标点符号和句子结构

木耳UID: 123036

分号的含义介于句号和逗号之间。表示一个句子语法结构的完整，而内容还不完整，需要进一步解释。
例如：
a Five engineers left the convention hotel after dinner; only two returned by midnight.

b George enjoys tinkering with engines; he plans to become an auto mechanic.

c We made it to the project site by the agreed-upon time; however, the rain forced us to stay in our trucks for two hours.

以上几个句子中的分号都可以用句号代替，并将第二个分号的头一个字母大写，变成两个独立的句子。但不可以用逗号代替。如果要用逗号，则要加连词。

a Five engineers left the convention hotel after dinner, but
only two returned by midnight.

b George enjoys tinkering with engines, so he plans to become an auto mechanic.

c We made it to the project site by the agreed-upon time, however, the rain forced us to stay in our trucks for two hours.

很多人在写作的时候很少注意以上问题，想写长句子但有没有储备很多的句式结构，所以就把逗号用个不停。以前我总说这样的长句子读着不顺，要改。其实现在回过头去看，很多那样的句子根本就大大的有语法错误的。而我们却都不曾察觉，为什么？我想这也许是缘于中文和英语的标的方式和习惯的不一样。其实汉语的语法规则是所有语言中最不严谨严密的，基本上是想怎么说就怎么说。再加上我们本身的汉语功底就不怎么强，平时写中文的东西也会犯不少语法错误。只是由于是母语，懂得了意思，也就不太去追究其它的什么了。

好了，在这样的背景下，再在直来直去的汉译英之后，满篇的语法标点长句错误也就不足为奇了。下面再举几个常见的句法结构弊病：


下面这些句子乍看不错，但句子结构都不准确
a. The number of traffic fatalities in Japan in 1996 dropped to 9942 for the first time in 9 years, however we are still in an undesirable situation.

b. I have just returned form San Diego, I attended the Automated Highway System Demo'97

c. The first is communicating, that means listening and talking.

d. Many of the people who wrote the report during the meeting.

e. Maxwell's remarkable discovery that the speed of propagation of electromagnetic effects is precisely the same as the speed of light in the same medium.


以上这几句分别改为：

a. The number of traffic fatalities in Japan in 1996 dropped to 9942 for the first time in 9 years；however we are still in an undesirable situation.或a. The number of traffic fatalities in Japan in 1996 dropped to 9942 for the first time in 9 years. However we are still in an undesirable situation.

b. I have just returned form San Diego, where I attended the Automated Highway System Demo'97

c. The first is communicating, which means listening and talking.
（并列句与复合句用法不当）

d. Many of the people wrote the report during the meeting.

e. Maxwell's made remarkable discovery that the speed of propagation of electromagnetic effects is precisely the same as the speed of light in the same medium.
（缺少句子基本成分）

再来几个：
f. When the tank car carried the poisonous gas off the rail. the firman tried to isolate the village from all traffic.(误，carry 这个动作是tank car 所发出的，表示主动意义，应将carried改为carring)

g. An ancient tomb was unerathed while digging for artifacts.(误，digging即是现在分词，逻辑主语该是人，而不是ancient tomb.所以要重新组织句子。）
Archaelogists unearthed an ancient tomb while digging for artifacts.

h. It is appropriate that we step back and reviewing where we started, what we have learned in the last five or six years,how our vision has been altered and where to go.（很长的一个句子，很容易出现句子结构不对称的现象。应该改为）

It is appropriate that we step back and review where we started, what we have learned in the last five or six years, how our vision has been altered and where we are going.

i. Whe have intensified our efforts to improve overall communication. This has included the preparation of a new communication pack, the setup of an internet service, the production of a video, and how to prepare specialist brochures, workshops, and information meetings.

We have intensified our efforts to improve our overall communication. This has included the preparation of a new communication pack,the setup of an internet service, the production of a video, and thepreparation of specialist brochures, workshops, and iformation meetings.

include 后面接并列从句，但the preparation of a new communication pack, the setup of an internet service, the production of a video是名词短语，而how to prepare pecialist brochures, workshops, and information meetings.是不定式短语，应该成名词短语。


j. We collected and stored the samples in the laboratory.
这句话可以有两种理解。一是试样是从实验室采集的，同时又存放在实验室。第二种理解是，试样是试样是从别的什么地方采集的，然后把它放在实验室里。可以改为？：
We collected the samples and then stored them in the laboratory.

木耳UID: 123036

To be continued...

猫咪meUID: 155478

好东东，我正需要呢。
有没有关于逗号的阿？
谢谢！：）

paisleyUID: 64183

谢谢木耳！很有用。

madtoyUID: 114985

谢谢.

genie05UID: 30358

好东东。

我们等你开工呢。:p

sailing_yfUID: 150982

太好了，据许贴阿，我很需要。
多谢