars, interest is their best guide which gives them enthusiasm to study and to be the paramount impetus of research. Without it, scientists perhaps【这个一般用开头，感觉用 may更好】 get influenced by lack of inspiration. Being apatheic【这是什么单词】 to research and the complexity of study itself consequently become the restrain to innovation, which is not the final end we expect to see. Furthermore, discoveries are always conceived【在意外中孕育构想？还是用from？】 in accidents. Only motivated by interest and inclination can scholars and researchers enhance their academic capacity to pursuit their own dream. For instant, date back hundreds of years ago, the Whites, motivated by the ambition to fly finally thrived the civilization. Without a strong willing of realizing idea, the Whites couldn't probably fulfill this work.

However, it doesn't mean that one's interests are in all of the above, at least not above social interests. First and foremost, there is one thing we should recognize that as a scholars or researchers【单复数问题】, not normal person who loves to do some experiments, they have the ability to do something over all society even for the humanity. Government supports them with a large numbers of finance, this is not for them to satisfy their own interests, if so, everyone could ask government for money. Making a contribution to the larger society indicates the study and research done by the scholars is beneficial to people's lives, which is undoubtedly historic. Since once as an "ist", he or she is no longer an ordinary people but someone who may possible influence the public through any behaviors he or she has done.【这句话写的挺好的，但是和前面的意思重复了不是吗？感觉最后结尾用就行了】 Thus, it is the society's benefits that above scholars and researchers' own interests.

Secondly, there are many scientific developments done by scholars and researchers may harm the democratic essence: freedom, peace and respect. We have on idea whether a scientist's next study is within the scope of the moral. Given one of the most famous examples that scientists invented the cloning technology, which turns out to be this kind of technology that triggered another thought-provoking ethical issues of human. And as a result, this experiment caused the first relevant legal document in 1998: violation of the ethics of human cloning should be strictly prohibited. What's more, there are some researches and development done by some investigators harm the humans' lives instead of setting for the step of human society【创建社会的步骤？】. In some circumstances, people may do some unethical experiments due to their own profits while their interests are out of the line of morality. And such researches even harm the peace and freedom which we always pursue. Therefore in my view chances are that tragedy happens if we let scholars and researchers pursue their individual interests however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.

To sum, the pursuing of scholars and researchers' individual interests is a strong power for them to explore, but progresses in every field rely on a notion that no harm to human society, especially when the person who called "ist" and being respected by the masses. In this context can scholars and researchers pursue their individual interests.

finalleUID: 2812504

改文share童鞋


When looking back to history, there are many people who were not famous, poor, even criticized by experts in his or her times for their so called useless inventions, theories and researches, then were proved to be the most important and shaking scientists who have thrown a light to our world.【开头太长了，容易让人看糊涂，有点指代不明。】Nobody knows what will happen in the future, the scientists’ work, even seemed【加to】 mean nothing at that time, and may also shake the whole human history. Contribution is what a thing【one thing that或者这样？】 beyond our imagination and prediction. As a result, I agree with what the title statement shows, “Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem", although it also contains some flaws.


As for an individual, pursuing his dream, as well as interests is both significant and fun. There is a well-known quote telling us “Yesterday is a memory, tomorrow is a dream, just live for today.” Life is too short to hesitate, everyone, including scientists, has right to do what he wants, as long as his aim is not to hurt other people, to get happiness and satisfaction. On a humane side, one who can persist in achieving one’s dream( of course the dream is not harmful), is absolutely successful and worth admiring.
【把追求爱好和梦想连接在一起，写的很好】

As scholars and researchers, one【用he？】 has responsibility to use his research fruit to decorate the world. However, pursuing their individual interests could make it【it指代不明】 more efficient. It is known to all that ensusiasm【拼写错误】 is the most important fuel for a scientist, and what bring the ensusiasm（enthusiasm）? Interests. Edison’s inventions are from interests. When he was young, he uses【时态used】 the things coming from rubbish to create things, and was hit to deaf on one of his ears. However, he had never given up and continues pursuing his individual interests to invent things so that we could have so many unbelievable conveniences today. Stephen Hawking can also serve as an example. His work, to date, remains unproved, preventing him from receiving Nobel Prize. However, he didn’t give up, either. He is keeping on doing his research by the stimulus of his interests as a disabled man. Hawking has made his reputation by investigating, in great detail, one particular set of problems: the singularity and horizons around black holes and at the beginning of time. His book, A Brief History of Time, is available in paperback and has sold in excess of 10 million copies, contributing greatly to the world. What if he has no interests in his field? Can he still be so important now? Or if he only concerned what other people thought about him, will he have the spirit for his research?


