【TPO每日阅读小组】+sodapeng作业贴

sodapengUID: 3242849

Tpo6
Reading1：

The source had long been known but not exploited. Early in the eighteenth century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum. This ―atmospheric engine,‖ invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed. In the 1760s, James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam, so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary motion. He thereby transformed an inefficient pump of limited use into a steam engine of a thousand uses. The final step came when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward, thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.

5. According to paragraph 2, the ―atmospheric engine‖ was slow because
○it had been designed to be used in coal mines
○the cylinder had to cool between each stroke
○it made use of expanding steam to raise the piston in its cylinder
○it could be operated only when a large supply of fuel was available
题干没有看清楚啊，选的是为什么slow 而不是为什么fuel使用率低。。。不是很好定位。


By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in the British Isles, and Britain retained a virtual monopoly on steam engine production until the 1830s. Steam power did not merely spin cotton and roll iron; early in the new century, it also multiplied ten times over the amount of paper that a single worker could produce in a day. At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty. Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by either canal boats or turnpikes. Boats could carry heavy weights, but canals could not cross hilly terrain; turnpikes could cross the hills, but the roadbeds could not stand up under great weights. These problems needed still another solution, and the ingredients for it lay close at hand. In some industrial regions, heavily laden wagons, with flanged wheels, were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine. Another generation passed before inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients, by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the eighteenth century.

9. The word ―retained‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to
○gained
○established
○profited from
○maintained
再这么错下去，单词题会要了我的命的。。。


11. According to paragraph 4, providing a machine to take the place of the horse involved combining which two previously separate ingredients?
○Turnpikes and canals
○Stationary steam engines and wagons with flanged wheels
○Metal rails in roadbeds and wagons capable of carrying heavy loads
○Canal boats and heavily laden wagons
这道题还是题没有看清啊，人家问horse，一定先要在原文中定位horse再做判断


The Industrial Revolution would not have been possible without a new source of power that was efficient, movable, and continuously available.
●
●
●
Answer Choices
○In the early eighteenth century, Savery and Newcomen discovered that expanding steam could be used to raise a piston in a cylinder.
○Watt’s steam engine played a leading role in greatly increasing industrial production of all kinds.
○Until the 1830s, Britain was the world’s major producer of steam engines.
○In the mid-1700s James Watt transformed an inefficient steam pump into a fast, flexible, fuel-efficient engine.
○In the 1790s William Murdoch developed a new way of lighting houses and streets using coal gas.
○The availability of steam engines was a major factor in the development of railroads, which solved a major transportation problem.
1 6 我开始觉得都是minor 然后突然想到一个方法来判断是不是minor 就是看文章中描述这一观点所用篇幅 1 这只是个小观点，那一段主要是讲他们通过1 发明了蒸汽机。而6用最后整一段来讲，必然不是minor了

Reading2

This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find. Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10,000 miles per year. In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, ―A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland,‖ a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.

5. The word ―meticulously‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to
○carefully
○quickly
○frequently
○obviously
哎。。。单词题！！！！

In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the ―father of English geology,‖ it was not only for his maps but also for something even more important. Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers. Quartz is quartz—a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions—there’s no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago.

7. Why does the author use the phrase ―Quartz is quartz‖?
○To describe how the differences between Pleistocene and Cambrian quartz reveal information about dating rocks
○To point out that the chemical composition of quartz makes it more difficult to date than other rocks
○To provide an example of how regional differences in rock sequences can make a particular rock difficult to date
○To explain that rocks are difficult to use for dating because their chemical compositions always remain the same over time
哎。。这道题要通过上下文理解，不难的，当时就是看了本句，猜了下。。原文是天啊！

Reading3

Three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.

5. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?
○Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions.
○Young children may form long-term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hear or are told.
○Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones.
○Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by explicit verbal descriptions.
哎，长得最像原文的最不能选哇亲- -。。。还是句子没有搞懂。。。1错了 不是及寄主motor activities 而是通过这些活动来达到长期记忆



A third likely explanation for infantile amnesia involves incompatibilities between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults retrieve it. Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it. The better able the person is to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful.

This view is supported by a variety of factors that can create mismatches between very young children's encoding and older children's and adults' retrieval efforts. The world looks very different to a person whose head is only two or three feet above the ground than to one whose head is five or six feet above it. Older children and adults often try to retrieve the names of things they saw, but infants would not have encoded the information verbally. General knowledge of categories of events such as a birthday party or a visit to the doctor's office helps older individuals encode their experiences, but again, infants and toddlers are unlikely to encode many experiences within such knowledge structures.

