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最近，TOEFL版出现了一个非常热心且水平很高的JJ，SUNNYZW以她对TOEFL考试题目的精确理解，无怨无辉的为大家解决问题。SUNNY不肯做斑竹，（我说破最啦都），在这里最大的心愿就是早日成为超级会员。（有问题的XDJM有福啦，这就说明她会一直热心的帮大家回答题目，尤其是语法的各类问题）作为TOEFL的斑竹，跟SUNNY比起来，很惭愧没能为大家详细解答题目问题，在这里，我能为大家做的就是整理了SUNNY6月所有为大家解答的TOEFL语法题，希望对考友们有用。让我们对SUNNY说一声谢谢，也希望大家能够一如既往的支持寄托。
www.gter.net
13.An activist for women’s (rights), Leonora O’Reilly promoted women’s vocational training (besides) fought for (increased) wages for garment workers.
答案：D。为什么不选B。besides只有副词和介词两种词性，而这里却充当连词。 怎么会是正确的呢？
SUNNY回答：应该是besides错误。increased在这里是过去分词作定语，没有错的。这里虽然是用increasing这个动名词更好，但是besides的错误有些荒唐了。
......theories approximate the truth is the day-to-day business of science.
A. Determining how closely
B. How closely to determine
C. How one determines close
D. One is close to determining
Altruism is characterized by a deep sympathy for those less fortunate,----that the aim of life should be to contribute more to society than you take.
(A) belief rooted in
(B) in the belief rooted
(C) rooted in the belief
(D) the rooted belief in
Carbon Dioxide may be absorbed by trees or water bodies, or it may stay in the atmosphere when----, while it is only in the atmosphere that chlorofluorocarbons find their home.
(A) by releasing emissions from cars
(B) emissions are released by cars
(C) cars that release emissions
(D) releasing from car emissions
SUNNY回答：1。选a，动名词作主语，前两天刚刚讨论过的。看一下前面的帖子吧。
2。选c。过去分词短语作主语的补足语的。一个歪门邪道的办法，我不建议用的，但是考试没有办法的时候可以一试，就是见到believe或者belief就去找后面直接跟着that的选项。（当我没说过，呵呵）
3。选b。when后面，要么是从句，要么是doing。在本题中，符合要求的只有b、d。但是d中releasing与主语的关系看，应该是用过去分词released by的。所以不选。
1. Eli Whitney, born in Westborough, Massachusetts (in) 1765, was always interested in machines , (working) in his father’s shop, (taking) apart (a watch) and putting them back together.
SUNNY回答：从后面得putting them可见，watch应该用复数。数的一致问题。
2. To reach (a target) of (spending) a billion dollars (in a) lifetime, a human being would have to spend money (at rate) of more than 50,000 dollars per day.
SUNNY回答：at a rate of
3. (While) the term (originates) to mean "a woman spinner", any older woman that (devoted herself)
to work by (not choosing) to get married was given this term in the 17th century.
SUNNY回答：注意看一下后面的时态是was，显然a现在时是时态不一致的。
4.Some companies provide other organisations with (core list) of their clients (whose) products
may be (of interest) to (them)
SUNNY回答：core list前面缺少一个冠词。
www.gter.net
摘自玫瑰的礼物----我的考T语法81问
7、( ) theories approximate the truth is the day-to-day vusiness of science.
A Determining how closely
B How closely to determine
C How one determines closely
D One is close to determining
问：前面是主语从句做主语吗? 答案是A,可那样的话,closely是副词不能修饰名词theroies呀??
答：B，how to do. how 后面的to 是不定式符号,而非介词. 所以B不对。
选A, 动名词加从句引导词构成句子的主语，determining后面跟的是一个how引导的宾语从句, approximate是从句谓语. closely不是修饰theroies，而是修饰全句的。
我认为这道题应该选A,因为A中的closely修饰approximate,请大家指教！
SUNNY回答：这道题的答案应该是A，Determining how closely theories approximate the truth是整个句子的主语，动名词短语作主语。Determing is business是句子主干。这里closely的确是修饰 approximate这个动词的。
13、In many areas the slope and topography of the land _____ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.
(A) neither permit
(B) without permitting
(C) nor permitting
(D) do not permit.
问：excess是胃语,还有缺胃语呢? 我选的B但答案是D.
