Arg 51 求 语言指导~

yangmao12UID: 2777935

The author advocates that all patients of muscle strain would takeantibiotics seems to be logical at first glance. To support that, the authormentions that a experiment results of two groups of patients. However, theauthors masks other factors which may affect the result.

One of the threshold of theproblem is that the author falsely equates Dr Newland with Dr Alton. Dr Newlandis a expert in sports medicine, and Dr Alton is a general physician. As we knowthat muscle strain stem from athletic injury. It is entirely possible that DrNewland treatment are more serve as a catalyst for kinds of althetic injurythan Dr Alton treatmen. Or perhaps antibiotics has not works out in theexperiment
because Dr newland is a expertof sports medicine have a better way to cure these patients. Since the authordoes not rule out these possibilities, the author cannot convincing me thatresult of two groups patients are realiable.
Another foudamental problem is that theauthor provides no information about what percentage of two group patients.Perhaps the number of first group in Dr Newland is relatively high, the percapitia recuperation time might be relatively high. Moreover, two groups ofpaients is only a small percent of the total patient of muscle strain. Two groupsconditions is unrepresentative of all patients of muscle strain. It is entirelypossible that these groups patients physical status are more robust than otherpatients. Obviously, the author provides insfficient data to the experimentthat the result is invaild.

Evenif I were to concede that I mention above is correct, this single experimentresult is insuficient to apply to all patients who are diagnosed with musclestrain. Common sense and experience tell me it is quite possible that differentdistrict people has different remedy, take antibiotics not always better thanother treatment. In addtion, there is a side-effects from the use ofantibiotics. Therefore, the author cannot guarantee that all patients of musclestrain should take antibiotics.

Incoclusion, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. For better credence, Iwould need more information about the size and makeup of the two grouppatients, and two doctors situations. I would also need toknow all patients of muscle strain stiuations.

yangmao12UID: 2777935

Arg 188

   The author advocates that all medications effects should be reevaluate from men and women seems to be logical at first glance. To supprot that, the author mentions that a experiment of men and women use same painkiller has different experinece pain from one another. However, the author masks other factors which may affect the result.
   A threshold problem is that the author provides on assurance that the experiment’s results on which the argument depends are statistically reliable. First of all, the experiment involved only 28 men and 20 women are insufficient to draw any conclusions. The lower the percentages, the less reliable the results of the experiment. Secondly, the experiment has a fatal flaw---- there is no control group! Common sense and experience tells me that if a experiment has no control group, and then the result has false logical inference. Thirdly, the experiment proportion is out-off-balance from 28 men and 20 women. Thus, this experiment result is unconvincing me that female and male has different experience pain.
   Even though the experiment result is correct, another foundamenta problem is that the kappa opioids for women and other kinds of pain medications for men as the author claim is inveracious.
This single experiment is insufficient to draw any general conclusion about the reason for kappa opions for women and other kinds of pain medications for men. It is quite possible that this experiment result are not typical of the world in general.without additional experiment from diverse location people. I cannot accept the author’s sweeping generaliztion about kappa opioids should be prescribed for women and other kinds of pain medication for men.
   Even if I were to concede that I mentions all above is ture. The author claim that all medications effects should be reevaluate from men and women is unfounded. The kappa opioids is a kind of pain medications. The experimental objective may apply to a painkiller, but not necessarily indicate for all medications. Therefore, the author cannot guarantee that all medications effects should be reevaluate.
   In conclusion, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. For better credence, I would need more information about experiment statisitic and other pain medication. I would also need to know that other kind of medication effects from men and women.

