issue9 (4天, less audience, less use, 看看能改进什么，谢谢！！）

forwwwUID: 154260

9"Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."


With the rapid development of technology, Academic disciplines become more specified and many new academic disciplines emerge targeting at very small areas. As a result, scholars can make their ideas understand for less audience. But this does not diminish the applications of these academic disciplines because the use of these ideas depend on the effective transforming these ideas to industry and other aspects related to our everyday life.

Admittedly, pure conceptual researches and too specific academic disciplines are unfathomable for most common people and the application of these knowledge is hard to predict. Take pure mathematics as an example, it is always regarded as a recondite knowledge for most people and the knowledge in this area seems of little use for contemporary world. Nevertheless, history tells us the significance of pure mathematics is tremendous. The abstract algebra developed hundred years ago is widely used in the technology of wide areas today--such us electronic engineering, finance, information system and so forth, though few of people can really understand it.

As a matter of fact, the specialization of academic disciplines is an inevitable tendency in the modern world. Due to the knowledge explosion, it is harder for people to become erudite, as a result, generalists are fewer. People who try to master in a wide area which reaches a wide audience can only dabble at the area. For supporting examples one need look no further than the area of computer science. Fifty years ago, when the first computer ENIAC was invented in University of Pennsylvania, the division of computer science is much simpler than today. Many new areas derive from computer and establish systematic disciplines--such as information system, communication engineering etc. If a person wanted to excel in computer fifty years ago, he/she might need to struggle for 10 years to reach the frontier; but it may cost a people today much long time, say 20 years to achieve that.

As for the use of academic disciplines, the number of audience actually is not the measure to estimate it. The application of the knowledge of academic disciplines relies on the united efforts of industries, scholars, and the universities and institutions. First, scholars should eagerly find the application possibility of the specific knowledge of they own areas. In fact, we can see the prospect of the applications from the objectives of the reports of professors. Secondly, universities and institutions should search the chance of matching the fruits of research with industries. Finally, the industries should actively find the opportunities of cooperating with professors, realize and apply the result of the researches. In sharp contract, audience makes little effort in the process. Sometimes, common people cannot even notice that they are just enjoying the convenience and happiness brought by the development of a specific academic discipline.

In sum, it is avoidable that academic disciplines develop towards specialization, but the tendency has little influence on the use of these disciplines as a result of reaching a narrow audience. After all, for better applying the academic results, scholars, universities, and industries should spend more effort rather than common audience.

5分钟检查，这次写得比较谨慎，慢一点想一想，否则又有逻辑跳跃了。大家给我提提意见。看最后几天还有什么是可能改进的。

gdhdannyUID: 125843

With the rapid development of technology, Academic disciplines become more specified and many new academic disciplines emerge（加个逗号） targeting at very small（感觉用limited更确切） areas. As a result, scholars can make their ideas understand for（make sth. Done? For->by） less audience. But this does not diminish the applications of these academic disciplines because the use of these ideas depend on the effective transforming these ideas to industry and other aspects related to our everyday life.（depend on后面的部分读起来好别扭）
我比较喜欢这样的开头，观点明确，把题目的两句话分开讨论。

Admittedly, pure conceptual researches and too specific（specific不是问题，关键是specific带来的abstract） academic disciplines are unfathomable for most common people and the application of these knowledge is hard to predict. Take pure mathematics as an example, it is always regarded as a recondite knowledge for most people and the knowledge in this area seems of little use for contemporary world. Nevertheless, history tells us the significance of pure mathematics is tremendous. The abstract algebra developed hundred years ago is widely used in the technology of wide areas today--such us（as） electronic engineering, finance, information system and so forth, though few of people can really understand it（看完though这句比较费解：既然应用了，为什么还不理解？）.

As a matter of fact, the specialization of academic disciplines is an inevitable tendency in the modern world. Due to the knowledge explosion, it is harder for people to become erudite, （. As a result, ）as a result, generalists are fewer. People who try to master in a wide area which reaches a wide audience（area which reaches a wide audience = wide area?） can only dabble at the area. For supporting examples one need look no further than the area of computer science. Fifty years ago, when the first computer ENIAC was invented in University of Pennsylvania, the division of computer science is much simpler than today.（加个连接词）Many new areas derive from computer and establish systematic disciplines--such as information system, communication engineering etc. If a person wanted to excel in computer fifty years ago, he/she might need to struggle for 10 years to reach the frontier; but it may cost a people today much long time, say 20 years to achieve that（为什么肯定是20年？为什么是原来的二倍时长？）.
point taken!计算机的例子看着真是亲切地说。除了强调学科的细化导致了generalist的减少，还可以谈谈学科之间的依赖性要求人们掌握的指示要能够跨学科，这种要求导致了越来越少的人能够理解细化了的科学，从而造成narrow audience.