However, although interests has contributed a lot to the research, consequently produced substantial social benefits. If not be limited, it has also caused several troubling ethical problems. Public attention was drawn to reported abuses of human subjects in biomedical experiments, especially during the Second World War. The physicians and scientists who had conducted biomedical experiments on concentration camp prisoners were judged guilty in trials. If it is the case, we have no reason to say that pursuing individual interests is always right. For this kind of persuits would damage our world, create some trouble, even tragedies, this is quite ture on the question of wars, as mentioned above..


To sum up, I agree with the statement on the basis that the end consequence of this kind of free research leading by interests of scientists should be useful, at least, not harmful to the world. We are all dreaming of creating a bright future, aren’t we？【反问结尾很有力】

agnes2010UID: 2794922

小组加油！！！！

agnes2010UID: 2794922

TOPIC: ISSUE40 - "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
WORDS: 560
TIME: 00:48:08
DATE: 2010-8-3 22:25:45

The speaker assumes that scholars and researchers should place their individual interests first while their contribution to the whole society should not be highly emphasized. However, from my perspective, though individual interests do play an important role in one's development and achievement, when doing researches, scholars and researchers must be concerned with their contribution to the larger society on top of the list.

Individual interests are the state of curiosity or concern about or attention to something. When one's interest on something is aroused, it is much more likely for him to do a good job or achieve a goal than the time when he loses any interest. That is to say, individual interests provide people with the enthusiasm to do everything, no matter how tough it is. What's more, Einstein once said, "Interest is the best teacher of everything," leaving us the thought that interests can cultivate people's ideas and ability of innovation, which will determine their performance under any circumstance.

As we all know, many artists are all of great imagination and have individual interests on art, which directly leads to their wonderful achievements on the field of art. Van Gogh, the brilliant painter, was keen on color and such interest allows him to achieve his present fame all over the world. Therefore, it is important for artists to play full advantage of their individual interests.

However, when it comes to the scholars and researches, individual interests should be considered not as important as that of artists or others. Since scholars and researches are acting on researches which are always related to hundreds or even millions of people, it is better for them to leave their individual interests behind. For example, when a politician is conducting a national policy related to the housing price, he/she should not think about what policy can bring benefits to his/her family but consider what policy can help release the burden of the ordinary people and contribute to establish a harmonious society. Their concerns with the whole society should be second to none when doing researches or making decisions.

Furthermore, scholars and researchers should be highly aware of the significance of their contribution to the larger society, avoiding doing anything in their individual interests and at the mercy of the interests of other people. Take the 2009 movie "Splice" as an example, in this film, Elsa and Clive, 2 young rebellious scientists, defy legal and ethical boundaries and forge ahead with a dangerous experiment: splicing together human and animal DNA to create a new organism, which finally cause plenty of problems threatening the existence of human. Elsa and Clive are so interested in splice that they haven't taken the hazards of such experiment into consideration, which eventually bring tragedy to themselves and others. We can draw a conclusion from this that individual interests alone can always cover the eye of scholars and researchers, it is only with the concerns about the whole society that will help them to make great achievements both beneficial to themselves and other people.

In sum, the speaker' statement has its own merits but has gone to an extreme. I believe that though individual interests are essential for scholars and researches, the public good should not be left behind. Only with the concerns about the larger society can scholars and researchers make great achievements in everyone's interest.

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自改一

The speaker assumes that scholars and researchers should place their individual interests first while their contribution to the whole society should not be highly emphasized. However, from my perspective, though individual interests do play an important role in one's development and achievement, when doing researches, scholars and researchers must be concerned with their contribution to the larger society on top of the list.

