阅读TPO11第二篇的一个问题

快乐小水鱼UID: 2762984

Orientation and Navigation 这篇当中的第8题：


Paragraph 5：In experimenting with artificial suns, Kramer made another interesting discovery. If the artificial Sun remained stationary, the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky. Apparently, the birds were assuming that the "Sun" they saw was moving at that rate. When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky. In other words, they were able to compensate for the Sun's movement. This meant that some sort of biological clock was operating-and a very precise clock at that.

8. According to paragraph 5, how did the birds fly when the real Sun was visible?

○ They kept the direction of their flight constant.

○ They changed the direction of their flight at a rate of 15 degrees per hour.

○ They kept flying toward the Sun.

○ They flew in the same direction as the birds that were seeing the artificial Sun

这题答案是A，可是我怎么看都是B啊，希望童鞋们可以帮我解答一下？

快乐小水鱼UID: 2762984

另外还有第三篇Begging by Nestlings中的第5题，答案选的是C，可是这段里面根本就没有提到adaption这一方面啊？？？

史殿金UID: 3319267

根据题干，定位至When the real Sun was visible,问的是 how did the birds fly however, 也就是正确答案是the birds maintained a constant direction 的paraphrase。理解最好，不理解就排除看看：A.kept=maintained 与原文一样,所以正确。B.changed与maintain不符，排除。C.toward the sun？not given,排除.D.as the birds that were seeing the artificial Sun与原文as it moved across the sky不符，排除。
上述用应试技巧，可以答对某些题，但还是慎用。理解的话，原文大概在说，用假太阳固定不动，但鸟会自动调整飞行角度，等看到真太阳的时候，鸟会保持原有方向角度不变，不理会真太阳朝原方向飞，所以此段说鸟除了前几段说的看太阳飞之外还有一种navigation的方法，就是自身生物钟识别方向。理解后也应该选A。

具体原理见


根据太阳的位置定向

信鸽可以在远隔数百千米之外的陌生地方飞回家。地面的可见物 对鸟类几乎不起作用，而它们利用生物钟精确计算的太阳位置则起决 定性作用。如在实验室里对明暗交替的时间(白昼和黑夜的节律)进行 人工改变，这样就可以改变鸽子的体内生物钟。一只体内时钟正常的 信鸽朝着太阳的正确方向起飞(1)(红色箭头表示正确的起飞方向，黑 色箭头表示实际起飞时选择的方向。)人们把鸽子的体内生物钟调前了 6小时后，在中午12时将它放飞，这时鸽子已经把太阳的位置理解成18 时的位置(2)，即位置已向西偏了许多，所以起飞时按18时的太阳的计 算朝东偏了许多(3)。