Argument 74 "Grove女校" 求助

Dr_JohnDoeUID: 3370598

原题：

74) The president of Grove College has recommended that the college abandon its century-old tradition of all-female education and begin admitting men. Pointing to other all-female colleges that experienced an increase in applications after adopting coeducation, the president argues that coeducation would lead to a significant increase in applications and enrollment. However, the director of the alumnae association opposes the plan. Arguing that all-female education is essential to the very identity of the college, the director cites annual surveys of incoming students in which these students say that the school's all-female status was the primary reason they selected Grove. The director also points to a survey of Grove alumnae in which a majority of respondents strongly favored keeping the college all female.

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

相关题：147/148/149/156

此题横跨question/evidence/assumption三大类，必然不能轻视。我先把其中的复杂性提一下：

题中涉及两方观点和一个建议。主席认为建议放弃传统，原因是其它学校放弃传统后招生人数提高。校友会持反对意见，理由是基于对新生和校友的调查。

按老G的思路，两方观点都有逻辑漏洞。主席是错误类比，而校友会则是只关注了新生和校友，而没有调查其它人的意见。这个网上有很多人都提到了，两方的漏洞都要写。

我纠结的地方在于，除了assumption可以稍微扯扯，question和evidence不知道从哪下手好。求高人指教。

Dr_JohnDoeUID: 3370598

哎，怎么没人响应啊。我google出一篇野文，思路感觉还行，但是只有第一意群段扣住了question，后面貌似都和question没关系了，各位可以评鉴一下

In this argument, to the future development of the university, the president of the school and the director of the alumnae association held opposite opinions. The president expects a revolution due to the university is all-female school at present and an increasing in applications if male students are allowed to apply too. However, the director assumes this action will stain the school's old image and offend the majority members of alumnae association. Before hastily following the ideas of either of the both, there are several questions needed to be answered.

By citing the examples of other all-female universities which implement the new policy of including male students and stimulate the number of applications, the president deems that enacting the same policy will benefit Grove College too. The question here is, however, whether Grove College can be compared with those universities. Because the author does not provide any information of those schools even Grove College's. Perhaps the same action should be ineffective on Grove College since their disparate background details such as the historical rate of applications and quality of education. For example, due to the high quality of education and advanced facilities of Grove College, its historical rate of application is rather high and staying stable, while other universities may confront financial problems because of their low applications and then a reformation is quite essential to them. If true, there is no need for Grove College to change its basic policy to follow others' trend which may does not fit itself. Therefore, before offering more convincing information about the similarities of those schools, the president cannot persuade his/her rival.

The president's rival-the director cites two surveys to undermine the president's ideas. According to the first survey of incoming students who say the all-female status is the initial reason why they choose GC, the director deems that the changing policy will impair the college's old tradition and very identity. At first glance, the assumption seems quite reasonable, however, the survey fails to provide the respondents' size whether they can be the representatives of whole students.（这里提个size就没下文了？这样还不如不提） Besides, whether those respondents' reply can be trusted（这个是不是勉强算个question？） is also suspectable because there are possibilities that the students did not express their very thoughts if they got their parents' companies around at that time, or that the students tried to impress the professors of the school to get accepted. Either scenario, if true, would serve to undermine the director's own claim.

Furthermore, based on the latter survey of Grove alumnae who strongly support keeping the school's old tradition. However, the survey's reliability is highly doubted due to the investigator is the director who is the leader of the Grove alumnae association. Those respondents who are afraid to offend their leader may not offer their truthful opinions. In addition, it is quite possible that for supporting his/her own ideas, the director only select part of the results of the survey which may favor his/her ideas. Unless, the director can provide other objective and sounded survey, the opinion hold by him/her can not convince the president to drop the initial thoughts.

To sum up, there are questions for each of the person to answer due to neither of them provides reliable and persuasive evidence which can thoroughly illustrate the present condition of the college. Although their concerns about the school should be appreciated, other methods which can enhance the applications of school should be considered such as hiring famous professors and updating technological facilities. Only after well-rounded considering and unbias discussing, the best policy will be appeared.

Dr_JohnDoeUID: 3370598

感觉女校这几道题确实不好对付，思路比较杂。

按证据来攻击的话，首先是主席错误类比。详细展开，无非就是说对方学校没有century-old tradition，急着赚钱；而Grove底气足，可以不用效仿

然后是校友会主任引用的第一份调查：新生赞成保持女校传统。这里可以质疑新生是否诚实表达意向（女生比较害羞，或者是想博得老师的好印象），也可以质疑新生说的话是否有代表性（她们既然报考Grove，当然会支持这个传统。关键是没报的那些人怎么想的？）

最后是第二份调查，大部分校友表示赞同。这里可以质疑校友的话是否具有参考性（校友有感情，或者是不想伤主任的感情，或者是他们当年的情况和现在不一样）

后面几道相关题里还提到校友捐赠的问题，似乎还要复杂一些

以上都是死死扣住证据的质疑，这样写虽然不算错，但肯定不算出色。我隐约觉得还要提出一些更深入的问题，可能会涉及到题目里没出现的字眼。

made15933UID: 2689462

再请教下楼主，那个assumption、evidence、question是不是差别不大。只是换一种说法，看OG给的那个assumption题目，没有那么明确就都是assumption。

感觉这个题，调查问题设计的不合理性可以反复说，比如survey题目设计成“男生来了，女生可能会被歧视，你们支持引入男生么？”，那么女生必然是大部分反对。

Dr_JohnDoeUID: 3370598

made15933 发表于 2012-11-23 19:29
再请教下楼主，那个assumption、evidence、question是不是差别不大。只是换一种说法，看OG给的那个assumpti ...

