[Snickers小组] 第15次作业 11月25日 Issue153

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1# daniexia

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The subject claims that students should have certain skepticism to the knowledge they learn, rather than passively accept it. Actually, the author is talking about the attitude towards the process of acquiring knowledge. Admittedly, while I agree with the claim because students gain more benefits if they are learning through unremittingly questioning what they are taught, or critical thinking, other aspects of learning are necessary to study just via memorization, or rote learning.

As is known to all, the skepticism is based on critical thinking. The most important reason why students should learn and study through critical thinking is that critical thinking brings out a better comprehension of a certain subject, which, generally speaking, is composed of different aspects or fields that have some extent of relationship and form a system. Hence, if students apply this method, they are more likely to be capable of thinking out the logical relationship and soundness among the different parts of one subject, and probably develop serious logical analysis ability as well as obtain a more comprehensive understanding of what they learn. In contrast, passive acceptance only needs memorizing important features of one subject, through which no training concerning logical analysis or critical thinking ability is completed, so that students rarely have deep understanding of the subject and only can recite what they learn very superficially. This definitely is not the effect that teachers and universities would like to see.

Secondly, since students learn through skepticism and critical thinking, they are less likely to forget what they learn than those people who learn by mechanically memorizing. Many studies about memorization show that good memory is contributed by ratiocination, during which one dynamically establishes causal effect correlations between significant points or features for one subject. However, mechanically memorizing, or known as rote learning, is less effective for memory in the long run, although, at the beginning, students are not easily forgetting what they learn.（跟第二段讲的是一个东西）

Thirdly, the constant skepticism and critical thinking can have other advantages for what they focus on, such as improvement, even inspiration and innovation. Students learning via skepticism are quite good at questioning why the situation looks like this, or whether it can be explained or developed in other ways or not. So, they have a good chance of finding the flaws of one subject, make rectification for it and even propose a new statement and theory. For example, since skepticism abounded in Einstein's brain during his acquisition of physics knowledge, he critically analyzed the situation that a man in a dropping elevator doesn't feel his gravity, questioned the existence of gravity once Newton proposed and finally found the breakthrough for his special theory of relativity. Thus, this example indicates that skeptical thinking benefits the generation of inspiration and innovation.

Finally, we shall not forget that there are still some kinds of studying, which need rote learning, and except for this method, no other ways are beneficial. For example, phonetics, basic formula in any science, the periodic table in chemistry are all those knowledge that requires passively acceptance and rote learning, because these aspects are too basic for logical analysis, critical thinking and skepticism to appear.（这一段可以再扩展一下）

In order to acquire certain knowledge faster and more effectively, students are suggested that they use skepticism and critical thinking, rather than accept it passively and study in rote learning way. But other basic axiom should learn by mechanical memorization. In the combined way of learning, more universities can teach well-qualified graduators for our future jobs and our society.