【我也来听写】Zarina听力要突破~（第一阶段已完，进入第二阶段）

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70
The next style of furniture design I’d liketo discuss is shaker furniture design. The shakers are our(a) religious group, that flourish(ed) in the 19 century United States. At that time, the shakers lived intheir own communities and believed in living simply. This ideal of simplicityextended to their furniture design as you will see. Because the shape of theirfurniture wasn’t supposed to be unnecessarily decorative, the furniture(‘s）surface became the only place to create visual pleasure. Shaker furniture uses（used）light colored woods like pine, maple or cherry. It was often pained（painted) blue,green or yellow. As this flat(these slides) show, some of them（their) most interesting pieces weremade for the workplace. Notice that this sewing table has draws（drawers) that can beput off(pulled out) from either side. This bencher(feature) enables two people to sew at the sametime. Likewise, if you look closely at these lines(slides) of counters and workbenches,you will notice that these pieces were also designed to be used for(from) more than oneside. Thus, several people would be able to work at one time. Nowadays, shakerfurniture designs enjoy (is enjoying)a revival. The simple but stylish furniture made by theshakers is popular among affluent collectors including such celebrities as Billcalled(Cosby) the(and) Opera(Oprah) Winfrey. As you’ve seen, the plane(plainness of) shaker furniture made(makes) that(it) strangelymodern in appearing(appearance). In fact, there are(their)austere minimalist designs have influence（d)several modern furniture designers, some of whom will be(we will) discussed(discuss) next.

1. slide 幻灯片2. sewing 缝纫3. austere 简朴的4. minimalist 极简抽象主义的

本篇比较难，生僻的词比较多。一下子听反应不上来。主要谈论shaker furniture design。

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71
Scientists are always on the lookout for alternativesources of energy. Today, we are going to discuss one that is so plentiful.They say it could supply more energy than all the coal and oil in the world. It’sfinding（found in) something called gas hydrate, and believe it or not, that’s a kind ofice. That’s right. But the water in this ice was way down below the earth('s)surface when it was frozen. So it was under a lot of pressure, and trappedinside the crystal（s) of ice are individual molecule(s) of Macy(methane), that was（--that's what's) in naturalgas. All this makes gas hydrate pretty strange stuff. If you touch a match to apiece of this ice, it will burst into flame. And when geologists bring a chuck（chunk) ofit up to the surface to study its（at) normal air pressure and temperature, gashydrate begins to hiss and bubble. And in less than half an hour, the ice meltsand the Macy(methane) inside escapes into the air. Now, as you might guess, this canmake gas hydrate kind of hard for miners to handle. And then there is the problemof where it’s located, in frozen Antarctic（arctic) regions or in ocean water（s） of（off) the Atlanticcoast and up to a mile down. Environmentalists warn that mining it could evenbe disasters. Offshore draining（drilling) could allow seawater to sip（seep) down into the hugeice(icy) deposits and release tons of Macy
(methane)
up into the atmosphere. And Macy
(methane)
our listenersmay recall is a greenhouse gas that could really worth on(worsen)
the problem of globalwarming. So gas hydrate may offer some interesting possibilities. But withoutthese jog bags(with all these drawbacks), I am not going to hold my breath waiting for （+it） to fill(fuel) my furnace.




1. lookout 留心关注 on the lookout (for)寻找、寻觅
2. methane 甲烷、沼气
3. touch a match 擦一根火柴
4. chunk of 一大块
5. miner 矿工
6.  furnace 火炉




本篇我觉得比较难，单句听着还可以，可是整体上听开始没有听懂。
讲的是新能源。可燃冰，讲了它的构成，里面又甲烷，并且说了它的存在地点不好确定。挖掘可燃冰可能让冰中的甲烷释放出来从而作为greenhouse gas来造成global warming,所以考虑到这些我也不会使用哈~~~最后是开了个玩笑，我不会一边开着火炉一把屏住呼吸吧~