yangmao12UID: 2777935

ISSUE 40

Should scholars and researchers pay more attention on their individual interests than whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society as the author clam?  I concede that the individual interests are important part of our life, but we need soceity responsibility to restrict scholars and researchers study eara.
I agree with the author insofar as scholars and researchers should pay attention on their individual interest. As I see it, there are two fundamental reasons support my pionts. First of all, the individual interests would promote great motive to resume the study. “Interest is one of the best teacher”, which is a chinese saying shows that interest is a improtant stimulus for working energetically and efficienty. Take Copernicus, who is a  Polish astronomer  for example. Copernicus originally studied medical science and had become interested in astronomy later. He wrote a book dealing with heliocentric theory, which is a advanced theory that earth and other planets revolve around the sun, disrupting the Ptolemaic system of astronomy. And more important, this theory has dramaticly changed people’s faith at that time. Secondly, Scholars and researchers are very important groups of our soceity . They have been sudtying the the old theories for advancing  new science, and putting them into application later, thus they individual interests determined the denstiy of society.
Although it is important that one pursuits its individual interets, but especially for shcolars and researchers they can’t be allowed regardless of their effects to the society. As an individual in society, we may be engaged in ourselve individual interests generally not considering the contribution, for the result of this interest will have no effects on society. However, as scholars and researchers, their any behavior is going to be noticed by many people because of their occupation. So they must considers about the effects to our wourld. There is a ethical issue of great importance on cloning human is what scholars and reserachers studying area will be the adversely consequences of it if it was acutully successful. This idea of cloning human has fueled debate all over the world. I believe that it is not morally and ethically right to clone humans. Even though technology is constantly advancing, it is not reasonable to believe that human cloning is morally and ethically correct, due to the killing of human embryos, the unsafe process of cloning, and the resulting of having deformed clones.
     As a matter of fact, it is evident that social responsibility necessarily outweigh individual interests. When deciding whether commence a study, researchers should take social factors into consideration. Whether this research is benefited to the whole society, whether most of people will benefit form the consequence of that research, can the research destroy our environments, because we are a part of the society and the society need the contribution of us. The environment need our protection, the improvement of lives need our common efforts, etc. On the contrary, if researchers hold that individual interests take precedence over social responsibilities, he may contaminate the environments heavily, exploits the resources inprovidently, and destroy the forest greatly, all of which have already done great harm to the mankind. therefore, there is an urgent need that we should cease such behaviors and commit to social responsibilities.
    In conclusion, It is wrong that scholars and researchers hold on their individual interests when they engaged in the research to society. We want limit to shcolars and researchers individual interests so that will makes a contribution to our society.

yangmao12UID: 2777935

ISSUE 130

The author actually claim two conceptions of this statement. First, destiny of society is determined by how children are socialized today. Second, whe have not yet learned how to raise children to be competent to help bring about a better society. In my view this statement is too extreme and I disagree with both of the two claims.
            Initially, the main reason for my piont is that the destiny of society is determined by all parts of society. For example right policies enacted by leaders and government; scientific progress made by the scientist; hard working for worker; and adequate supply of food from farmer. Childern is one of the factors that determine the development of society, and yet it may not the most important one. Consider, for instance, aspect of sicence. Nowadays we can never imagine living in a world that there is no cars for traveling to offices, no televisions for watching TV shows, no cell phones communications with our family, and so forth. Indeed, development techonoloy is one of important policy for majority cuntury. Therefore, we cannot conclude that chrildren is only factor determined by destiny of society----- at least not primary one.
            For another equally significant reson in my piont lies is the fact that the primary mission of childern education is the character cultivation of honesty, diligence, respect for others, tolerance, self-restriction, patriotism and appreciation of the outside world. There is no denying that children is the hope of a nation these character is indeed crucial for the future society. The most basic of education for children may be the target of developing the personality of the inidividual of his/her life to people around. Speaking more personality, it can be described as “ life skills” including speak with honesty to people around, respect for others opion and achievement ,    tolerance with other people’s mistake, have patriotism for his/her owe country and so froth, all of which are conducive to dispose whatever difficulties life may present in their later lives. In short, we are more concerned about the basci of education for children than children who can help bring about a better society.
            As I see it,  the society is replete with changes, we cannot use a certain format to raise some children with same personality or same technologies. Society needs various kinds of talents to finish different jobs. The essential of the children education to benefit the society is the ability of fitting into the changeable life and ability to make a correct judgment on social morally and ethically. Can you imagine that all children with same temperament in our society? Can you imaginze that all children study same subject will contribution our society with effectively and efficiently? Can you imagine that children doing what they do without social morally and ethically? In sum, we should take solution these problem with children in primary.
            In conclusion, children are not only one of factors to determined by destiny of society but also children is the hope of a nation so that we need cultivate their personality and character. More important, we have to educate their fitting into the changeable life and make a correct judment on social morally and ethchially.