陳虎平 邏輯10套 Exercise 3 第4,11,12題求助

sunyinhoUID: 3463152

想不透，有大神願意指教嗎？

4.我選D，答案是A
11. 我選E，答案是B
12. 我選E，答案是D

4. Although spinach is rich in calcium, it also contains large amounts of oxalic acid, a substance that greatly impedes calcium absorption by the body. Therefore, other calcium-containing foods must be eaten either instead of or in addition to spinach if a person is to be sure of getting enough calcium. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

  (A)Rice, which does not contain calcium, counteracts the effects of oxalic acid on calcium absorption.
  (B) Dairy products, which contain even more calcium than spinach does, are often eaten by people who eat spinach on a egularbasis.
  (C) Neither the calcium nor the oxalic acid in spinach is destroyed when spinach is cooked.
  (D) Many leafy green vegetables other than spinach that are rich in calcium also contain high concentrations of oxalic acid.
  (E) Oxalic acid has little effect on the body's ability to absorb nutrients other than calcium.

11.Fossils of the coral Acrocora palmata that date from the last period when glaciers grew and consequently spread from the polar regions are found at ocean depths far greater than those at which A. palmata can now survive. Therefore, although the fossilized A. palmata appears indistinguishable from A. palmata now living, it must have differed in important respects
to have been able to live in deep water. The argument depends on the assumption that

  (A) no fossils of the coral A. palmata have been found that date from periods when glaciers were not spreading from the polar regions
  (B) geological disturbances since the last period during which glaciers spread have caused no major downward shift in the location of A. palmata fossils
  (C) A. palmata now live in shallow waters in most of the same geographical regions as those in which deep-lying A. palmata fossils have been found
  (D) A. palmata fossils have been found that datefrom each of the periods during which glaciers are known to have spread from the polar region
  (E) A. palmata can live at greater depths where the ocean temperature is colder than they can where the ocean temperature is warmer

12. Conservationists have believed that by concentrating their preservation efforts on habitats rich in an easily surveyed group of species, such as birds, they would thereby be preserving areas rich in overall species diversity. This belief rests on a view that a geographical area rich in one group of species will also be rich in the other groups characteristic of the entire regional climate zone. Which of the following findings about widely scattered tracts 10 kilometers by 10 kilometers in a temperate climate zone would most seriously challenge the conservationists' assumptions?

  (A) The tracts show little damage from human intrusion and from pollution by human activities.
  (B) Where a certain group of species, such as birds, is abundant, there is also an abundance of the species, such as insects, on which that group of species feeds, or in the case of plants, of the land and water resources it requires.
  (C) The area of one of the tracts is generally large enough to contain a representative sample of the organisms in the region.
  (D) There is little overlap between the list of tracts thatare rich in species of butterflies and the list of those that are rich in species of birds.
  (E) The highest concentration of individuals of rare species is found where the general diversity of species is greatest.

johnson2013UID: 3461664

最好还是把原题贴出吧，免得大家还去各处查

johnson2013UID: 3461664

我的一些理解：
4题：
   假设是：spinach含有阻碍机体吸收calciium的oxalic
    结论：为了保证足够的calcium，spnach需要被其他含calcium物质替代或吃完spinach后 额外吃---
    推理是必须吃含calcium物质
      但是A给出了其他选择：吃Rice就可以，spinach含有calcium，而OXalic不再有作用，于是weaken
      E只是说了其他物质欲spinach一样，这个无法weaken
11题：
    注意题目问的是假设，而不是一个解释。E是对结论的一种解释而已
    假设就是地理没有变，以前也是deep water（如果地理能变化，那么结论就不一定成立了）
12题：
     假设就是：一个物种的存在，可以推出其他物种也存在
        那么只要找到一个地方，并非所有物种都存在即可，答案D
        E只是说一种情况，并没有chanlenge假设

写得较乱，有些地方理解也可能错误，你参考参考吧

   

Leon-WangUID: 2772364

楼主是港台的朋友吗？

4. D世界上有很多绿色植物同时富含钙和草酸。so what?和我们有关系吗？我们不一定要吃它们吧。切记选项一定要和条件和结论相关。

11. E 说的是AP在越冷的深海越容易生存，在越热的浅海就越不容易生存。是也好，不是也罢，和结论“今天的AP肯定在某些方面与古代的AP存在某些重要差异，这些差异使其在古代时能够生存在深海”没有任何关系。

12. E 间接证明了而不是challenge了assumption。

sunyinhoUID: 3463152

第4題：我不選A的原因是因為Rice is not calcium-containing，但passage的conclusion是other calcium-containing foods must be eaten...，所以我認為A選項算是out of scope，各位覺得如何呢？

第11和12題: 我明白了，感謝樓上兩位的詳盡解析！

Leon-WangUID: 2772364

sunyinho 发表于 2013-9-11 11:14
第4題：我不選A的原因是因為Rice is not calcium-containing，但passage的conclusion是other calcium-conta ...

Therefore, other calcium-containing foods must be eaten either instead of or in addition to spinach if a person is to be sure of getting enough calcium.

rice不包含calcium但是通过反草酸也能有助于补钙，所以是一种alternative的explanation。所以结论中的must不成立了。

johnson2013UID: 3461664

sunyinho 发表于 2013-9-11 11:14
第4題：我不選A的原因是因為Rice is not calcium-containing，但passage的conclusion是other calcium-conta ...

Rice is not calcium-containing是必须得，为了说明Rice不是 calcium-containing food，所以Rice可以是一种其他选择。否则A不能weaken

sunyinhoUID: 3463152

我還是覺得Rice選項並不weaken passage's conclusion....因為...

1. conclusion: other calcium-containing foods must be eaten...
2. non calcium-containing food (e.g. Rice) could be helpful

2雖然提出了alternative，但並不打破1的邏輯鏈條，就如同：

1. 生了病must看醫生
2. 生了病could自己去西藥房買藥吃

2.並無法駁斥1.的邏輯鏈條，要駁斥或weaken 1.只能提出說生了病去看醫生也不會好的證據

同理，要駁斥1.也只能說：吃了other Ca-containing food也沒有幫助

以上，是我的想法