答：excess在这里作名词讲，过度，过剩的意思。所以本题缺谓语，A中，neither与nor 连用，在这里没有nor. B不能做谓语，C也是没有Neither与之连用。
我对这道题有些迷惑，我认为最恰当的是A,因为neither也可以单独使用表示两者都否定，例如Neither statement is true.
SUNNY回答：这道题B无论如何都是不正确的。退一步说，就算neither permit在句子中可以，neither这个词作主语的时候也有一个基本要求，就是后面的谓语动词用单数的。前面玫瑰的讲解完全正确的啊。
www.gter.net
1. (Approximately) one-third of (all persons) involved in adult education programs in 1970 (were enrolled) in occupational education (course).
我选的是B,但是答案是D，应该改为courses,解释是职业教育课程不会只是一门课，可是我觉得这个解释很牵强呀。而且我觉得B的person是特指的“involved in adult education programs in 1970”的person,所以我觉得应该把B改为all the person.大家觉得呢？
SUNNY回答：首先all persons和all the persons所指是相同的，托福也不考察这里多一个少一个the的意思区别问题，所以考试的时候不要在这种地方多想。course是一定要用复数的，不管在意思上，如你上面分析，还是在语法要求上。
2.Xenon has a number of applications,____may be mentioned its use in flash lamps for high-speed photography.
(A)among which
(B)which
(C)and which
(D)each of which
答案是A,请问D为什么不对？
SUNNY回答:
这里用among which是没有错的，意思是在这些用途之一。后面是一个倒装句，因为among状语提前。陈述语序应该是 its use in flash lamps for high-speed photography may be mentioned among the applications.
1--in her time,Isadora Duncan was-----------------today a liberated woman.
a calling what we would
b who would be calling
c what we would call
d she would call it
看后面是woman，是不是就应该是选人的代词啊？
SUNNY回答：这道题不用想这么多的。是考了5、6次的一个what句式。关于what，两个句式一定记住what we call及其变形,what is now。 它们前面的先行词可能是人可能是物可能是地点，但都是用what指代。
0108
31.The (taller) of all animals, a (full-grown) giraffe (may be) eighteen feet or (more high).
答案：A。我觉得选A有道理，将taller改为tallest。但D为什么是正确的呢？不应该是higher么？
SUNNY回答：呵呵，这个问题我知道你一定很郁闷啊。我前面有一次提到过，对于托福中的比较级最高级，只要它级别没有用错，形式有时候只好睁只眼闭只眼喽。这个是我举的例子之一。另外的题目还有00年1月最后一题中的most perfect，按照语法书所说，这两种说法都是错误的，可是有什么办法哪？ets就是牛啊。
考试的时候，如果你可以确定一个主要矛盾，即，绝对属于时态、语态、还有级别错误的，其它形式上的错误就不要来困扰你啦。
39.(Generally), abstract expressionist art is without recognizable images (and does) not (adhere) the limits of conventional (form).
答案：C。应该改为adhere to.但D我认为也不正确，因为单数名词不能单独存在，所以我认为应该是forms.
SUNNY回答：是的。我是那一年考的，偏偏考的时候大脑缺血，恍惚中拿不准adhere to的问题了，于是和D搞了半天。但一缺点adhere是不及物动词，我立刻就放弃D了。关于冠词，有时候在英语中只要是解释为“虚”词或者是“类别”词，很容易就会不用的。可是问题是，我们往往吃不准它什么时候是这样的。我也唏嘘不已啊。
0110
38. (Different fourteen) crops were (being) grown 8600 years (ago) by some of the world’s earliest (farmers).
答案：A. B正确么？ 为什么此被动式用进行时，它的状语是8600 years ago呀？
SUNNY回答：它是过去进行时啊，当然用在过去是可以的。这里用进行是只是表示动作在过去的某一时刻正在发生的状态。
0201
32. (As do) all insects, a butterfly has a hard (outer) covering, (called it) an exoskeleton, (that) both supports and protects the body.