我的个人意见是，差别不小

assumption那篇OG范文看的还不是很明显，你要去看evidence那篇（Dr.Karp）

如果只是换汤不换药，ETS水准就太低了，其实这是几种不同的思维方式

但如果你的文章本身就分析的非常透彻，估计这三点你都会涵盖到。因为assumption,question和evidence分别对应着逻辑漏洞、质疑和反例

其实写argument要借鉴逻辑题。咱们不是都做过逻辑题吗？

比如“以上论断是基于什么假设？”

或者“以下哪些证据可以加强/削弱论断？”

要想知道怎么写最符合ETS的胃口，还是要看他们出的题

Dr_JohnDoeUID: 3370598

送你两道逻辑题，不妨体会一下：

assumption:

Whenever a French novel is translated into English, the edition sold in Britain should be in British English. If the edition sold in Britain were in American English, its idioms and spellings would appear to British readers to be strikingly American and thus to conflict with the novel's setting.
=============================================================
The recommendation is based on which of the following assumptions?

(A) The authors of French novels are usually native speakers of French.

(B) A non-British reader of a novel written in British English will inevitably fail to understand the meanings of some of the words and idioms in the novel.

(C) No French novel that is to be sold in Britain in English translation is set in the United States.

(D) A British reader of a British novel will notice that the idioms and spellings used in the novel are British.

(E) Most French novels are not translated into both British English and American English.

Evidence:

A researcher found that, in proportion to their body weights, children eat more carbohydrates than adults do. Children also exercise more than adults do. The researcher hypothesized that carbohydrate consumption varies in direct proportion to the calorie demands associated with different levels of exercise.
============================================================
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the researcher's hypothesis?

(A) More carbohydrates are eaten per capita in nations where the government spends more per capita on public exercise programs.

(B) Children who do not participate in organized sports tend to eat fewer carbohydrates than children who participate in organized sports.

(C) Consumption of increased amounts of carbohydrates is a popular tactic of runners preparing for long-distance races.

(D) Periods of physical growth require a relatively higher level of carbohydrate consumption than otherwise.

(E) Though carbohydrates are necessary for the maintenance of good health, people who consume more carbohydrates are not necessarily healthier.

made15933UID: 2689462

还有你开头结尾怎么写啊？我就特别简单的写两句就完事了。。。。

Dr_JohnDoeUID: 3370598

made15933 发表于 2012-11-23 20:22
还有你开头结尾怎么写啊？我就特别简单的写两句就完事了。。。。

首先，强烈不建议详细列举题目中的证据。（比如In this argument.....To support... (1)...(2)...(3)）

我记得ETS曾经这么说过：“阅卷人对题目的内容都非常熟悉，除非你觉得这么做有必要，否则不要浪费时间复述题目”。曾有一篇6分范文，开头花了两段，第二段居然还对作者的身份进行了猜测。而阅卷人的评价是，这篇作文的开头有点"hesitant"。相反，也有文章没有开头也拿高分的。所以，重点在body。

我偏爱的开头是扼要复述。如果篇幅允许，直接指明我要攻击哪些错误，就更好了。不过有的题证据太多，实在“扼要”不起来。没关系，这里有个万能的办法，就是让步。比如，作者的观点粗看似乎有理，实则经不起推敲，blablabla......让步是个好东西，ISSUE也能用。

至于结尾，也有所忌讳。强烈建议你好好研究一下Dr.Karp那几篇范文，我记得4分那篇的结尾就为ETS所诟病，说它只是把全文的主要内容再复述了一遍，没啥新东西。按照这个逻辑，我也不知道怎么结尾好......

话说回来，argument的形式本没有严格要求。怎么说呢，这只是一篇"response"，一个回应而已。只要你言之有理，也没人规定必须像北美范文那样。只是国内考生受限于语言水平，写作文等于带着脚镣跳舞，才不得不找来各种各样的模板，填一些字数，换一些心理安慰。那些东西，ETS根本就不会去看。平心而论，剥掉开头结尾，你的argument还剩多少字？

made15933UID: 2689462

Dr_JohnDoe 发表于 2012-11-23 20:44
首先，强烈不建议详细列举题目中的证据。（比如In this argument.....To support... (1)...(2)...(3)） ...

我算了一下，主体部分就370字。我看有的五六分的文章，就没有结尾啊。问题是如果深入阐述三个观点，还是稍微深入阐述四个观点。总结三个观点概括一下根本就是凑字数。


还有你issue和argument分别留几分钟检查拼写和语法错误啊？构思时间呢？

made15933UID: 2689462

有的时候不检查语法错误或检查时间少了，错误惨不忍睹。

Dr_JohnDoeUID: 3370598

made15933 发表于 2012-11-23 21:23
我算了一下，主体部分就370字。我看有的五六分的文章，就没有结尾啊。问题是如果深入阐述三个观点，还是 ...

我觉得深入阐述最重要的三个（甚至两个）逻辑漏洞，你的分就不会低。有些小错根本展不开，写了特别影响文章结构

构思时间应该花在考场下，而不是考场上。如果你准备的充分，打字速度也还行的话，剩5分钟是毫无压力的。但我做不到，很多题的思路我都不确定。后天我就上战场了，等着当炮灰。

xietao0221UID: 3003579

Dr_JohnDoe 发表于 2012-11-23 20:44
首先，强烈不建议详细列举题目中的证据。（比如In this argument.....To support... (1)...(2)...(3)） ...

说的灰常在理啊！