8月27日德国考场详细机经

沛芝东欧控UID：3532576

阅读机经：


6.        美国革命的动机（短文）：有两个学派的解释。进步派史学家强调自下而上的动机，群众希望建立一个真正平等的社会。另一方面，辉格派史学家强调精英的贡献，指出美国革命代表共和国的理想。因为大多数人觉得统治者总是会设法控制下层人民。不寻常的是， 保守的精英们，为了捍卫自己的自由和特权，也觉得一个更加民主的社会将有利于他们 。 （多选题：辉格派历史学家会同意如下哪些？1：统治者干嘛干嘛...2精英干嘛干嘛...3 ...）（多选题：可以从文中推断？1：美国革命主要是由保守思想驱动（明显错误选项）2... 3 ...）
6.        Motivation of American Revolution: Two sides of explanation: pro-Progressive historians stress the bottom-up perspective, and attribute the motives of revolution to the mass, who wished to establish a true egalitarian society. On the other hand, pro-Whig historians stress the elites’ contribution, and see the motivation of the revolution embodied in the Republican ideal. People believe that powerful men will always seek to suppress the lower strata. Curiously, in defending their own liberty and privilege, the conservative elites too envision a more democratic society will benefit them. (Multiple choices: What would pro-Whig historians agree? 1. Powerful men….2. Elites…3…) (Multiple choices: What can be inferred from the text? 1. The American Revolution was driven by conservative ideas. 2…3…)


7.        英国政府和美国西部大开发（短文）：有两派解释为什么英国政府封闭美国西部的边界。一派学者认为，英国人想要遏制白人殖民者的侵入，并给当地的部落设立独立国家领土。然而，另一派学者不同意：他们认为英国政府封锁边境很大程度上出于自己的私利。我们不应该忘记，在西部撒野的白人殖民者，在美国革命成功不久前本来就是是英国人。美国革命期间和后来，白人殖民者延续发扬了英国殖民统治的传统。事实上，英国政府希望通过限制移民和控制西方的领土，以确保其与当地土著人贸易的特权 。（有题：为什么笔者提到的白人定居者不久前是英国人？答：显示入侵西方并不是一个新的现象） （有题：对立双方的学者都可能同意以下哪点？答：英国政府试图控制人们进入西部领地的自由。）
7.        British government and American West: two interpretations why the British government sealed the frontiers of the American West. One school of scholars believes that the British govt. wanted to curb the incursion of White settlers and to give independent Indian state to local tribes. However, another school of scholars disagrees: the British government sought to close the border largely out of their own self-interests. We should not forget that the White Settlers, who moved to the Wild West, were British themselves not long ago. During and after American Revolution, they continued the British tradition of colonial rule in the West (Question: why the author mentioned White Settlers were British not long ago? Answer: to show the incursion to the West was not a new phenomenon.) Primarily, the British government wanted to secure their trade privilege with the Natives by limiting immigration and controlling the territory of the West. (Question: what would scholars from two opposing sides both agree? Answer: the British sought to control people’s liberty of movement into the West.)


8.        米诺斯宫殿（短文）：本文改编自希腊考古学杂志：我们争论不休如何用“宫殿”指代古代米诺斯文化的一种建筑。该术语已被滥用以至失去效用。由于当时的宫殿能担任很多的功能：例如政府中心，行政办公室，神庙，公共研讨地，和粮食存储空间。宫殿也可以指代皇室居住和全力的所在地。因此，一位学者试图引入一个更加中性的词“王宫建筑”来指代用于王宫功能的宫殿。不过，我相信问题所在，并不是术语的实用，而是我们对这类建筑使用功能的附加假设。比如说，我使用术语“宫殿”的时候，就并不是指具有类似功能的建筑，而是一组具有一定的可识别的风格的建筑物。 （提问：作者对新的中性术语会如何看待？答案：“宫殿”仍然可以使用，只要我们不过多假设建筑的功能。 ） （提问：作者会同意如下哪点？答：“宫殿”表示一批具有特定建筑风格的东西）
8.        Minoan Palace: This article is adapted from a Greek archaeology journal: We have endless debates about what “Palace” means in ancient Minoan culture. The terminology has been applied to too many things as to become useless. Because back then the palaces fulfilled a plethora of functions: they served as centers of government, administrative offices, shrines, workshops, and storage spaces (e.g., for grain). Palaces can also connote dynastic residence and royal seat of power. Hence, one scholar tries to introduce a more neutral term “the court building” to refer to those palaces used for royal residence. However, I believe the problem of the term is less in its usage but the additional assumption of function we attach to it. For example, I use the term “palace” not to refer to buildings with similar functions, but chiefly to a group of buildings with certain recognizable style. (What would the author say about the “neutral term” proposed? Answer: the term of Palace can still be used if we do not assume the functional implication. 愚蠢的干扰选项 B. There are too many terms already so to introduce another one is redundant. ) (What would the author agree? Answer: Palace indicates a group of architectures with consistent features.)

