第一周-Arg提纲-1106柚子作文小組-E-Iris

iris_orangeUID: 2913012

2Thefollowing appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from theDeerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres. °∞Seven years ago,homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on howthe community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors ofhomes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled inBrookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we shouldadopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting."

1. 这个方法可能只在Brookville有用，因为他特殊的地理环境和文化和居民特点。
2. 2.  这个方法可能只有当只有一个地区实行时有效，因为他的价值来源于特殊性。如果大家都这么做就没特点了，就没价值了。
          所以，我们应该做调查，看看具体是什么东西使得value提高，才能知道我们可不可以学习。
3. 3.  另外，7年前的政策现在不一定有用，人们的审美观念可能不一样了，现在可能求多样化。应该调查一下3倍的提高，是哪一年产生的？还是逐年上升的？确定方案现在是否有效
4.  4. 即使方案真的有效，如果大多数homeowner不是想要卖房子，是自己住，那么只要风格他们喜欢就好了，不应该号召这个事情。

31 The following appeared in the editorialsection of a newsmagazine. °∞Some states are creating new laws that restrictthe use of handheld cell phones by drivers of automobiles. Such legislation,however, is sheer folly. Although some people with cell phones undoubtedlycause problems on the road, including serious accidents, the majority do not.Besides, problems are also caused by drivers who are distracted by any numberof other activities, from listening to the radio to disciplining children.Since there is no need to pass legislation restricting these and other suchactivities, it follows that there is no need to restrict people's freedom touse a device that they find convenient °™ or helpful in emergencies."

1. law的需要是因为：约束条件具有普遍性，不好的结果明显。
1)  1） 使用cellphone会出事比例比听radio高；
2）使用cell phone，出问题时会结果更严重。（对比：大多数不系安全带不会撞车，但是不系一撞车就完蛋，所以规定要系）
2. 其他会影响的活动不禁止，不代表不能禁止这个。
1）low从来都是要慢变全面的，不能说还有没cover全的，现在就都不能执行。
2）例如听radio，现在有的公交车就规定不能听了。所以随着严重程度和实行方法的研究，也许以后也会有一些限制。
3）既然cell phone已经调查清楚有这个必要了，就该执行规定。

34 Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin Dand calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Manypeople therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help preventosteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age andthat is linked to both environmental and genetic factors. But a long-term studyof a large number of people has found that those who have consistently consumeddairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bonefractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are asymptom of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairyproducts may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.

（文章的line of reasoning：
osteoporosis->bone weaken(environmental andgenetic factors);
dairy food－》高vitaminD-> build and maintain bone
---> prevent osteoporosis
a large number of people long-term study-->consume dairy product-->bone fractures
bone fracture->symptom of osteoporosis
diary product -- > increase the risk ofosteoporosis.）

1.  1. survey对象是不是足够分散。有可能来自一个地区：相同的饮食习惯更多吃dairy food，但是，相同的genetic导致更容易得病。
2.  2. 很多病有类似的symptom，所以dairyfood可能其实是导致另一种病。
3. 3.  有可能dairyfood本来是有效的，但是同时要避免一些其他食品导致的副作用，导致作用不能显示出来。所以应该调查这些人还有没有其他共同的饮食习惯。


45 The following appeared as an editorial in awildlife journal. °∞Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic region. Theysearch for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of ayear. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants onwhich they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice tocover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it.Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populationsare declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trendsthat have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline inarctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow theirage-old migration patterns across the frozen sea."
（文章的line of reasoning：
Arctic deer --生存要求－－有冰在island之间连接，他们可以在island之间移动去warm的地方找食物
Arctic deer --数目减少
全球化温度变高－－，
冰融化，Arctic deer在冰之间移动，死掉。）

1 很多信息应该进一步提供以确定和global warm的关系
1） 是不是饿死的；

2） 是不是岛之间没有冰块了。

3） 是不是island上面比往年剩下更多plant
2 信息可靠性值得怀疑
1）来自local hunter: 可能自己猎杀多了，推给环境；

2) 可能 他们占用了plant地盘导致deer没东西吃？

3）deer 是今年突然减少，还是逐年减少？
报告应该来自公立的人，采用科学的调查方式。


99 The following appeared in a memo from theeconomic minister of the small country Paucia. °∞Using a newly developedvariety of seed, farmers in our neighboring country Abundia produced 80 percentmore rice last year than in any previous year. To increase the income offarmers in our own country, we should encourage them to cultivate this newvariety of rice rather than some of their traditional crops. Such high yieldsof rice will also improve our country's balance of trade by enabling us tobegin exporting it."

1.11. 两国地理环境不一定一样，所以我们不一定一样高产。
2.  2. 本国farmer的经济模式是怎么样的，本国的farmer会不会种这种东西？那些要被取代的传统crop本身价值如何？
3.  3. 邻国产多了但没说卖的好：如果食物不好吃，低价，没价值，多产也没用
4.  4. 即使有价值，也得好好计划，因为采取新变化是要过渡时期代价的，例如引入新种子，种植技术，人才，都要钱，我们现在是不是适合这种变革