[主题活动] Argument写作入门-开头段第一步：梳理结论、论据 [复制链接]

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发表于 2015-1-12 22:21:29 |只看该作者

本帖最后由 ee_stone 于 2015-1-12 23:12 编辑

8) The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

列出结论
Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories.

列出论据
Enrollment is growing.
Rent has risen for some years, and students will find it difficult to afford off-campus housing.
New dormitories will be attractive to some prospective students.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据。
The director proposed to build a number of new dormitories based on some seemingly reasonable arguments, including the growing trend of enrollment, increasing cost for off-campus housing and students' preference to attractive new dormitories.
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18) The following is a memorandum from the business manager of a television station.
Over the past year, our late-night news program has devoted increased time to national news and less time to weather and local news. During this period, most of the complaints received from viewers were concerned with our station's coverage of weather and local news. In addition, local businesses that used to advertise during our late-night news program have canceled their advertising contracts with us. Therefore, in order to attract more viewers to our news programs and to avoid losing any further advertising revenues, we should expand our coverage of weather and local news on all our news programs.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

结论:
The TV station should expand coverage of weather and local news in all new programs to attract more viewers and avoid losing advertising revenues.

论据：
Over the past year, the late-night news program has reduce the time for weather and local news.
More complaints on local news and weather coverage are received during the same period.
Local business canceled their advertising contract with us.

概括
The business manager argued that weather and local news should be more covered in new programs to attract more viewers and to maintain advertising revenues. Since the coverage of these contents were reduced in late-night news last year, the argument takes the increasing complaints on the coverage of these contents and the cancellation of advertising contracts as main reasons.

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123) The following appeared in a health newsletter.
A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets, and they take more risks as a result. Thus, there is clearly a call for the government to strive to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents by launching an education program that concentrates on the factors other than helmet use that are necessary for bicycle safety.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

结论：
the government should strive to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents by launching an education program that concentrates on the factors other than helmet use that are necessary for bicycle safety.

原因：
In the ten-year study, the percent of helmet usage increase from 35 percent to 80 percent.
Meanwhile, the accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent.
The bicyclists feel safer and will take more risks when wearing helmets.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据。
The arguer urged the government to launch a program focusing on factors other than helmet which are necessary for bicycle safety. In the study which is cited as the main reason, the number of accidents was tripled while the percentage of helmet usage had increased a lot. Thus, the bicyclists with helmets are thought to feel safer and may take more risks.

[主题活动] Argument写作入门-开头段第一步：梳理结论、论据 [复制链接]

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