Individual interests are the state of curiosity or concern about or attention to something. When one's interest on something is aroused, it is much more likely for him to do a good job or achieve a goal. That is to say, individual interests provide people with the enthusiasm to do everything, no matter how tough it is. What's more, Einstein once said, "Interest is the best teacher of everything," leaving us the thought that interests can cultivate people's ideas and ability of innovation, which will determine their performance under any circumstance. As we all know, many artists are all of great imagination and have individual interests on art, which directly leads to their wonderful achievements on the field of art. Van Gogh, the brilliant painter, was keen on color and such interest allows him to achieve his present fame all over the world. Therefore, it is important for artists to play full advantage of their individual interests.

However, when it comes to the scholars and researches, individual interests should be considered not as important as that of artists or others. Since scholars and researches are acting on researches which are always related to hundreds or even millions of people, it is better for them to leave their individual interests behind. For example, when a politician is conducting a national policy related to the housing price, he/she should not think about what policy can bring benefits to his/her family but consider the macro situation according to most people's interests, which might sometimes ruin his/her thought, thus releasing the burden of the ordinary people and contribute to establish a harmonious society. Their concerns with the whole society should be second to none when doing researches or making decisions.

Furthermore, scholars and researchers should be highly aware of the significance of their contribution to the larger society, avoiding doing anything in their individual interests and at the mercy of the interests of other people. Take the 2009 movie "Splice" as an example, in this film, Elsa and Clive, 2 young rebellious scientists, defy legal and ethical boundaries and forge ahead with a dangerous experiment: splicing together human and animal DNA to create a new organism, which finally cause plenty of problems threatening the existence of human. Elsa and Clive are so interested in splice that they haven't taken the hazards of such experiment into consideration, which eventually bring tragedy to themselves and others. [疑问：用比较主观的商业片来做例子，是否有失客观性？]We can draw a conclusion from this that individual interests alone can always cover the eye of scholars and researchers, it is only with the concerns about the whole society that will help them to make great achievements both beneficial to themselves and other people.

In sum, the speaker' statement has its own merits but has gone to an extreme. I believe that though individual interests are essential for scholars and researches, the public good should not be left behind. Only with the concerns about the larger society can scholars and researchers make great achievements in everyone's interest.

agnes2010UID: 2794922

改[15]

TOPIC: ISSUE40 - "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
WORDS: 448
TIME: 00:44:18
DATE: 2010-8-3 15:50:39

green- 语法错误
blue-好词好句
red-不理解的地方
purple-建议

The speaker asserts that the scholars' and researchers' individual interests no matter they are unusual or idiosyncratic or not, should be precedence over whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society when they are concerned. I find the speaker has emphasized the importance of interests, while overlooked[overlooking] the consequence of them, or he/she has decisively considered all the outcomes of scientific researches are useful to society or human beings.

First of all, I concede the importance of the interests. And as the famous saying goes "Interest is the best teacher", a man can make any accomplishment in his field when he loses the interest in it. To wit it in action, on[one] needs to pay attention to Leibniz, a prominent philosopher and mathematician. In spite of poverty and aloofness throughout most of his life and only few people attended his funeral after his death, he had made grand contribution to the history of mathematic and philosophy by the aid of his strong interest. It is the same situation to Einstein, his interests helped him introduced the theory relativity.[例子好！学习~] Thus, the famous accomplishment in science and, even other fields, are usually based on the interests of individuals.
兴趣的重要性。

However, we can neglect the contribution to the larger society which was made by scholars and researchers[can?]. Their current researches can reflect their interests in some tune, if they are not interesting what they are researching at hand, why they focus on it? Especially, the results of their research have contributed to the larger society; I believe without the driving of interest, the result of their research will be fruitless.
研究者只有对研究有兴趣才会去做研究。

Moreover, when it comes to the scientific research and the interests of scholars and researcher, we should draw attention to what field they are working.【这个首句有点不明确，我的第一感觉是下面要分类讨论在什么领域下兴趣最为重要，建议做适当的改动】 Although most of the scientific researches are should be supported[are should be?], some researches have transgressed the morality and ethnics, such as human cloning, and the result of some researches still have not proved or can not be explicable, such as transgenic plants and GM food, there are some researches are conducive to development of human and can save large number of energies, such as nuclear, but if it is misused, they will bring severe disastrous. It is, therefore, not rational for us to excessively and blindly concern with what are the interests of the scholars and researchers. What the researches will bring to human may be more important in a manner.
研究者做了什么比他们的贡献更为重要。

