Argument 53 求解

-.-UID: 2762228

Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants who showed signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when their mothers' production of melatonin-a hormone known to affect some brain functions-would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children-now teenagers-who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy. Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life.

13年前，研究者研究了一组在受到不熟悉的刺激比如不寻常的气味和未知声音的录音时表现出轻微紧张的25名婴儿。他们发现这些婴儿比其他婴儿更可能在早秋怀孕，而早秋是他们的母亲分泌的melatonin--一种已知会影响一些大脑能的荷尔蒙--因日照的减少而增加的季节。在今年早些时候所作的跟踪调查中，这些表现出紧张迹象的儿童--现在已经是十几岁--有一半以上认为自己害羞。显然，出生前melatonin的增加导致婴儿期的羞涩并且这种羞涩将延续至生命更晚的阶段。

1.调查数量不足：25个孩子数量太少，可能是巧合，不能代表全部孩子。另外调查没有和正常孩子对比，可能和征程孩子害羞比例差不多 结果没有意义。

2.这些孩子的性格在跟在早秋升高的M没有关系。可能是父母的性格有关。也可能是其他荷尔蒙等而不一定是M。

3.概念不同：婴儿时期对陌生的紧张不等同于羞涩。羞涩是在面对大家的时候。

4.作者没有提供证据表明早期的shyness和十几岁时候的羞涩有关系和害羞将持续到生命更晚阶段，可能通过与他人接触，学校社会的锻炼，变得不再害羞。

疑惑：第三点的概念不同要不是要说呢？

关于攻击this shyness continues into later life 是要说变得不害羞的可能性 还是说变得害羞的可能性呢？

shadow1987UID: 2605840

1# -.-

Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants who showed signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when their mothers' production of melatonin-a hormone known to affect some brain functions-would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children-now teenagers-who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy. Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life.

logic: (assumptions; facts)

the conclusion was deduced from the facts that:

1:"Infants' mild distress was also the sign of shyness" and 2:"infants's signs of mild distress was caused by melatonin" and 3:"this shyness continues into their later life"

was deduced from:

4:"infants were actually affected by melatonin" and 5:"infants showed signs of mild distress when being stimulated" and 6:"children identified themselves as shy"

was deduced from:

7:"infants were conceived in early autumn" and 8:"mothers usually produce more melatonin during this time"  

SO, my outline would be like this：
P1: paraphrasing
P2: the mere fact that 7 and 8 do not necessarily mean 4
P3: even assuming 4 and 5, they are not convincing evidences for 2
P4: it is rashly for the author to conclude 3 base on 6
P5: conclulsion with the question about 1, because 1 is not very meaningful for us to argue.

Hope these will help^o^