9. The phrase ―This view‖ in the passage refers to the belief that
○the ability to retrieve a memory partly depends on the similarity between the encoding and retrieving process
○the process of encoding information is less complex for adults than it is for young adults and infants
○infants and older children are equally dependent on discussion of past events for the retrieval of information
○infants encode information in the same way older children and adults do
就是因为一单词不认识啊。。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

Tpo5
Reading1 全队
Reading2

The greater Pacific region, traditionally called Oceania, consists of three cultural areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific, contains the large islands of New Guinea, the Solomons, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. Micronesia, the area north of Melanesia, consists primarily of small scattered islands. Polynesia is the central Pacific area in the great triangle defined by Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand. Before the arrival of Europeans, the islands in the two largest cultural areas, Polynesia and Micronesia, together contained a population estimated at 700,000.

1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true statements about Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia EXCEPT:
○ Collectively, these regions are traditionally known as Oceania.
○ These islands of Micronesia are small and spread out.
○ Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand mark the boundaries of Polynesia.
○ Melanesia is situated to the north of Micronesia.
我去。。。。4这两个单词长得也太像了吧。。。去去去。。下次一定看清啊！


The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed that these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian languages (a group of several hundred related languages) and began to emerge in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B.C.E. The culture of that time, based on archaeology and linguistic reconstruction, is assumed to have had a broad inventory of cultivated plants including taro, yarns, banana, sugarcane, breadfruit, coconut, sago, and rice. Just as important, the culture also possessed the basic foundation for an effective maritime adaptation, including outrigger canoes and a variety of fishing techniques that could be effective for overseas voyaging.

8. In paragraph 3, why does the author provide information about the types of crops grown and boats used in Southeast Asia during the period around 5000 B. C. E.?
○ To evaluate the relative importance of agriculture and fishing to early Austronesian peoples
○ To illustrate the effectiveness of archaeological and linguistic methods in discovering details about life in ancient times
○ To contrast living conditions on the continent of Asia with living conditions on the Pacific islands
○ To demonstrate that people from this region had the skills and resources necessary to travel to and survive on the Pacific islands
托福阅读每一段的内容以及论证一定是围绕主题句展开的，一定要往主旨找主题句！及第一句话~上想！！！！


Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. Detailed studies of the winds and currents using computer simulations suggest that drifting canoes would have been a most unlikely means of colonizing the Pacific. These expeditions were likely driven by population growth and political dynamics on the home islands, as well as the challenge and excitement of exploring unknown waters. Because all Polynesians, Micronesians, and many Melanesians speak Austronesian languages and grow crops derived from Southeast Asia, all these peoples most certainly derived from that region and not the New World or elsewhere. The undisputed pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate, has sometimes been used to support Heyerdahl’s ―American Indians in the Pacific‖ theories. However, this is one plant out of a long list of Southeast Asian domesticates. As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America.

9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.
○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.
○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.
○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.
哎哟我去！！又是单词！！

idealibtUID: 2667256

受刺激了！！！！都做到TPO 5了？！！！！ 我崩溃了啊

sodapengUID: 3242849

18# idealibt 。。。我考的早哇~~~想做两遍估计都来不及。。。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

Tpo4
Reading1
The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops."

4. The phrase "in the same breath" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ impatiently
○ humorously
○ continuously
○ immediately
这句话都没看懂= =、、、终于开始背单词了~~~有点成效~


6. According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time David Douglas returned in 1832?
○The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company.
○Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.
○Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.
○Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased
哎。。最后一句picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort 就直接把答案选了。。就错了。。前面是once啊。。。后面还有个gone。。。这么简单的句子成分都搞不清。。。去shi 吧。。。

Reading2

The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.
1．The word ―marked‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to
○considerable
○surprising
○limited
○adequate
哎。。知道是显著的意思。。感觉surprising也有这意思么= = 还是看镇魂去吧。。


The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.

4．According to paragraph 2, what makes some researchers think that certain cave paintings were connected with magical-religious activities?
○The paintings were located where many people could easily see them, allowing groups of people to participate in the magical-religious activities.
○Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use paintings of animals in their magical-religious rituals.
○Evidence of magical-religious activities has been found in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves.
○The paintings were found in hard-to-reach places away from the inhabited parts of the cave.
哎哎。。姐！！！我求你了，你看清题好不啊！！人家问和宗教活动有关，你看了个对的就往上选。。。定位啊亲！！！

The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.

8．Why does the author mention that Upper Paleolithic cave art seemed to have ―reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing‖?
○To argue that Upper Paleolithic art ceased to include animals when herds of game became scarce
○To provide support for the idea that the aim of the paintings was to increase the supply of animals for hunting
○To emphasize the continued improvement in the quality of cave art throughout the Upper Paleolithic period
○To show the direct connection between the decrease in herds of game and the end of the Upper Paleolithic period
这道题和前面做的当时觉得很有价值的一道题一样，这种问什么要mention 这个的都要往本段的主题句上想，往上面凑！一定是对的！但是这道题比较麻烦就是在此段的主题句是The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals不是很好说明想表达什么，但是往后面再细看。发现整段基本都是讲为毛线都话animal，那么这个肯定是原因，去表明为什么是画animal 或者前面提出了一个原因，这个作为例证来证明，只有这两种情况。那么前面一句讲的是原因，为了得到更多的supply，那么就是证明这个观点了~稍微有些绕，不过想想也还蛮有趣的~


The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.