In conclusion, the interests of scientific research are always good things, but more assessment must be carried out before realizing them and putting them into practice. Perhaps, we can’t immediately benefit from some researches in some scholars' interests, but it will be likely to fulfill in foreseeing future and serve humanity.
【这篇文章例子好棒~学习中！不过我看了几遍还是没有理清整篇文章想要表达的观点...也许是我理解力不够吧，只是觉得开头 中间 结尾都在指向不同的观点。】

==============================

改[10]

green- 语法错误
blue-好词好句
red-不理解的地方
purple-建议

The author claims that for scholars and researchers, it is more important to achive their own goals of interests no matter how unusual or idiosyncratic the interests are. However, should it be able to put this behavior above the desire of making a contribution to the larger society?【反问的用法值得学习~】

From the analytical perspective, indeed, for the researchers and scholars, interest is their best guide which gives them enthusiasm to study and to be the paramount impetus of research. Without it, scientists may get influenced by lack of inspiration. Being apatheic to research and the complexity of study itself consequently become the restrain to innovation, which is not the final end we expect to see. Furthermore, discoveries are always conceived in accidents. Only motivated by interest and inclination can scholars and researchers enhance their academic capacity to pursuit their own dream. For instant, date back hundreds of years ago, the Whites, motivated by the ambition to fly finally thrived the civilization. Without a strong willing of realizing idea, the Whites couldn't probably fulfill this work.【分析interest的重要性~有层次，例子也不错~值得学习！】

However, it doesn't mean that one's interests are in all of the above, at least not above social interests. First and foremost, there is one thing we should recognize that as a scholar or researcher, not normal person who loves to do some experiments, they have the ability to do something over all society even for the humanity. Government supports them with a large numbers of finance, this is not for them to satisfy their own interests, if so, everyone could ask government for money. Making a contribution to the larger society indicates the study and research done by the scholars is beneficial to people's lives, which is undoubtedly historic. Therefore since once as an "ist", he or she is no longer an ordinary people but someone who may possible influence the public through any behaviors he or she has done. It is the society's benefits that above scholars and researchers' own interests.【社会的interest高于个人interest，重点放在了分析上，虽然没有例子支撑，不过感觉很有力度】

Secondly, there are many scientific developments done by scholars and researchers may harm the democratic essence: freedom, peace and respect. We have on idea whether a scientist's next study is within the scope of the moral. Given one of the most famous examples that scientists invented the cloning technology, which turns out to be this kind of technology that triggered another thought-provoking ethical issues of human. And as a result, this experiment caused the first relevant legal document in 1998: violation of the ethics of human cloning should be strictly prohibited. What's more, there are some researches done by some investigators harm the humans' lives instead of developing for the step of human society. In some circumstance, people may do some unethical experiments due to their own profits while their interests are out of the line of morality. And such researches even harm the peace and freedom which we always pursue. Thus in my view chances are that tragedy happens if we let scholars and researchers pursue their individual interests however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.【以个人兴趣做研究带来的tragedy，Maggie的论述好漂亮，例子也找的好，之前你说我的splice的例子比较主观，我也觉得，可是就是找不到好的例子，现在看到你的，觉得很值得学习呢！】

To sum, the pursuing of scholars and researchers' individual interests is a strong power for them to explore, but progresses in every field rely on a notion that no harm to human society, especially when the person who called "ist" and being respected by the masses. In this context can scholars and researchers pursue their individual interests.