沛芝东欧控UID：3532576

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9.        美国土著口述传统（短文）：可以肯定的是，不同部落的美国土著人的互相影响各自的口述文学。这一直是大多对美国原住民口传文学研究的关注点。然而，欧洲文化对土著文学的影响，往往被认为是另外一回事。 （有题：以下哪个一直是人们研究的美国土著口述传统的重点？答案：探讨不同部落之间的相互影响。）比如说，某作者在她的书中，就没有考虑任何欧洲的影响。不过，有很多欧洲文化的影响美国本土口述传统的例子：比如说，z部落受到意大利的影响。这些影响力是至关重要的，所以未来的研究应该扩大关注领域。 （有题：这篇文章的写作目的是什么？答：笔者建议应该扩大研究领域。）
9.        Native American Oral Tradition: It is true that the different tribes of Native Americans influence each other in their oral folklore, which has been the focus of most research on Native American oral literature. The influence of European culture, however, is often considered another matter. (Question: What has been the major focus of research on Native Am oral tradition? Answer: to investigate the mutual influences of different tribes.) For example, author A in her book, solely considered things non-European. However, there are examples of European influence on Native American oral tradition: Italian influence on Z tribe. Such influence is critical and future research should not ignore it anymore and expand the topic domain. (Question: What is the purpose of this passage? Answer: the author want to propose that certain focus should be widened to enlarge the research domain.)


10.        女性雕塑家（短文）：之所以由女性做出的雕塑很少公开展示，往往是跟以下两个因素联系在一起1）主题（大多是肖像或者神话人物）2）形式（多数是小型雕塑）。但是，究竟是什么原因导致了是这种现象？ （有题：为什么笔者在这里提出这个问题？答：为了在后文中探讨这个话题）首先，女性很少受政府或赞助商的委托，而制作适用于公共空间的雕塑：比如在公共广场展示的英雄人物。所以，尽管女性雕塑家也会做真人大小的雕塑，但是因为创造的不是英雄人物，因此不适合放在巨大的底座上公众展示。此外，女性在她们艺术创作时，更偏向做适用于室内装饰目的的雕塑，这类作品即便在很久以后也不太可能被公开展示。 （有题：关于“小型雕塑”我们可以推断什么？回答：他们是不太可能被放置于广场的高大底座上展示。愚蠢的干扰选项：B. 小型雕塑不太可能做神话人物 c 男性雕塑家更喜欢做小型雕塑）
10.        Female Sculptors: The reason why sculptures made by women were seldom displayed publicly is linked both to the theme: (portraits, mythological figures) and format (small-size sculptures) But what are the causes of this phenomenon? (Question: Why the author raises this question here? Answer: in order for this text to engage with this issue) First, women were seldom commissioned by government or sponsors to make pieces more suitable for public space: like those heroic figures on public square. Although women also made life-sized sculptures, (because the figure was not heroic and grandiose) these pieces were not often put on high pedestrians.  In addition, women during their artistic creation made pieces more suitable for living room and interior purpose, which were less likely to be displayed openly even later.  (Question: what can be inferred about “small-size sculpture”? Answer they are less likely to be put on high pedestrians on public square. B. They are likely to deal with mythological figures C. male sculptors created more small size sculptures. D...E...)


