【TPO每日阅读小组】+sodapeng作业贴

sodapengUID: 3242849

Tpo18 reading
1
Paragraph 4: Location was an important factor for all four countries. All had immediate access to the sea, and this had important implications for a significant international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport, merchant marines, and the shipbuilding industry. Each took advantage of these opportunities in its own way. The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). Denmark also had an admirable commercial history, particularly with respect to traffic through the Sound (the strait separating Denmark and Sweden). In 1857, in return for a payment of 63 million kronor from other commercial nations, Denmark abolished the Sound toll dues the fees it had collected since 1497 for the use of the Sound. This, along with other policy shifts toward free trade, resulted in a significant increase in traffic through the Sound and in the port of Copenhagen.


5. The word ―exceptional‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to
extraordinary
surprising
immediate
predictable
哎。。单词题就不说了= =。。exceptional [ɪk'sepʃ(ə)n(ə)l; ek-] 报错
adj. 异常的，例外的
n. 超常的学生


Paragraph 6: The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited. This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were fortunate enough to be well placed in times of prosperity. In Sweden exports accounted for 18 percent of the national income in 1870, and in 1913, 22 percent of a much larger national income. In the early twentieth century, Denmark exported 63 percent of its agricultural production: butter, pork products, and eggs. It exported 80 percent of its butter, almost all to Great Britain, where it accounted for 40 percent of British butter imports.
10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
The early industrializes controlled most of the international economy, leaving these countries to stake out new areas of specialization along the margins.
Aided by their high literacy rates these countries were able to claim key areas of specialization within established international markets.


High literacy rates enabled these countries to take over international markets and adapt the international division of labor to suit their strengths.
The international division of labor established by the early industrializers was suited to these countries, a key factor in their success.
原选3 正选2 其实这道题用排除法比较好些。。个人觉得2也有不完整的部分，原文是adapt to 和 开拓新领域。。是两个方面，2只有一个方面。。但是 1 3 4 有明显不对的地方 1 并没有control 3 take over 不对 4 原文没有labor 意。。。
2

Paragraph 1： According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. Unfortunately, the few scientific investigations of yawning have failed to find any connection between how often someone yawns and how much sleep they have had or how tired they are. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten.
1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
It is the conventional theory that when people are bored or sleepy, they often experience a drop in blood oxygen levels due to their shallow breathing.
The conventional theory is that people yawn when bored or sleepy because yawning raises blood oxygen levels, which in turn raises alertness.
According to conventional theory, yawning is more likely to occur when people are bored or sleepy than when they are alert and breathing deeply.
Yawning according to the conventional theory, is caused by boredom or lack of sleep and can be avoided through deeper breathing.

原选1 正选2 其实是忘记了句子复述是不仅要正确，还要完整表述句子意思。。1 中虽然陈述的都是正确的，但是漏掉了reversing 的内容。。。所以选2


Paragraph 4: The empirical evidence, such as it is, suggests an altogether different function for yawning—namely, that yawning prepares us for a change in activity level. Support for this theory came from a study of yawning behavior in everyday life. Volunteers wore wrist-mounted devices that automatically recorded their physical activity for up to two weeks: the volunteers also recorded their yawns by pressing a button on the device each time they yawned. The data showed that yawning tended to occur about 15 minutes before a period of increased behavioral activity. Yawning bore no relationship to sleep patterns, however. This accords with anecdotal evidence that people often yawn in situations where they are neither tired nor bored, but are preparing for impending mental and physical activity. Such yawning is often referred to as "incongruous" because it seems out of place, at least on the tiredness view: soldiers yawning before combat, musicians yawning before performing, and athletes yawning before competing. Their yawning seems to have nothing to do with sleepiness or boredom—quite the reverse—but it does precede a change in activity level.
10. The word ―empirical‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to
reliable
based on common sense
relevant
based on observation
哎。。又是单词题 好好背单词吧 = =。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

Tpo17
Reading2

Paragraph 1: The daytime quality of light in forests varies with the density of the vegetation, the angle of the Sun, and the amount of cloud in the sky. Both animals and plants have different appearances in these various lighting conditions. A color or pattern that is relatively indistinct in one kind of light may be quite conspicuous in another.
1. The phrase conspicuous in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Commom
○Noticeable
○Different
○Colorful
又是单词。。= =。。。每次不错上几个单词就不是我了。。。赶紧开始看单词吧！！！没剩几天了！！


Less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the rain forest tend to rely on forms of signaling other than the visual, particularly over long distances. ■ The piercing cries of the rhinoceros hornbill characterize the Southeast Asian rain forest, as do the unmistakable calls of the gibbons. ■ In densely wooded environments, sound is the best means of communication over distance because in comparison with light, it travels with little impediment from trees and other vegetation. ■ In forests, visual signals can be seen only at short distances, where they are not obstructed by trees. ■ The male riflebird exploits both of these modes of signaling simultaneously in his courtship display. The sounds made as each wing is opened carry extremely well over distance and advertise his presence widely. The ritualized visual display communicates in close quarters when a female has approached.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
There is also the long, rather terrifying call of the male orangutan, which carries over considerable distances to advertise his presence.
Where would the sentence best fit?
正选2 原选4 重做一遍的时候还是选错了。。其实这道题蛮简单的，还是定位词没有找对。。。call 和also。。~

Reading3

Paragraph 4: In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized.
7. The word inadvertently in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Indefensibly
○Substantially
○Unintentionally
○Partially
又是单词。。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

突然发现前天发的18的错题不见了= =。。。

sodapengUID: 3242849

好吧、。、前几天做的都没贴
Tpo15
Reading 1

Paragraph1: Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snow falls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.
1. The word ―interlocked‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to
○intermediate
○linked
○frozen
○fully developed
再错单词题就真心要死了啊。。。


Paragraph2: Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the system’s input and meltwater as the system's main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow. Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.