【psmaggie写的真的很好啊~ 整篇都在学习~~提不出什么建议~见谅啊...】

sharonyeUID: 2862009

Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
When looking back to history, there are many people who were not famous, poor, even criticized by experts in his or her times for their so called useless inventions, theories and researches, then were proved to be the most important and shaking scientists
who have thrown a light to our world. Nobody knows what will happen in the future, the scientists’ work, even seemed mean nothing at that time, may also shake the whole human history. Contribution is what a thing beyond our imagination and prediction. As a result, I agree with what the title statement shows, “ scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem", although it also contains some flaws.
As for an individual, pursuing his dream, as well as interests is both significant and fun. There is a well-known quote telling us “Yesterday is a memory, tomorrow is a dream, just live for today.” Life is too short to hesitate, everyone, including scientists,
has right to do what he wants, as long as his aim is not to hurt other people, to get happiness and satisfaction. On a humane side, one who can persist in achieving one’s dream( of course the dream is not harmful), is absolutely succeessful and worth admiring.
As scholars and researchers, one has responsibility to use his research fruit to decorate the world. However, pursuing their individual interests, could make it more efficient. It is known to all that ensusiasm is the most important fuel for a scientist, and what bring the ensusiasm? Interests. Edison’s inventions are from interests. When he was young, he use the things coming from rubbish to create things, and was hit to deaf on one of his ears. However, he had never gived up and continue pursuing his individual interests to invent things so that we could have so many unbelievable convenience today. Stephen Hawking can also served as an example. His work, to date, remains unproved , preventing him from receiving Nobel Prize. However, he didn’t give up, either . He is keeping on doing his research by the stimulus of his interests as a disabled man. Hawking has made his reputation by investigating, in great detail, one particular set of problems: the singularity and horizons around black holes and at the beginning of time. His book, A Brief History of Time, is available in paperback and has sold in excess of 10 million copies, contributing greatly to the world. What if he has no interests in his field? Can he still be so important now? Or if he only concerned what other people thought about him, will he have the spirit for his research?

However, although interests has contributed a lot to the reseach, concequently produced substantial social benefits. If not be limited, it has also posed several troubling ethical problems. Public attention was drawn to reported abuses of human subjects in biomedical experiments, especially during the Second World War. The physicians and scientists who had conducted biomedical experiments on concentration camp prisoners were judged guilty in trials. If it is the case, we have no reason to say that pursuing individual interests is always right.
To sum up, I would like to say the flaw of the statement is that the consequence of the scientists’ interests was ignored. If we are sure the aim of the scientists is not harmful, we can be in stand of the researchers’ side to support them to pursue their real dreams.
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一改
When looking back to history, there are many people who were not famous, poor, even criticized by experts in his or her times for their so called useless inventions, theories and researches, then were proved to be the most important and shaking scientists who have thrown a light to our world. Nobody knows what will happen in the future, the scientists’ work, even seemed mean nothing at that time, and may also shake the whole human history. Contribution is what a thing beyond our imagination and prediction. As a result, I agree with what the title statement shows, “Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem", although it also contains some flaws.


As for an individual, pursuing his dream, as well as interests is both significant and fun. There is a well-known quote telling us “Yesterday is a memory, tomorrow is a dream, just live for today.” Life is too short to hesitate, everyone, including scientists, has right to do what he wants, as long as his aim is not to hurt other people, to get happiness and satisfaction. On a humane side, one who can persist in achieving one’s dream( of course the dream is not harmful), is absolutely successful and worth admiring.

As scholars and researchers, one has responsibility to use his research fruit to decorate the world. However, pursuing their individual interests could make it more efficient. It is known to all that ensusiasm is the most important fuel for a scientist, and what bring the ensusiasm（enthusiasm）? Interests. Edison’s inventions are from interests. When he was young, he uses the things coming from rubbish to create things, and was hit to deaf on one of his ears. However, he had never given up and continues pursuing his individual interests to invent things so that we could have so many unbelievable conveniences today. Stephen Hawking can also serve as an example. His work, to date, remains unproved, preventing him from receiving Nobel Prize. However, he didn’t give up, either. He is keeping on doing his research by the stimulus of his interests as a disabled man. Hawking has made his reputation by investigating, in great detail, one particular set of problems: the singularity and horizons around black holes and at the beginning of time. His book, A Brief History of Time, is available in paperback and has sold in excess of 10 million copies, contributing greatly to the world. What if he has no interests in his field? Can he still be so important now? Or if he only concerned what other people thought about him, will he have the spirit for his research?