As for the use of academic disciplines, the number of audience actually is not the measure to estimate it. The application of the knowledge of academic disciplines relies on the united（synthetic） efforts of industries, scholars, and the universities and institutions. First, scholars should eagerly find the application possibility of the specific knowledge of they own areas. In fact, we can see the prospect of the applications from the objectives（？） of the reports of professors. Secondly, universities and institutions should search the chance of matching the fruits of research with industries. Finally, the industries should actively find the opportunities of cooperating with professors, realize and apply the result of the researches. In sharp contract, audience makes little effort in the process. Sometimes, common people cannot even notice that they are just enjoying the convenience and happiness brought by the development of a specific academic discipline.
对于audience的理解应该解释一下，为什么industry就不算audience?

In sum, it is avoidable（为什么？） that academic disciplines develop towards specialization, but the tendency has little influence on the use of these disciplines as a result of reaching a narrow audience. After all, for better applying the academic results, scholars, universities, and industries should spend more effort rather than common audience.

写得不错。还有几天，再熟悉熟悉题库就好了。
有一点提示，题目中没有提到的概念，或者比较含糊的概念，写的时候一定要先解释再讨论。结尾的结论一定是上文的必然结果，切不可发散。

eaglezhouUID: 156651

9"Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

With the rapid development of technology, Academic disciplines become more specified and many new academic disciplines emerge targeting at very small areas. As a result, scholars can make their ideas understand（understood要注意哦） for less audience. But this does not diminish the applications of these academic disciplines because the use of these ideas depend（前后一致啊！use后面用depends） on the effective transforming these ideas to industry and other aspects related to our everyday life.(这句话意思可以理解但感觉有点别扭)

（是不是把admittedly放到最后作补充会比较好呢？）
Admittedly, pure conceptual researches and too specific academic disciplines are unfathomable for most common people and the application of these knowledge is hard to predict. Take pure mathematics as an example it is always regarded as a recondite knowledge for most people and the knowledge in this area seems of little use for contemporary world. Nevertheless, history tells us the significance of pure mathematics is tremendous. The abstract algebra developed hundred years ago is widely used in the technology of wide areas today--such us electronic engineering, finance, information system and so forth, though few of people can really understand it.

As a matter of fact, the specialization of academic disciplines is an inevitable tendency in the modern world. Due to the knowledge explosion, it is harder for people to become erudite, as a result, generalists are fewer. People who try to master in a wide area which reaches a wide audience can only dabble at the area. （这句话没理解什么意思，感觉不太清楚）For supporting examples one need look no further than the area of computer science. Fifty years ago, when the first computer ENIAC was invented in University of Pennsylvania, the division of computer science is much simpler than today. Many new areas derive from computer and establish systematic disciplines--such as information system, communication engineering etc. If a person wanted to excel in computer fifty years ago, he/she might need to struggle for 10 years to reach the frontier; but it may cost a people today much long time, say 20 years to achieve that. （和主题句有点不相关吧，主题句好像是说specialization of academic disciplines是一个潮流，你觉得呢？）

As for the use of academic disciplines, the number of audience actually is not the measure to estimate it. （文章中的audience 是不是作受益者会更加好点？这样的话你这句话就不对了）The application of the knowledge of academic disciplines relies on the united efforts of industries, scholars, and the universities and institutions. First, scholars should eagerly find the application possibility of the specific knowledge of they own areas. In fact, we can see the prospect of the applications from the objectives of the reports of professors. Secondly, universities and institutions should search the chance of matching the fruits of research with industries. Finally, the industries should actively find the opportunities of cooperating with professors, realize and apply the result of the researches. In sharp contract, audience makes little effort in the process. Sometimes, common people cannot even notice that they are just enjoying the convenience and happiness brought by the development of a specific academic discipline.

In sum, it is avoidable that academic disciplines develop towards specialization, but the tendency has little influence on the use of these disciplines as a result of reaching a narrow audience. After all, for better applying the academic results, scholars, universities, and industries should spend more effort rather than common audience.

bennywu320UID: 157820

what example?

Math, Math Data Base, Math Professor, Math College

Even the blind knows what she is in!