11.        女性作家的感伤与讽刺风格（短文）：某女性作家因为她的感伤风格而知名。评论家一直认为感伤风格提现了保守主义的倾向（比如：留恋过去的社会制度）。然而，女权主义评论家，则强调这个作家幽默辛辣讽刺的风格。讽刺派是更接近社会现实的写作。为什么这两种相反的风格能在一个作家的写作中总共存？有一种解释是：这名女作者用伤感作品（大众更广泛地接受的风格）传达自己更多的社会现实的关注。 （提问：为什么笔者提到她讽刺的风格？答：表明这是一个令人惊讶的特点，许多评论家无法完全与她其他风格调和。）（提问：Reclamation 的近义词是？A. Recapitulation B. reformation C. reiteration D…E… )
11.        Female writer Sentimentalism vs. Satire: The female author B is known for her sentimental style. Sentimentalism is thought to have a conservative outlook of the society. However, in feminist reclamation of B, B is also distinctive for her humorous satire. Satire is closer to social realistic writing. How these two opposing styles coexist in one writer? One interpretation is that: this female author uses sentimentalism (more widely accepted by society) as the veneer to convey her own more social realistic concerns. (Question: Why mention her humorous style? Answer: to show this is one surprising feature that many critics cannot fully reconcile with her other styles) (Question: What does “reclamation” mean here? A. Recapitulation B. reformation C. reiteration D…E… )

EmeraldUID：2238409

9.        改造实验室：The outlay of the laboratory, suited well for early experiments, is not plastic, rendering a total redesign necessary for the new experiments. （干扰选项有：ubiquitous）

图表题：400个男生，600个女生，20％男生和23％女生选择摇滚音乐，问从男生中挑一个喜欢摇滚和女生中挑一个喜欢摇滚的概率是多少？

7.        英国政府和美国西部大开发（短文）：有两派解释为什么英国政府封闭美国西部的边界。一派学者认为，英国人想要遏制白人殖民者的侵入，并给当地的部落设立独立国家领土。然而，另一派学者不同意：他们认为英国政府封锁边境很大程度上出于自己的私利。我们不应该忘记，在西部撒野的白人殖民者，在美国革命成功不久前本来就是是英国人。美国革命期间和后来，白人殖民者延续发扬了英国殖民统治的传统。事实上，英国政府希望通过限制移民和控制西方的领土，以确保其与当地土著人贸易的特权 。（有题：为什么笔者提到的白人定居者不久前是英国人？答：显示入侵西方并不是一个新的现象） （有题：对立双方的学者都可能同意以下哪点？答：英国政府试图控制人们进入西部领地的自由。）
7.        British government and American West: two interpretations why the British government sealed the frontiers of the American West. One school of scholars believes that the British govt. wanted to curb the incursion of White settlers and to give independent Indian state to local tribes. However, another school of scholars disagrees: the British government sought to close the border largely out of their own self-interests. We should not forget that the White Settlers, who moved to the Wild West, were British themselves not long ago. During and after American Revolution, they continued the British tradition of colonial rule in the West (Question: why the author mentioned White Settlers were British not long ago? Answer: to show the incursion to the West was not a new phenomenon.) Primarily, the British government wanted to secure their trade privilege with the Natives by limiting immigration and controlling the territory of the West. (Question: what would scholars from two opposing sides both agree? Answer: the British sought to control people’s liberty of movement into the West.)


这三个题今天遇到了。问题一样一样。大感谢

shuichangqingUID：3197799

确实有一些填空和阅读今天考到了

沛芝东欧控UID：3532576

shuichangqing 发表于 2014-8-31 20:50
确实有一些填空和阅读今天考到了

真的么，ets好偷懒。
不过我个人感觉是考前看机经作用不大（除了高频单词）
考完我回来发现有一道逻辑题还是看过的，只是考试的时候根本不会去想。

沛芝东欧控UID：3532576

Emerald 发表于 2014-8-31 17:45
9.        改造实验室：The outlay of the laboratory, suited well for early experiments, is not plasti ...

考完了不容易啊。祝作文出分顺利～

shuichangqingUID：3197799

沛芝东欧控 发表于 2014-8-31 21:01
真的么，ets好偷懒。
不过我个人感觉是考前看机经作用不大（除了高频单词）
考完我回来发现有一道逻辑 ...

是的。背词汇，做题是王道~