However, although interests has contributed a lot to the research, consequently produced substantial social benefits. If not be limited, it has also caused several troubling ethical problems. Public attention was drawn to reported abuses of human subjects in biomedical experiments, especially during the Second World War. The physicians and scientists who had conducted biomedical experiments on concentration camp prisoners were judged guilty in trials. If it is the case, we have no reason to say that pursuing individual interests is always right. For this kind of persuits would damage our world, create some trouble, even tragedies, this is quite ture on the question of wars, as mentioned above..


To sum up, I agree with the statement on the basis that the end consequence of this kind of free research leading by interests of scientists should be useful, at least, not harmful to the world. We are all dreaming of creating a bright future, aren’t we?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二改，今天圆满完成，加油啦
When looking back to history, there are many people whose inventions were criticized by so called experts in his or her times, then were proved to be the most important and shaking scientists who have thrown a light to our world. Nobody knows what will happen in the future, the scientists’ work, even seemed to mean nothing at that time, and may also shake the whole human history. Contribution is one thing that beyond our imagination and prediction. As a result, I agree with what the title statement shows, “Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem", although it also contains some flaws.


As for an individual, pursuing his dream, as well as interests is both significant and fun. There is a well-known quote telling us “Yesterday is a memory, tomorrow is a dream, just live for today.” Life is too short to hesitate, everyone, including scientists, has right to do what he wants, as long as his aim is not to hurt other people, to get happiness and satisfaction. On a humane side, one who can persist in achieving one’s dream( of course the dream is not harmful), is absolutely successful and worth admiring.


As scholars and researchers, one has responsibility to use his research fruit to decorate the world. However, pursuing their individual interests could make the decorating work more efficient. It is known to all that enthusiasm is the most important fuel for a scientist, and what bring the enthusiasm interests. Edison’s inventions are from interests. When he was young, he used the things coming from rubbish to create things, and was hit to deaf on one of his ears. However, he had never given up and continues pursuing his individual interests to invent things so that we could have so many unbelievable conveniences today. Stephen Hawking can also serve as an example. His work, to date, remains unproved, preventing him from receiving Nobel Prize. However, he didn’t give up, either. He is keeping on doing his research by the stimulus of his interests as a disabled man. Hawking has made his reputation by investigating, in great detail, one particular set of problems: the singularity and horizons around black holes and at the beginning of time. His book, A Brief History of Time, is available in paperback and has sold in excess of 10 million copies, contributing greatly to the world. What if he has no interests in his field? Can he still be so important now? Or if he only concerned what other people thought about him, will he have the spirit for his research?


However, although interests has contributed a lot to the research, consequently produced substantial social benefits. If not be limited, it has also caused several troubling ethical problems. Public attention was drawn to reported abuses of human subjects in biomedical experiments, especially during the Second World War. The physicians and scientists who had conducted biomedical experiments on concentration camp prisoners were judged guilty in trials. If it is the case, we have no reason to say that pursuing individual interests is always right. For this kind of persuits would damage our world, create some trouble, even tragedies, this is quite ture on the question of wars, as mentioned above..


To sum up, I agree with the statement on the basis that the end consequence of this kind of free research leading by interests of scientists should be useful, at least, not harmful to the world. We are all dreaming of creating a bright future, aren’t we？