11．According to paragraph 4, what change is evident in the art of the period following the Upper Paleolithic?
○This new art starts to depict small animals rather than large ones.
○This new art ceases to reflect the ways in which people obtained their food.
○This new art no longer consists mostly of representations of animals.
○This new art begins to show the importance of hunting to the economy.
这道题蒙对了，细细那句看了下，其实只要留心，很好做对的，一开始被前面那个迷惑了，其实看下前面那句 有according 还有seem 就说可能，后面还有but 转折就能看出肯定不是前面喽。。。一个cease瞬间真相了~~~

Reading3

Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.

1．The word ―accumulate‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to
○grow up
○build up
○spread out
○break apart
词汇题真心不想说啥了。。。1 2 赶脚没区别么！！

sodapengUID: 3242849

哎。。就不把重新做的错误往上贴了。。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

md。。说我有不良信息！！就是放个tpo21的总结啊。。。
哼 小爷不放了！

sodapengUID: 3242849

太伤感了！不想贴22的错误分析了。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

23还能看得过去~就贴下 哈哈~
Tpo23
Reading1
       
Paragraph 4: Cities, then, are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, and together they produce a phenomenon known as the urban heat island. Heat islands develop best under particular conditions associated with light winds, but they can form almost any time. The precise configuration of a heat island depends on several factors. For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme; in winter, busy streets in cities can be 1.7℃ warmer than the side streets. Areas near traffic lights can be similarly warmer than the areas between them because of the effect of cars standing in traffic instead of moving. The maximum differences in temperature between neighboring urban and rural environments is called the heat-island intensity for that region. In general, the larger the city, the greater its heat-island intensity. The actual level of intensity depends on such factors as the physical layout, population density, and productive activities of a metropolis.

8. According to paragraph 4, what can explain the substantial differences in temperature between one area and other within a well-developed heat island?
○ The overall size of the heat island that includes the two reasons
○ The intensify of the heat island that includes the two areas
○ Differences between the two areas in the general level of activity, including traffic
○ Differences between the two areas in the insulation materials used in construction
哎。。真的。。我觉得每次错题都可以归结为定位错误。这题的定位明明是well-developed heat island, 但是定位的时候就定到最后几句了。。。太太。。。太伤感了！
Reading2

Paragraph 3: In addition to dairy farming and cultivating industrial crops, a third sector of the Dutch economy reflected the way in which agriculture was being modernized-horticulture. ■In the sixteenth century, fruit and vegetables were to be found only in gardens belonging to wealthy people. ■This changed in the early part of the seventeenth century when horticulture became accepted as an agricultural sector. ■Whole villages began to cultivate fruit and vegetables. ■The produce was then transported by water to markets in the cities, where the consumption of fruit and vegetables was no longer restricted to the wealthy.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage
Some villages specialized in growing cabbages and carrots; others grew onions, mustard, and coriander; and still others produced fruit and cultivated trees in nurseries.
Where would the sentence best fit?
哎哎。。。犯了多少回这种错。。咋就不长记性呢么！！。。。还是要找关键词！！villages 可以定位到3 4。然后先笼统，在具体 就得了~选4
Reading3

Paragraph 5: In the 1970s when the study of Australian archaeology was in an exciting phase of development, with the great antiquity of rock art becoming clear. Lesley Maynard, the archaeologist who coined the phrase ―Panaramitee style,‖ suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art, in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals), followed by a range of complex figurative styles that, unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition tended to much greater regional diversity. While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites, which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years a number of writers have warned that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia, in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important. In this context the simplicity of a geometric motif may be more apparent than real. Motifs of seeming simplicity can encode complex meanings in Aboriginal Australia. And has not twentieth-century art shown that naturalism does not necessarily follow abstraction in some kind of predetermine sequence?
10. According to paragraph 5, the complex figurative style differs from the geometric style in that the complex figurative style
○ varies significantly from region to region
○ is more meaningful
○ appears on only a few types of rocks
○ has changed little overtime
又是定位错误。。其实我觉得吧。。每次定位错误后就觉得特别难选出答案。。。可纠结。。。其实以后倒是可以向 t又不是g。。不可能那么难。。一定是显而易见的。。不会给你出那种特不明显的。。虽然ets越来越变态了= =。。。恩恩~~

14. Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provides below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Interest in the rock art of the original inhabitants of Australia has grown over the last two centuries.
●
●
●
Answer Choices
○ Late nineteenth century studies of Aboriginal rock art railed to recognize that a variety of styles existed.
○ The extreme age of the earliest Aboriginal rock art has been established but the interpretation of rock art images is still debated.
○ A sequence from geometric to more representative art fits many sites but does not necessarily indicate a progression from simple to complex meaning.
○ In determining the way in which Australian rock art was organized, archaeologists have made little distinction between geometric and figurative elements.
○ Older examples of rock art consist of simple, repeated geometric patterns while later rock art includes figures and animals.
○ Aboriginal informants were able to explain the meanings of ancient rock art symbols.
哎。。每次最后一题总是不想贴。。。觉得这玩意。。真纠结。。错了也懒得分析。。现在也是这状态。。我可以去shi了。。考试这道题只能靠rp了。。。

TeresaionUID: 3278763

:loveliness:

sodapengUID: 3242849

:loveliness:
Teresaion 发表于 2012-3-27 20:01

。。。ls好~~

秋雨荆州UID: 2903781

加油啦！

sodapengUID: 3242849

好吧 又开始二战准备了= =。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

Tpo21
1

Paragraph 2: By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80° to 180° centigrade. Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.
Paragraph 3: Geothermal reservoirs with temperatures above 180° centigrade are useful for generating electricity. They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic activity as hot, dry rock; natural hot water; or natural steam. The latter two sources are limited to those few areas where surface water seeps down through underground faults or fractures to reach deep rocks heated by the recent activity of molten rock material. The world's largest supply of natural steam occurs at The Geysers, 120 kilometers north of San Francisco, California. In the 1990s enough electricity to meet about half the needs of San Francisco was being generated there. This facility was then in its third decade of production and was beginning to show signs of decline, perhaps because of over development. By the late 1990s some 70 geothermal electric-generating plants were in operation in California, Utah, Nevada, and Hawaii, generating enough power to supply about a million people. Eighteen countries now generate electricity using geothermal heat.


7. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about geothermal reservoirs?
O Volcanic heat is associated only with geothermal reservoirs that have a temperature over 180° centigrade.
O More countries produce power from geothermal reservoirs than use them for heating buildings.
O Most geothermal reservoirs are suitable for producing electricity.
O A higher geothermal reservoir temperature is needed to generate electricity than is needed to heat homes.
正选 4 错选 3.其实这道题很好看出来的。。一定要抓住每段的开头句！这两段开头句一个说80-180 一个是180以上，很好看出来的两个层次，，


Heat reservoirs in the form of hot rock far beneath Earth's surface are a potential source of usable geothermal energy.
O
O
O

Answer Choices
O Heat reservoirs with a temperature from 80° to 180° centigrade can be used, as in France and Iceland, to heat buildings.
O A number of countries now use geothermal reservoirs that contain water or steam above 180° centigrade to generate electricity.
O Most heat reservoirs with a temperature above 180° centigrade cannot be used for energy because they are usually too close to recent volcanic activity.
O The sinking of land above heat reservoirs and other environmental problems arise when water is pumped into a heat reservoir under high pressure.
O Experiments are under way to determine if geothermally heated waters could be used as a source of certain minerals that have been dissolved out of hot rocks deep within Earth.
O A number of issues, including how to extract heat from reservoirs that do not have a natural supply of water, will significantly limit the use of geothermal energy for the foreseeable future.
3一看就不对啊。。有个volcanic 文章基本没提到啊。。。一定要把握最主要的意思。。

2

Paragraph 5: It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996), that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity, that is, the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. Cognitive fluidity explains the appearance of art, religion, and sophisticated speech. Once humans possessed such a mind, they were able to find an imaginative solution to a situation of severe economic crisis such as the farming dilemma described earlier. Mithen proposes the existence of four mental elements to account for the emergence of farming: (1) the ability to develop tools that could be used intensively to harvest and process plant resources; (2) the tendency to use plants and animals as the medium to acquire social prestige and power; (3) the tendency to develop "social relationships" with animals structurally similar to those developed with people—specifically, the ability to think of animals as people (anthropomorphism) and of people as animals (totemism); and (4) the tendency to manipulate plants and animals.


10. According to paragraph 5, Steven Mithen believes that all of the following contributed to the emergence of farming EXCEPT
O the development of a mind flexible enough to come up with solutions to complex problems
O the tendency to use plants and animals to acquire power
O the tendency to emphasize the differences between animals and people
O the ability to make tools that could be used for the large-scale harvesting of plants
其实这道题还是因为对句子的理解不够到位 这里四点中的第三点说的并不是 difference. 所以3不对。1对不对需要再在文章中进行定位。。可以发现在前面几句又说到

sodapengUID: 3242849

哈哈哈~！！！20只错了一个啊！！！！！我觉得我今儿晚上睡觉都会笑醒~~哈哈