lxl2000_2001的argument模板

lxl2000_2001UID: 120352

大家给点意见！
我的模板
In this argument, the arguer endeavors to convince us that ……            Though well thoughtful and logically organized at first thought, the argument can barely withstand any scientific scrutiny for its several critical flaws so that we can undoubtedly present a viable counter argument that.....

The major and most apparent problem with this argument is that the arguer simply deludes himself in that the evidence offered in support of the conclusion pales in comparison with other disconfirming evidence. Since all of the available evidence must be considered, it is never reasonable to consider only the evidence that supports a conclusion and to discard the evidence that contradicts it. ……….. A single imaginable instance which discredits the argument is that…..   Another possibility is that ……    In order for the arguer to make his argument convincingly, he should prelude from ignoring a host of other variables that weakens the argument.

Another weakness that undermines the line of evidential reasoning is that the survey lends nothing to the credibility of the arguer’s conclusion. With regard to the report mentioned in the argument, it should be carefully screened for error, fraud, and appropriateness. Unfortunately, several doubtful points prevent the survey to be substantial, unequivocal and conceivably.    ……

What further weakens the argument is that ……

Given the fact that the argument relies on certain gratuitous assumptions that render it implausible, it is of great difficult for us to be justified in placing considerable confidence in it unless the arguer crystallizes everything for his conclusion.

个人收集的对argument 有用的句型！
1.        The six rules of evidential reasoning are my own distillation and simplification of the scientific method

2.        paranormal claim

3.        It must be possible to conceive of evidence that would prove the claim false.

4.        The rule of falsifiability, in short, says that the evidence must matter, and as such it is the first and most important and most fundamental rule of evidential reasoning.

5.        Most New Age wonders, in fact, consist of similarly undeclared claims that dissolve completely when exposed to the solvent of rationality.

6.        boils down to a statement

7.        buttress the claims

8.        Psychic healers say they can heal you if you have enough faith in their psychic powers. Psychokinetics say they can bend spoons with their minds if they are not exposed to negative vibrations from skeptic observers. Tarot readers can predict your fate if you're sincere in your desire for knowledge. The multiple out means, in effect, "Heads I win, tails you lose."

9.        conceive of a single imaginable instance

10.        The evidence offered in support of any claim must be exhaustive -- that is all of the available evidence must be considered.+

11.        For obvious reasons, it is never reasonable to consider only the evidence that supports a theory and to discard the evidence that contradicts it.

12.        The evidence offered in support of any claim must be evaluated without self-deception.

13.        corollary

14.        The rule of honesty is a corollary to the rule of comprehensiveness

15.        obverse

16.        Applying Occam's Razor, the more honest conclusion would be that the original positive result must have been a coincidence

17.        any consistent evidence for paranormality that can withstand acceptable scientific scrutiny

18.        pales in comparison with

19.        If the evidence for any claim is based upon an experimental result, or if the evidence offered in support of any claim could logically be explained as coincidental, then it is necessary for the evidence to be repeated in subsequent experiments or trials

20.        The rule of replicability provides a safeguard against the possibility of error, fraud, or coincidence.

21.        Any experiment, no matter how carefully designed and executed, is always subject to the possibility of implicit bias or undetected error

22.        conceivably

23.        allegedly

24.        Given the fact that

25.        The rule of replicability, which requires independent observers to follow the same procedures and to achieve the same results, is an effective way of correcting bias or error, even if the bias or error remains permanently unrecognized. If the experimental results are the product of deliberate fraud, the rule of replicability will ensure that the experiment will eventually be performed by honest researchers.

26.        in the absence of unambiguous forensic evidence

27.        preclude

28.        Moreover, a person's sincerity lends nothing to the credibility of his or her testimony

29.        a host of other variables

30.        The possibility and even the likelihood of error are far too extensive

31.        reliable evidence

32.        The first three rules of FiLCHeRS -- falsifiability, logic, and comprehensiveness -- are all logically necessary rules of evidential reasoning. If we are to have confidence in the veracity of any claim whether normal or paranormal, the claim must be prepositionally meaningful, and the evidence offered in support of the claim must be rational and exhaustive.

33.        pragmatical

34.        . the evidence for any factual claim be evaluated without self-deception, that it be carefully screened for error, fraud, and appropriateness, and that it be substantial and unequivocal.

35.        you are justified in placing considerable confidence in it

36.        Speaker offers in support of his or her major claim?

37.        in order for the arguer to make his argument convincingly

38.        at issue

39.        The Declaration of Independence concerns the grounds for revolution, specifically, the American Revolution. Two related questions are at issue here. First, under what conditions is it just and necessary that a people rebel against the established government in order to create a new, independent government? Second, do these conditions obtain in the American colonies? With regard to the first question, Jefferson claims that the subjects of an established government have a right and a responsibility to rebel when that government behaves tyrannically. He supports this claim by asserting that it is a "self-evident" truth that "all men are created equal . . . [and] endowed by their creator with certain inherent and inalienable rights," and that they are therefore obligated to defend these rights against tyranny. With regard to the second question, Jefferson claims that the British government has indeed behaved tyrannically. He supports this position with a long list of grievances, including: various attempts by the Crown to prevent the colonists from exercising the limited powers of self-government promised to them; the forced imposition upon the colonists of standing armies; the Crown's failure to protect the colonists against their enemies; and the Crown's attempts to incite the Native American population to attack the colonists. In short, Jefferson argues that people have a right and a responsibility to defend themselves against tyranny, even when that tyranny is perpetrated against them by their own government. Because the British government has continually behaved tyrannically in the American colonies, the American Revolution, according to Jefferson, is just and necessary.
40.        With regard to
41.        are therefore obligated to
42.        crystallizes everything for your readers.
43.        undue
44.        criteria
45.        The criteria commonly employed to evaluate evidence include: reliability, expertise, objectivity, consistency, recency, and access.
46.        Objectivity refers to a source’s tendency to hold a fair and undistorted view on a question or an issue
47.        Refutation is he process of discrediting someone’s argument by revealing weaknesses in it or by presenting a [viable] counter argument
48.        Some arguments and evidence are field dependent; that is, the data employed is limited by, skewed by, or specifically attuned to a particular field of inquiry.

paisleyUID: 64183

多谢：）

teachercaomingUID: 152124

多谢啊，我正在写啊，刚开始写argument,写好了也把好句制发上来

jangelUID: 157476

8错的说，我现在刚刚开始，什么也不会
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genie05UID: 30358

谢谢分享。