zarina1990UID: 2968274

每次发完后，格式好像有问题，一些单词挤在一起了。。算了，也就如此吧~~

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72

Today, I want to talk about the carable（Cariboo) gold rush of 1858, whichbegin(began) when gold was discovered in thefrontier town of cannel forks(Quesnel Forks),in the Canadian Province of British Columbia. By 1861, thousands of men hadflooded(flocked) to the region, hoping to strikeit rich. Naturally, as the town grew, supply（supplies) had to be broad(brought) in and this was done with mill(mules). Now the mill(mules)were quite reliable, but there were some drawbacks. For example, a mill(mule) carrying a heavy load could travel only 15miles on(in) a day meaning that(+a) typical trip in(into) theCannel(Quesnel) could take as long as 20 days.So as the demand for supplies continued to grow, a group of merchants inparkers(and packers) decided to try a newapproach. Believe it or not, they ship(shipped)in a herd of camels. I know that sounds strange. But the camel trains have(had) been used quite affectively(effectively) during the California gold rush some tenyears earlier. But(+the) result(results) in the carable（Cariboo) region won’t(weren't) quite the same. In fact, it was a disaster.The camel(camels) couldn’t carry the heavierloads the merchants expected them to. There are（Their) two toed feet where(去掉）were perfect for the(去掉） desert travel, but they won’t suit（weren't suited) to carables raged(for Cariboo's rugged) mountain terrain. To makematters worse, the mill(mules) they came (became)very egited (agitated)wheneverthey came across the(a) camel and that cause(caused) a lot of accidents on the trechrous(treacherous) mountain trails. The mill packers(mulepackers) went so fast （far as )to threaten the camel honors(owners) with a lots suit(lawsuits). But the reason the merchants finally gotritten(rid of) the camels is because theseanimals simply won’t(weren't）cut out for the job.

1. flock 聚集，蜂拥而至
2. mule 骡子
3. mulepacker 运骡子的人
4.rugged 崎岖的

5.treacherous 危险的
6.lawsuits 控诉
7.agitated 激动



比较难，错了好多！讲了在淘金期间，货物的运输问题。开始用mule,但是很慢，使用camel,但是虽然camel之前有用，但是在这个rugged mountain terrain，用处不太大。并且还引发了accident.

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73

Look at our topographical map, and you will see that the middle third of thenorthern(North) American continent from theRocky Mountains almost to the Mississippi River is pretty flat. This is theGreat Plains. This kind of area is sometimes called(+a)prairie,sometimes a steppe. That is STEPPE. The defining features are level to ring（terrain), dry climate and(+an) absence of trees. The Great Plains are actuallythe formal or bad(former bed) of(+a) shallow in Lengcy(inlandsea). Over millions of years, sediment left by glaciers.(,) Water and wind moved up(smoothed out) to（去掉） thetry sea bed. As I said, the Great Plains are boarder(bordered)on the west by the Rocky Mountains. As really（And it's really) the rockies that areresponsible for the formation of the grasslands. The mountains are so high thatthey block the heavy moisture(moist) airtravelling in eastward fromSpecific(the Pacific)Ocean. Later(Lighter), drier air passes over themountains. Until people intervined(intervened)with irrigation in（and) farms, only grass could grow on the dry windy plain. In fact, we candivide the Great Plains into three zones. In the west where it is driest andwindiest, the grass is very short. In the eastern zone, there is more rain andgrass growing(grows) as high as 360 centimeters.In the middle third, there is a mix of grass species that grow to anintermediate height.

1. topographical  地形学的2. border 镶边3. smooth out 消除，使平滑4. intervene 介入、干预5.  intermediate

中间的本篇难度中等，介绍了Great Plains. 首先说了它的defineding features: level terrain, dry climate ...然后说了它的形成，formerbed of a shallow inland sea. 然后介绍了它的周围：bordered by the Rocky mountains. 它促成了grassland的形成。最后说道其实greatplain分三个部分。in the middle third,是草的混合并且长度适中（intermediate)~

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74


Did you know you can catch a mood? A bad moodisn’t spread by the virus like the flu is, but it can be contagious.Moods sort of drift from person to person unconsciously. Slight unintentionalsignals carry the mood. You’ll(ve) probably experience(d) it yourself. You are aroundsomeone who is feeling down and showing it. Slap(--slumped) shoulders, downcast mouth, subduedvoice（+ —） all that sort of thing. Pretty soon, you’ll（you) begin to feel depressed soon.Of course, good moods are also catching not just bad ones. Moods spread insteps. One person’s facial expression or whatever is observed by another whothen unconsciously begins to mimic. The process is automatic, a split secondmimicry. The person isn’t even away of (aware of)the copying. A full blown case of moodtransfer develops as this copying continues. Not everyone picks up moods to thesame degree. Those who were（are) most susceptible, often has(have) strong physiologicalresponses to what is going on around them. You know people who break out in thenerve(nervous) sweaty lean(sweat easily) to who stomach chain（and whose stomachs churn). People down on sad（don't all send) moods equally welleither. The best mood senders are expressive people because mood contagion can’thappen without signals. If they aren’t there, that is the person gives no indicationof the moon there(they are) in, nobody will pick up the mood.