这套题是我从网上下载的，我觉得exoskeleton后应该没有“，”，否则B和C肯定错误。B应改为called。
SUNNY回答：这道题是B错误啊，你改的是对的。这个我前面也提到过的，等一下找到我以前的回答贴给你吧。
38.During the nineteenth century the molecular theory of matter was developed, (which) considered (all matter) to (be composed) of tiny, indivisible (entity) called molecules. S答案：D。我选C，我觉得应该是all the matter, entity是可数名词么？
SUNNY回答：为什么认为c是错的呢？consider sth to be 没有问题啊。entity是一个绝对的可数名词
0205
18.in addition to (appropriating) the (subject matter) of mass culture, the pop art movement of the 1950’s (utilized) various (technique) of mass production.
答案：D。是不是应该把technique改为techniques.在这里technique是可数的么？表示各种技术？但B subject matter又是什么意思？我觉得是词序错了，应该是matter subject .
SUNNY回答：先记住不管3721，只要看到various就去找名词，名词一定是用复数。只要它敢用various，就证明是承认这个名词是可数复数了。subject matter没有错的。
25．(Addressing) themes that were (unique) American, the poet Wait Whitman (celebrated) the lives of (ordinary people).
答案：B。这到底是什么句子结构，我怎么分析不清呀！(Addressing) themes与后面有关么,去掉定从that were (unique) American好象是单独一个词？B又应该怎么改呢？
SUNNY回答：addressing...是poet W..的状语啊，分词作状语。B改为uniquely。这里American是形容词，指“美国化”的。address是“提到”的意思，动词。
www.gter.net
0208
39.The major (economic) activities of Cheyenne, Wyoming, （include）transportation, (chemicals), tourism, (but) governmental activities.
答案：B。是不是应该改为chemistry, 但D的but是什么词性，什么意思？
SUNNY回答：不用改的。chemicals在这里变成了名词，意思是“化工品”。but在这里是“而不是”，省略了not。如果是but not就简单了对不对？
这道题的意思是： 怀俄明州Cheyenne的主要经济行为包括交通、化工、旅游，以及政府行为。错的地方是在but这个连接词上。include是句子的谓语。你已经怀疑到了几个名词中间没有and的问题，再分析一下句子结构，看一下意思，就很明显了。句式是..., ..., ..., and ...并列问题，在翻译中看得也很清楚，是几种商业行为。如果这里include改为including的话，整个句子就没有谓语了。
关于but：
but作为介词使用，意思几乎等于except。
sth includes vihicles but train本身就是一句有问题的句子，因为vehicles包括了train. 如果你说：The public transportation of that country includes all kinds of veihicles but train.就说的过去了。
这么说好了，如果but 当作除了讲，那么就是 include everything but。如果没有这个前提，充其量是用一个but not，表示而不是而已。
0301
21.(While) models of automobiles dates (back) as far as the late 1600’s, the 1880’s (seen) the first commercial (interest) in the vehicle.
答案：C。怎么改呀？另外date back 不是应该加to么？即date back to as far as the late 1600’s.
SUNNY回答：首先，date back to是没有错的，可是用了as..as这个句式之后，to就可以不要了。eg：I came here this morning as early as 5 am. 也不需要用at的。seen这个错误很明显啊，句子的谓语怎么可能是这个样子。saw
1.A mineral is any---solid that has a definite chemical composition and a distinctive internal crystal structure.
a.natural occurrence of homogeneous
b.naturally occurrence of homogeneous
c.occurring naturally homogenous
d.homogenously naturally occurred
SUNNY回答： 这道题b是一定不对的。单就naturally occurrence ，副词修饰了名词来说就是错的，更何况这里的主句变成了a mineral is occurrance了。
d是对的，occurred是作solid的定语，homogenously naturally 都是修饰过去分词occurred的。这里并不是被动语态。这道题里，很显然句子主干是A mineral is any solid.那么，a和b都不行，因为它们的中心词是occurrence。c的错误在于修饰错误，分词短语怎么也不可能跑到名词前面去修饰。而d却满足了主干、句意、语法几方面的要求。
www.gter.net
NO 1：
The new York city Ballet has been ___ of United States classical ballet companies since its inceptions in 1946.
B: consistently creative the most;
D: the most consistently creative
答案是b，我选d，但是就是d好像也不对没有名词
SUNNY回答：这道题D是对的。the most creative可以看作是省略了one，这是经常出现的。eg: he is the most intelligent of all the boys.