6. Paragraph 2 implies that which of the following conditions produces the fastest moving glaciers?
○A climate characteristic of the polar regions
○A thick layer of ice in a temperate climate
○Long, warm summers
○Snow, firn, and ice that have been buried for several years、
正选2 错选4。。定位错误。。不知道为啥定的是flow 然后就看成前一句了。。。其实很好定位到最后一句。。。其实还有句子理解不到位。。

Reading2
Paragraph 4: Gigantothermy, though, would not be enough to keep a leatherback warm in cold northern waters. It is not enough for whales, which supplement it with a thick layer of insulating blubber (fat). Leatherbacks do not have blubber, but they do have a reptilian equivalent: thick, oil-saturated skin, with a layer of fibrous, fatty tissue just beneath it. Insulation protects the leatherback everywhere but on its head and flippers. Because the flippers are comparatively thin and blade-like, they are the one part of the leatherback that is likely to become chilled. There is not much that the turtle can do about this without compromising the aerodynamic shape of the flipper. The problem is that as blood flows through the turtle’s flippers, it risks losing enough heat to lower the animal’s central body temperature when it returns. The solution is to allow the flippers to cool down without drawing heat away from the rest of the turtle’s body. The leatherback accomplishes this by arranging the blood vessels in the base of its flipper into a countercurrent exchange system.

7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following features enables the leatherback turtle to stay warm?
○An insulating layer of blubber
○A thick, oily skin covering fatty tissue
○The aerodynamic shape of its flippers
○A well-insulated head
正选2 错选3 其实看每段的前两句还是蛮重要的。。。只看了段落的后半部分，其实flipper 这个东西并不是保暖的。文章提到这个只是点出flipper 不在保暖被的范围之内。。而且还有各种风险，所以才提到。明白这个这道题就一目了然了，，


Paragraph 6: All this applies, of course, only to an adult leatherback. Hatchlings are simply too small to conserve body heat, even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems. We do not know how old, or how large, a leatherback has to be before it can switch from a cold-blooded to a warm-blooded mode of life. Leatherbacks reach their immense size in a much shorter time than it takes other sea turtles to grow. Perhaps their rush to adulthood is driven by a simple need to keep warm.

11. According to paragraph 6, which of the following statements is most accurate about young leatherback turtles?
○They lack the countercurrent exchange systems that develop in adulthood.
○Their rate of growth is slower than that of other sea turtles.
○They lose heat easily even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems.
○They switch between cold-blooded and warm-blooded modes throughout their hatchling stage.
正选3 错选1 其实还是文章没有仔细看。。。一看到原文中的only to adult就直接选了1.。想着肯定是幼年的缺少啥。。。其实不是，接着往后看就知道 幼年的时候是有 insulation 和 countercurrent exchange system 的。。没有的知识mode 的转换

Reading3
Paragraph 4: American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski, who have studied extinction rates in a number of fossil groups, suggest that episodes of increased extinction have recurred periodically, approximately every 26 million years since the mid-Cretaceous period. The late Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs and ammonoids was just one of the more drastic in a whole series of such recurrent extinction episodes. The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth as meteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact.

7. According to paragraph 4, what aspect of extinction episodes does the companion-star hypothesis supposedly clarify?
○Their location
○Their frequency
○Their duration
○Their severity
原选1 正选2 。。。其实这道题不是很明白。。。但是用排除法就很好做。首先定位到最后。。然后就知道除了 possibility 还有 periodically 就知道只有frequency 比较靠谱~

sodapengUID: 3242849

哎。。。一直在做题。。。发现把镇魂在一周内刷了两遍后单词题真的没再错过。。打算还有两天再刷一遍。。= =
然后发现最近做的题错的都想煽自己一巴掌= =。。。阅读啊！！！要给力啊啊！！！！

black_marbleUID: 3257768

sodapeng 发表于 2012-9-13 22:36
哎。。。一直在做题。。。发现把镇魂在一周内刷了两遍后单词题真的没再错过。。打算还有两天再刷一遍。。=  ...

最后成绩怎么样啊，这么努力

sodapengUID: 3242849

black_marble 发表于 2012-9-23 09:50
最后成绩怎么样啊，这么努力

。。。不知道诶= =。。估计得跪= =。。

black_marbleUID: 3257768

sodapeng 发表于 2012-9-23 12:03
。。。不知道诶= =。。估计得跪= =。。

我一英语系的同学说9月16的阅读有点难，看你这么用功，应该会不错的

汐二萌sunshineUID: 3377371

sodapeng 发表于 2012-2-14 01:32
哎，但单词是我永远的痛啊，还有一定要定位！！总觉得自己阅读还说的过去，其实骗死人了，照这个水平 考试也 ...

楼主强悍 ！  我的阅读总是过不去21这个砍儿TUT