36套E17 E18 E19 E20

cristina2010UID：2923407

E17

Volcanic rock that forms as fluid lava chills rapidly is called pillow lava. This rapid chilling occurs when lava erupts directly into water (or beneath ice) or when it flows across a shoreline and into a body of water. While the term ―pillow lava‖ suggests a definite shape, in fact geologists disagree. Some geologists argue that pillow lava is characterized by discrete, ellipsoidal masses. Others describe pillow lava as a tangled mass of cylindrical, interconnected flow lobes. Much of this controversy probably results from unwarranted extrapolations of the original configuration of pillow flows from two- dimensional cross sections of eroded pillows in land outcroppings. Virtually any cross section cut through a tangled mass of interconnected flow lobes would give the appearance of a pile of discrete ellipsoidal masses. Adequate three- dimensional images of intact pillows are essential for defining the true geometry of pillowed flows and thus ascertaining their mode of origin. Indeed, the term ―pillow,‖ itself suggestive of discrete masses, is probably a misnomer.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
2. The author of the passage would most probably agree that the geologists mentioned in the fourth sentence have made which of the following errors in reasoning?
□A Generalized unjustifiably from available evidence.
□B Deliberately ignored existing counterevidence.
□C Repeatedly failed to take new evidence into account.




为什么选A

cristina2010UID：2923407

E18

At the Shadybrook dog kennel, all the adult animals were given a new medication designed to reduce a dog‘s risk of contracting a certain common infection. Several days after the medication was administered, most of the puppies of these dogs had elevated temperatures. Since raised body temperature is a side effect of this medication, the kennel owner hypothesized that the puppies‘ elevated temperatures resulted from the medication‘s being passed to them through their mothers‘ milk.

8. Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the kennel owner‘s hypothesis?
(A) Some puppies have been given the new medication directly but have not suffered elevated temperatures as a side effect.
(B) The new medication has been well received by dog breeders as a safe and effective way of preventing the spread of certain common canine infections.
(C) None of the four puppies in the kennel who had been bottle-fed with formula had elevated temperatures.
(D) an elevated temperature is a side effect of a number of medications for dogs other than the new medication administered at the kennel.

(E) Elevated temperatures such as those suffered by most of the puppies in the kennel rarely have serious long-term effects on a puppy‘s health.

答案E， C不对吗？

cristina2010UID：2923407

E20

For some time scientists have believed that cholesterol plays a major role in heart disease because people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect, have six to eight times the normal level of cholesterol in their blood and they invariably develop heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDL‘s), which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDL‘s from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDL‘s remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels. Scientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to produce more LDL‘s than normal individuals. How, scientists wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a slow-down in the removal of LDL‘s from the blood also result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-carrying protein?

Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hyper- cholesterolemia was severely limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University in Japan in 1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colony had ten times the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood. By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease. To his surprise, Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with familial hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDL receptors. Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of familial hyper-

cholesterolemia in humans.

Prior to the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was known that LDL‘s are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL‘s), which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts of cholesterol. The triglycerides are removed from the VLDL‘s by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant particle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit, due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDL‘s. The LDL receptors thus have a dual effect in controlling LDL levels. They are necessary to prevent oversynthesis of LDL‘s from VLDL remnants and they are necessary for the normal removal of LDL‘s from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists are now well on the way toward developing drugs that dramatically lower cholesterol levels in people afflicted with certain forms of familial hypercholesterolemia.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
4. The passage supplies information to answer which
of the following questions EXCEPT?
A Which body cells are the primary users of cholesterol?
B How did scientists discover that LDL‘s are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor?
C Where in the body are VLDL remnants degraded?

6. The passage implies that Watanabe rabbits differ
from normal rabbits in which of the following ways?
(A) Watanabe rabbits have more LDL receptors than do normal rabbits.
(B) The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains more VLDL remnants than does the blood of normal rabbits.
(C) Watanabe rabbits have fewer fatty tissues than do normal rabbits.
(D) Watanabe rabbits secrete lower levels of
VLDL‘s than do normal rabbits.
(E) The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains fewer LDL‘s than does the blood of normal rabbits.


答案 AB    B

watertcafeUID：2999484

E17那道题

第四句话：Some geologists argue that pillow lava is characterized by discrete, ellipsoidal masses.
文中信息：【Much of this controversy probably results from unwarranted extrapolations of the original configuration of pillow flows from two- dimensional cross sections of eroded pillows in land outcroppings. Virtually any cross section cut through a tangled mass of interconnected flow lobes would give the appearance of a pile of discrete ellipsoidal masses.】

unwarranted extrapolations  = generalized unjustifiably

所谓available evidence就是上面那段话中提到的信息，二维数据吧。Virtually。。。这段话提示，不能从这些信息中推得这些科学家所持有的观点。文中最后提到了需要更有用的三维数据来确定科学家们这个争论的答案。

水与阳光UID：3004590

同样质疑E18的答案

cristina2010UID：2923407

4# watertcafe

谢谢

所有的答案都可以在原文中找到？

watertcafeUID：2999484

6# cristina2010

严格来说，是的。即使是infer,imply之类的题，也要严格基于原文，而不是自己臆测……这是所有英语考试，不论国内还是国外的，统一的准则。选完一个答案，要在心里问自己，我为什么选这个？理由是？如果你的理由开头就是“我想~~我觉得~~~我认为~~~”之类，那你就危险了。千万不要把自己的思想带入~~~要根据文章作者的思想来哦^^

cristina2010UID：2923407

7# watertcafe

做题时感觉时间不够，不是没事分析选项，就是没时间分析短文。
是缺乏联系，还是方法不对？
谢谢

watertcafeUID：2999484

8# cristina2010

缺乏练习吧~~我的速度也不够。速度上去了正确率就下来了=v= 所以要好好练自己的快速阅读和理解能力啊。
去看看杨鹏老师的长难句吧~按照他书上的要求来练~