NO 2：
North America displays more ____ than any other continent except Asia; only a true tropical enironment is absent.
A: vary climate
D: climatic variation
不懂得问，这个有何规律吗？
SUNNY回答：这道题最明显的一点就是display后面要用名词作宾语的啊。而vary这个动词本身就无法放在句子的空格处的。
NO 3：
Poet Amy Lowell (began) her career (by publishing) the conventional volume A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass, (despite) eventually successded Ezra Pound (as) leader of the progressive Imagists.
我觉得leader前应该加a， 但是我错了，为什么？ 这样的词还有那些？
答案c，是不是一个换成which？那样句意何解？
SUNNY回答：despite和inspite of一样，后面都只可以放名词的。所以这个错误很明显。托福的考试规律是，despite与though常常有意混淆。这里despite错的更大一些，你只好选它了。leader可以看作官衔前面不用冠词，但是非常牵强。抓主要矛盾喽
1、 Essentially,a theory is an abstract,symbolic representation of ________ reality.
a.what it is conceived
b.that is conceived
c.what is conceived to be
d.that is being conceived of
SUNNY回答：应该选c。用what引导的句子等于 Essentially,a theory is an abstract,symbolic representation of something that is conceived to be reality. B和D显然是错误的，因为of之后需要的是一个宾语，而that从句前显然缺少了先行词。what＝先行词＋that。A的错误在于，what在这个句子中已经包含了主语，而A中多了一个it、
2、The outermost (part) or the sun's atmosphere is (very) hot that (its) gases (continually) expand away from the sun.
SUNNY回答：so..that的反考方式。通常大家看到so会想到that，而看到that就不敏感了。以后注意，凡是看到too、very被划线的，一定去找找后面是不是that从句。多半都是偷梁换柱代替了so的。
www.gter.net\bbs
Price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction .此句中as做什么成份？去掉不行么？
SUNNY回答：字典中这种用法被当作adv，表示“作为、正如”
例：man as described by scientists 科学家所描述的人
但是我跟倾向于将它理解为连词后面省略的问题。比如，as is known to all 众所周知。其实as是在从句中作主语的。上面的句子中，as agreed upon in a market transaction 实际上是修饰money values的。可以换为 Price is the money values of a product or services that are agreed upon in a market transaction.
1.( Each) person in the United States (consumes )(an average of )560 pounds of dairly (productivity )every year.
这个题目迷惑性挺大的,大家讨论讨论,我第一个感觉选对了,可是再看就错了:(
SUNNY回答：这道题你觉得是哪个选项迷惑你了呢？其实，它考察的是和前两天讨论过的championVsChampionship一样的道理，实意名词和抽象名词。产品应该是product哦。
2. The Hopi community of Oraibi in northeastern Arizona is one of the oldest, (not if) the (oldest), continuously (occupied )settlements (north of )Mexico.
这个题目我也觉得奇怪,就觉得是A, D 两个中选个,不过难决定,我决定选了A,不过后来又改了D,因为我觉得north是个adj. 也可以是n.不过.....大家讨论下!谢谢
SUNNY回答：if not...是固定的格式。“不是最……，也是……之一”。 North在这里其实是副词用法，常与of连用，直接作地点状语。如果north等方位作名词用，应该是加冠词the，此处north of Mexico等于 in the north of Mexico
3. A majority of the reports received from people (claiming )(to have seen )the legendary lLoch Ness Monster (have proven to be )mistakes, misconceptions,or (they were being tricked).
这个题目我自己觉得真的是有点难度,也不知道为什么这段时间做题都不怎么样,好象觉得都有几个比较不好做的题目!而且有点难度!
SUNNY回答：冒昧问一句，这道题真的是真题吗？或者是80年以前的？我一直以为自己的脑子是托福题库哦，呵呵，看来漏掉了？把这么长的一个D改为tricks，显然不是托福的考法。这道题是时态错误，不需要用进行时的啊，改成they were tricked或者they have been tricked都可以，和前面成为并列句。
Www.gter.net/bbs
1. The Chrysler building, considered by many to be the most beautiful skyscraper ever built, is the pinnacle of art deco architectural design and it attracts visitors from around world.
Around world is wrong,but how to correct it?