1. slumped 下跌的，倒下的
2. downcast 沮丧的
3. full-blown 完全成熟的,全面的
4. churn 搅动



本篇较为简单，是为数不多的心理题材。讲的是关于mood的。mood是能够互相影响的contagious. 先说了坏心情，再说了好心情也是如此。都是在模仿中影响。那些susceptible and expressive 的人的表达的心情最容易被pick up，因为他们会展示很多的signal。



本篇里有一句话中间怎么都挺不来：You know people who break out in thenerve(nervous) sweaty lean(sweat easily) to who stomach chain（and whose stomachs churn).

这句话用在这里是具体说了哪些人是people often has(have) strong physiologicalresponses 的人么~~

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75
We’ve probably all wondered how a new wordgets into a(the) dictionary. Take the word doofus, for example, spell(ed) D-O-O-F-U-S, meaninga stupid or incapiten(incompetent) person. This word which has been around since the late1960s in the(a) slang scint(sense), meaned(made) into the Merriam Webster('s) Clingy(collegiate) dictionary onlyin 1993. Why did it take so long? Well, first of all, dictionary editors like to waitat least 3 years to be sure a word is going to last especially a slang word. Theydon’t want to put in a new word **（prematurely) and then have to take it out in the nextedition. But even for words that aren’t slang, getting into the dictionary isn’teasy. New words have to pass  a lot of editorial tests including howdifficult or easy they are to look up. There is also a limit to how thick a dictionarycan be or how small its type can get before people feel they don’t want to useit. Some words have to come out before others can go in. The Clingy（Collegiate) dictionaryadds about ten thousand words to every edition, but it takes out only a fewhundred. So choices have to be made very carefully.




1. collegiate 大学的
2. slang  俚语
3. prematurely  过早的，早熟的






本篇比较简单，讲述了一个单词是如何进入一本字典了。以slang单词doofus为例，经历和很多年才被收入了韦氏大学词典(Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary)，因为一个单词需要经历检测，包括那些不是slang的单词。这些检测内容包括它的使用难易程度，并且加入不加入还要受到字典thick的限制等等。收录的多，排除的少，所以选择必须要carefully.

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76

Did you ever wonder why it isthat most people are programmed to sleep at night instead of during the day. If there is something about thecycle of light and dark that（is) tells(telling) us when to sleep. Then shouldn’t the sleep cycleof blind person be different? As it turns out, many blind people, people with novisual perception of light at all, do have the same sleep cycle as sightedpeople. So now you('re) wondering how can this happen? The answer is hormones--onehormone in particular—it’s called M(Melatonin). In slighted people, the level of M goes upat night or when it is dark, and goes down in the day, or when it is light. It’sbelieved that it’s the presence of this hormone in the blood that gives us theurge to sleep. If an increase in M level programs sighted people to sleep at night, thenwhat about blind people? A researcher named Dr. C.C, tells about aninteresting experiment. He tries(tried) shining the(a) bright light into the eyes of someblind people. When he did this, he noticed that the level of (+the）M in the blood ofthese subjects went down, just as what it is do（it would do) for sighted people. Somehow,the eyes of these subjects, even though they were damaged and had no visualperception of light, could tell their brain when there is(was) more or less light.Now this doesn’t work for all blind people. In fact, most of C’s subjects hadno hormone over(hormonal) response to let it（light at) all. Further research may be able to explainthe(this) sensitivity to light, in terms of the type of the blindness of the subject.


1. hormonal 激素的，荷尔蒙的、hɔ:'məunəl

本篇比较简单，讲的是关于sleep cycle 是如何决定的问题。如果是light and dark，那么blind People呢？答案是，他们have the same cycle as sighted people. 这是受hormone控制的。CC教授做了实验，用shining bright light 去刺激blind people,发现激素水平发生变化。虽然不是全部的人。但是一定程度上证明了这个问题。当然还需要进一步的研究。

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77
Since we will be(have been) discussing about the alternative fuels lately, I want(ed) to pass on to you some information I read about a new fuel that had(has) been(+in the) news a lot lately. It’s called A-21. It is composed of water and (+a) chemical known as Nepther(Naphtha). It seems to be a very promising fuel because it’s much cleaner than the gasoline that we used(use) today. That is not to say that(+it) doesn’t pollute, but it is cleaner. A-21 isn’t like some other alternative fuels that require completely new type(s) of engines. A-21 still works in regular everyday combustion engines, like the ones in cars, with only minor mechanical magnification(modifications). So changing over wouldn’t be a big deal. You may doubt some of this claim (these claims) as many researchers have. Some people fear(ed) that because it contains about 45 percent water, it would freeze in the winter. But a small nut of (amount of )anti-freeze was added to it, and that seems to solve(have solved) the problem. A-21 has recently undergone three tests sybusis(street tests in buses) that we know(in Reno) in Avada(Nevada之后不作修正), so far it seems to work just fine. This is a good thing especially in Avada, because the state government there has passed a law requiring that a large percentage of the vehicles in Avada run out of(on) alternative fuels. A-21 should help.