sharonyeUID: 2862009

Many people argue that scholars and researchers should make contribution to the issues that may contribute most to the human society rather than to select the researcher fields by their own interest. This statement seems rational at first glance. However, an precarious situtation has been （好像不需要把）appeared from the different identifications of the term "contribution" （喜欢这句，赞一下）because different people has different comprehension toward the standards of this term. In order to preclude the confusions of the above argument（这里可以说argument么）, many people declares that providing the scholars and researchers with the opportuinty to select their researche fields should benefit the evolution of human world in the long run.
Firstly, it is no doubt that some subjects help push the developing of society forward. From the reality angle, government and international institution have more interest in investing the subjects which can help solve certain social problems and their outcomes can apply to society at once. For example,  many scholars and researchers are studying the ways to solve the air pollution, in order to reduce the impacts on our world of air pollution as much as possible. However, the research contributions to the community are uncertain before the end. The discovery of electricity is a case in point. When the scientist first found the phenomena of electricity, some reporters asked him to predict the potential use of it. The scientist replied like this: could you predict the contribution of a man when he was just a baby? As time passes, electricity becomes one of the fundamental factors in people's everyday life in modern world.
Secondly, as often mentioned, the main purpose of research is to help human beings understand the unknown things. Admittedly, from this point of view, almost all research are beneficial to our society to get people use the knowledge to explore and change the world. Consider, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel. For instance, Albert Einstein who simply put his effort in the theoretical physics eventually promoted the advances in natural science. Watt James who just interested in the mechanism of the steam engine eventually propelled the Industrial Revolution in the eighteen century.
Finally, of course, scholars and researchers should consider the likely effects on the society. And their research should not cause serious problems to society. Clone of Human is an example. Although some scientists have strong interests in cloning human beings, they should not do that, because such research will cause many problems in ethics and morality. （觉得这里例子举得有点少，可以多搞几个，既是凑字数，也是加大论证强度。另外，就这个例子，可以提出一些具体的问题，说的有点笼统。不过，个人觉得，如果是考试，时间来不及，也可以不写）
In sum, history informs us that a lot of greatness, beyond people’s ken, cannot be recognized by its contemporary society, stemming from limitation of traditions and conventional wisdom(这句话太长，表述的不是很清楚,stem这有可能造成歧义). We have to assign priority to the most profitable research on the basis of the scant resources. Talents should be guided, but not by what people think they ought to do, but by the value others attach on the results which scientists aim.
（总的来说，论证的挺清晰的，也很保守，对于每个分论点，都有一些例子来论证，要是跟充实一点就跟好了）

sharonyeUID: 2862009

to mig
I agree with this opinion, many contributions have been made from the scholars and researchers. Whether their work the contribution to the society or not is （去）needs a long time research（觉得这里用这个词不太好吧，换成test）. Merely caring about what is the contribution is too perfunctory and the（我觉得用a好一点） more important thing is we also need to think about the process which has been taken all the scholars and researchers’ career.（这句没看懂，语法问题么？）

And the most important thing is the contribution of the work probably cannot be found at the present, but maybe after a long period of time it is considered. As a matter of fact, history is the best critic. For example, the string theory in the physical is a unsubstantial theory. The contribution hadn’t been judged. （这个例子不具说服力，最好就像下文一样，举那些开始不被认同，后来影响巨大的）Maybe it is beneficial to human. At the same time; there is a possibility to wastes the money from the taxpayer. Mendel is another example, he researching the hereditary law in 1865 but none of the research supports him. His meaningful achievements hadn’t been affirmed until 1900. As a result, he was considered as the founder of modern genetics. From the examples above, we know that it is difficult to judge the contribution of science in a short time.（说的是贡献不能立竿见影）

In addition, not everyone in the world can be a scholar or researcher. Not every area has a real scholar or researcher（个人认为哦还是别这样写，要论证的就是scholar or researcher，你可以写不是人人全能，但他们在自己兴趣方面的不懈追求是他们成为scholar or researcher并有作为）. Why they can be the one whose contribution is great for society? The reason is that, not only the contributions bring them the attention from the society but also his clinging minds out of the interests. Their special mind deserves our learning and inheriting In china, Chen Jing run is a great mathematician who was researching on the Goldbach conjecture more than ten years and making a great contribution toward the mathematic. Deng Xiaoping said that”if there are one thousand scientists like Chen Jingrun in china, it is extraordinary.”（兴趣的指引最终使他们有大的贡献）

Of course, we should pay more attention （既然你是同意作者的观点，为什麽又冒出来这个观点了？）on the profitable research. The scholars and researchers are good at their work, but they probably don’t know what the most needed one in the society is. Nobel Prize is a good example which purpose is to encourage the best scientist in the world. Nobel was considering that this prize should award to the scientist whose contribution is beneficial to the society in practice.

In a nutshell, we should learn from the scientist whose contribution is beneficial to the society.  Their spirit of assiduous （adj.）is the priceless assets. (与主题的关系？)We shouldn’t pay more attention on whether their work is benefit to society because our judgment is incomplete.