SUNNY回答：又是一道冠词题。world这个独一无二的词前面，当然要加the喽。
2. The world’s oceans have risen on the average of 6 inches over the past 100 years, which has been considered as evidence that global warming has had an effect.
Why as is wrong why to be is right?
SUNNY回答：和前面一题一样哦。这道题是固定结构的问题，应用on an average of。而evidence前面是可以不用冠词的。很重要！例：The broken window was evidence that a burglary had taken place.
3. The sun is producing more energy in one second than human beings have produced all of history.
SUNNY回答：all through
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1.(Duing her)lifetime, Margaret Mead was(internationally)known as an (uthority)on various literate and illterate(culture).
我个人认为是选D,可是我错了,不知道如何?
而且答案我也觉得不知道怎么解释?
大家讨论,谢谢!
SUNNY回答：呵呵呵呵，看来眼睛还不够尖哦。前面的一个various看到吗？在托福中累计考察过不下十次。只要它出现，一定后面有复数的名词哦。切记！另外，看到单数的名词划线，脑子里自然要有一些想法的哦。
www.gter.net
2. ......... Eijah McCoy's invention of the lubricating cup in the early 1870's,machinery had to be stopped in order to be lubricated.
A. Before B. When C. While D. Lately
这个题目是很简单,可是我觉得翻译上有点时间上先后,能不能来个翻译,谢谢!
SUNNY回答：在Eijah McCoy's 1870年代发明润滑油杯之前，给加润滑油油必须要停止机器运转才行。
3. It is unlikely that a nation would choose war if its goals ..........peacefully.
A. meet B. could be met C. having been met D. would have met
典型的虚拟语气,不过感觉被动与不被动的区别! 大家要讨论一下. 目标被动和目标不被动,这点大家谈谈,:)
SUNNY回答：meet the goal/need/demand。所以goal作主语，当然是被动了。
1.Pollen (can be )transferredby the wind or by birds )that )(comes) into (contact )with flowers.
SUNNY回答：如果看见划线部分是动词的现在时，那无论如何都要看一下单复数问题的。这道题是属于托福的送分题那。建议从句与先行词中数的一致问题再复习一下。
contact本身可作名词。例：means of contact，keep in contact...
2.science fiction is (any fiction )dealing with the future or with (so )imaginative subjects as intersteller travel,(life )on other planets,(or )time travel
SUNNY回答：只要出现so的问题，八成是考查so与such区别以及so...that句型的。我们大多熟悉的说法是imaginative subjects such as 。。。。要熟悉这里的说法，such....as...
No.1 TOEFL语法两道[问题]
1. (Although )fluorine (tests )and x-ray analyses, archaeologists (can prove) the (validity) of artifacts.
这道会不会怪怪的,感觉好象有点逻辑错误!
SUNNY回答：第一题的迷惑性还是挺强的，就是容易把tests和analyses当成动词。但是从句子意思看，它们是名词，所以，although应该改为介词despite
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2. United States tennis (championship) Pancho Gonzales gained (international) acclaim (for) his (strong) serve.
这道题目更是觉得没有什么头绪,大家多讨论讨论!谢谢!
SUNNY回答：如果下次再看到这种“职业＋人名”的结构，一定要记得，职业是人名的同位语，两者是“等于”关系。由此可见，championship是抽象名词，改为实意名词champion就好。
91-10-36: For hundreds of years, sailors (relied on) echoes (to warn) them of (another) ships, icebergs, or cliffs in (foggy) weather.
Answer: is C, but how to correct it?
SUNNY回答：记得another后面一定是用单数名词的，每年必考3次以上。
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91-10-36: Prototypical oboes (did) a (loud), harsh tone, but the modern (oboe) is appreciated for its smooth (and beautiful) tone.
Answers: is A, how to correct it?
SUNNY回答：had
91-8-38: Seven (of planets) rotate in the same direction (as) their orbital motions, (while) Venus and Uranus rotate in the (opposite direction).
Answer: is A, how to correct it?
SUNNY回答：这里有两种说法都是正确的：seven planets或是seven of the planets。但是从后面句子看，是九大行星中的七个，所以seven of the planets
91-5-26: A thorough (study) of mythology requires (familiarity) for the properties of plants and trees and the (habits) of (wild) birds and beasts.
Answer is B, how to correct it?