1. modification 修正
本篇难度中等，讲的是一种alternative fuels-----A-21。这种能源更为cleaner。可能在combustion engines上使用。它包含45%的水，但是不会在冬天冻住，因为里面加了antifreeze. 在street tests中，表现的好，在Nevada将很有用。因为当地政府通过law 去让大量的vehicles run on alternative fuels,恰好A-21将会起作用！

zarina1990UID: 2968274

前几天需要进行一个答辩，一直在准备材料。昨天晚上终于结束了，今天恢复！

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78
Today, we are going to continue ourdiscussion of modern art and talk about C.S（Charles Csuri之后不再做修改）. C.S has been a part of many modernart movements. He is work（worked） in pop art, cubism, conceptual art. But it made himsmart（he made his mark） as（+a） pioneer in computer art. Even long before computers became popular, hewas punching cards, and feeding the man to the big main free（feeding them into the mainframe) computer at theOhio(State） University. In the beginning, he had to work without the（a) monitor. So hewas **(virtually) creating art in the dark. He even learned computer programming. So hecould experiment with this new tool. Through the computer, S has been able toexplore a new world of possibilities. For example, the computer enables him to sculptin three dimensions. Also he can look at the(a) sculpture from any angle, and moveit around, change the location of the light source, or he can copy it indifferent colors. Over the years, S receives(received) **(numerous) grants for various projects.This money allowed him to train students in computer graphic(s) in(and) animation techniques,and to advance the computer as a medium to(for) artists. Even though he uses modern technology,S still insists he is creating art. He('s) always told his students to keep theissues of art in focus. And not get so called-up(caught up) in the technology but(that) you forgetabout the image.




1. punch 打孔
2. mainframe  主机
3. monitor 显示器
4. make his mark  成名
5. virtually 实质上


本篇难度中等。本篇论述了一个艺术家在电脑方面的成就，利用电脑，它能够从three dimensions来设计它的sculpture. 之后他received numerous grants. 然后来训练学生的电脑绘图以及动画设计。但是他还强大不要过分的被技术所诱而忘记了image本身。。

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79
Now, we areentering kangaroo country. In all, there are more than 15（50） different species ofkangaroo. And the advantage of zoos like ours is that you see them in the（their) naturalhabitat. The once we have all living(live) in the grass lands(grasslands). On my write（right), you cansee one of the biggest types, the red kangaroo. It travels about 20 miles perhour. It looks like hard work, but n.(hopping) actually let(lets) the kangaroo conserve more energy than another animal could when running on four legs. In fact, up to a certainpoint, the faster kangaroo goes the more energy it conserves. Rather thantaking more hubs(hops) to increase speed, the kangaroo makes the links(lenght) of each jump longer.Let’s stop here for a minute. Take a look over on the right at the(this) group ofkangaroo(s) resting, can you see that their ears are moving? Hearing may well bethe kangaroo’s most important sense. There are(Their) two large ears can moveindependently. So sometimes, one ear is putting(pointing) forward and the other towards(toward) (+the)rear. Kangaroos’ eyesight is also excellent. They have a wide field (+of) vision andlike most brazing(grazing) animals. They are especially good at detecting movement.Before we move on, I’d like to point it（去掉） out one more thing. If you lookclosely, you can see a joey, that’s the（a) baby kangaroo peering out of his mother’sporch(pouch). Before a（去掉） long, that joey will be out of the porch（pouch) for good, the mother willpush it out when（by) the time （+it）is 8 month(s) old.



1. grassland 大草原
2. hop  跳跃
3. graze 放牧
4. pouch 育儿袋
5. peer out 凝视




本篇较为简单，是在动物园参观时候的讲解。讲述了袋鼠的习性。

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Before we **(adjourn), I’d like to remind everybody about the upcomingfund-raise（fundraising） event—the 10 kilometer run. The run is been(being) organized to help raise money for therenovation of the old gym. Our gym is in desperate need (of) repair. And the university must rely on entirely(entirely on) unprivate(private)donations to pay for its renovation. This event will be the students’contribution to the effort. The procedure for participating is quite simple. Noentrance fees, the advanced registration and you don’t have to be the bestapplicant(athlete) on campus. You only need tofind sponsors willing to contribute one or more dollars for every kilometer ofthe race you complete. So, for example, if you run all 10 kilometers, you (will) collect 10 dollars from someone who is (has) pledged to give you 1 dollar per kilometer.After the run, a race official will recall (record)the numbers(number) of kilometers you(have) completed. Then you can(+then)show the recoteer(record to your) sponsors whenyou collect (+the) money. You might encourageyour friends to run in the race by telling them that there will be awards foreveryone who gets 5 sponsors or more. But above all, it will just be a lot offun. So please, spread award(the word) and geteveryone involved either is(as) runners orsponsors.