SUNNY回答：不知道你的题抄的是否正确。familiarity后面的介词是with，可是你没有把介词抄进去。
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91-1-34: Since peach (trees bloom) very early (in the season), they are in danger (for) spring (frosts).
Answer is C, how to correct it?
SUNNY回答：of
90-8-47 : (For some purposes) it is convenient to think of a surface as the locus generated when a (line) straight or a curve (moves through) space in a (prescribed manner).
Answer is B, how to correct it? By the way, I am not sure for the underlines, if I missed anything in the question; also please let me know it, thanks!
SUNNY回答：原题的划线部分是在line straight之下，是典型的形容词修饰名词位置问题。改为straight line
90-1-33: The (elbows) are (joints) that (connected) people’s (up) arms with their forearms.
Answer is D, what is wrong? How to correct it?
SUNNY回答：同样一个up的问题，托福考过两次了。up是副词，而作形容词应该是upper。
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89-10-35: Almanacs in (simple) (form) have been known from the (invention) of (writing).
Answer is B, should it forms? Wondering!
SUNNY回答：前面这道题类似情况讨论过多次了。单数的可数名词前一定要有冠词的。
89-08-36: A good exercise program (helps teach) people (to avoid) the habits that (might) shorten (the) lives.
Answer is D, should it be theirs, but why?
SUNNY回答：这道题只出过一两次，考察的目的是，前面提到过people的，所以后面不用定冠词，而用物主代词their来指示。
89-08-28: An enormous (variety of) information may be (obtained from) a (largest) daily (newspaper).
Answer is C, how to correct it?
SUNNY回答：没有范围的情况下，应该用large。
89-8-15: Anthopolgy is a science --------------------anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
A, in that,
B, that
Why is A, does “ in that” mean “because”?
SUNNY回答：呵呵，一道老题啦，引起过无数的争论。现在不考了。一定要追究原因的话，只能说，“之所以被称之为科学，是因为它使用……的方式来研究。”忘了它吧。
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1. (Among the )symptoms of measles, which takes about twelve days (to )incubate , (are )a high fever, swelling of glands in the neck , a cough, and (sensitive) to light.
SUNNY回答：答案应该是D。among是引导了介词短语作状语，所以后面倒装。takes是因为定语从句修饰的是measles，是单数的。are是因为后面并列了几个主语，所以用复数。在并列主语中，将sensitive改为名词sensitivity。
2. (hotograph)was revolutionized in 1851(by the)introduction (of) the collodion process ( for making ) glass negatives.
SUNNY回答：the process of doing / the process to do
1.{Unemployment} in some large cities was a so {serious} problem that the government had to {provide} free grain for many of the {inhabitants}.
A):B
SUNNY回答：so 和such的用法区别。
so＋adj＋a/an+N.
such+a/an+adj+N
2.{No} perpetual motion machine that has {ever} been tested has actually run or produced power for {any} period of {significant} time.
A):D
SUNNY回答：改为 a significant time很长一段时间，time表示一段时间时，是可数的
14.Hickories are common in eastern and the central areas of North Carolina.
A): in the eastern
SUNNY回答：这里因为estern是方位的，所以要用the
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6.{Much} is known about {his} professional playing career in 1937 and {early} life {of} American Golfer Ben Hogan.
A):B
SUNNY回答：这里应该把his改为the，和后面的of对应。一般来说，the N＋of 结构，或者换而言之，of结构前面的名词都是限定的，用定冠词the
7.The second law of thermodynamics states that---------- that is irreversible, the entropy of the universe always increases.
A):C
SUNNY回答：题目不完整
8.----------, twenty-fifth President of the US.
(A)The naming of Mount Mckinley for William Mckinley
(B)William Mckinley named for Mount Mckinley
(C)William Mckinley's name for Mount Mckinley
(D)Mount Mckinley was named for William Mckinley
A):D
SUNNY回答：从逗号之后的部分看，它只是一个名词短语，作同位语的。所以选择项目应该是一个完整的单句，而且最后一个词应该是逗号之后的短语有同等意义。“Mckinley山因第25任美国总统William Mckinley而命名”
7.Thoreau is remembered for his attacks on the social institutions he considered immoral but for his faith in
A):X but->and
SUNNY回答：如果这里用but的话，就是转折关系，那么应该是but not for了。
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