1.
1. Adjourn 休会
本   本篇难度适中，主要介绍了一个fundraising的项目，要runner找到sponsors，sponsors会赞助runner，根据在race中的kilometer,给runner一定的fund，这个fund将用于gym的renovation.

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81
And as we enter this next gallery, pleaseturn your attention to the status(statue) onyour right. It’s a bust of the seventh president of the United States, AndrewJackson. It was done by an(去掉) American sculptor Helen（Hiram）Powers. Mr. Powers is particularly significant to our sculpture collectionhere in the Mochopoleton(Metropolitan) museum ofart. His statue in titles(entitled) California,was the first work by an American artist, to become part of the collection of(at the) met. But that (back) tothis piece. When Powers was modeling this bust, he asked the president, who wassixty eight years old of the time, if he wanted to be made to appear youngerthan that. President Jackson replied he didn’t. So as you can see, he showedhairs (he is shown here) with winkles andlines of aging and down (etched on) hisface. Consequently, this bust is considered to be one of the most realistic portals(portrayals) of Andrew Jackson. Powers travels(ed) from his studio in Italy to the White House, todo the original study for the bust. He did the study in Cline (clay), but he sculpted the final statue from fineItalian marble as you can see. I should add that the usual practice of (at) the time was to get the local artisans to do theactual carbin(carving) of the marble. Note that thepresident was tripped (is draped) in the RomanToga. This is because in the 19(th) century, thatwas the Cast Mar (customary) attire forrepresentation of heads of state and other important figures. Powers kept thebust in his studio until after the President Jackson’s death. When it was so(sold) to the democratic club in New York City, it waslent to as(us here) serious(at the) mat in 1874 and 20 years later became part ofour permanent collection. Now if you (+will)step this way, we will move on to the next piece.


1.
Portrayal 画像、肖像
2.
Drape 遮盖
3.
Customary 通常的、习惯的
4.
Artisan 工匠技工
5.
Toga 宽大长袍
6.
Attire 服装


本篇较难，生词较多。描述了Powers作为sculptor的作品之一，就是给seventh president Hiram Powers 的雕像。这个是最realistic 的statue之一。最后描述了雕像的attire。并且说了为什么他在这个museum里面。

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If you like(d) the color of (colorful)animals we justsaw, you are going to love these next animals, frogs. You might not normallythink of frogs as being colorful. But these frogs definitely are. They are the dark(dart)-poisonfrogs of central and southern(south) America. Look at their striking colors, oftenyellow with black strips(stripes) or deep blue with black spots. Beyond being nice tolook at, this marking has(markings have a) purpose. They warn predators that these frogs arepoisonous. When threatened, these frogs create(secrete) a substance through their skinthat would easily kill whatever animal might try to eat them. Their brightcolors communicate this and so most animals tend not to hunt them. Now,speaking of hunting, for centuries, these frogs were thought(sought) after by hunters.As you might think, the hunters didn’t want to eat the frogs, for rather(but rather) than(they)capture(ed) them for their poison. They would add the poison to the tips of theirhunting erals(arrows). Of course, nowadays, most hunters use guns. These days,dark(dart)-poison frogs are（+of) less interested（interest) to hunters than to medical researchers.Researches believe that they can make new heart medicine from the poison, becauseit excessively(acts as a ) stimulates(stimulant) on the body’s nerve(nervous) system. Researchers think that it(they)could use it to stimulate(+a) weak heart. There is, however, a problem with doingresearch on these frogs. Those that(+are) caught in the wild will produce theirpoison until they die. However, those that(+are) born in captivity, like the ones yousee here, will not produce any poison at all.





1. stripe 斑纹、条纹

2. arrow 箭
3. stimulant 刺激物
4. captivity 俘虏、囚禁




本篇难度适中，就是小词很多，容易错。讲述了带领参观dart-poison frogs. 首先描述了外观，接着说了他们的用途，hunter们为了poisons，可以用在arrow上。之后说了现在这个被用来medical research.可以用来stimulate a weak heart. 最后说了a problem.