issue197 关于全球化 提供一个经典论据与大家分享：比较优势理论

zclxUID: 139830

David Ricardo的the Law of Comparative Advantage，被认为是经济学中不多的几个被现实证明具有普遍适用性的理论之一（Samulson语），与全球化有关的题目都可以用

issue197 "The material progress and wellbeing of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and wellbeing of all other countries."

In this era of highly developed globalization, it has never been easier to find the mutual influences between countries. Chinese youth enjoy Hip-Hop and Rap music from U.S.A.. Americans prefer Japanese cars like Nissan, Toyota, for their low price and oil-cost. While in Japanese restaurants, the best-seller is the fish from Changjiang River of China. No matter in what sphere of the society, including industry development, fashion, school education, diplomacy, etc, The influences of globalization lead to deep and rapid changes in people's material lives and thoughts. Fundamentally I agree with the contention that one country will necessarily benefit from the progress of others. However, we should not ignore the negative effects along with the globalization.

Free trade and effective communication among countries play an essential role to productivity improvement and welfare increasing in each country. In this case, all countries will share the material progress occurring in either country. This is a well-established basic proposition which you can find in every International Economics Textbook. As David Ricardo, one of the most important economist of the Classical Political Economics, brilliantly illustrated (and I paraphrase): "It is the most economic and effective way of producing that every country produces those commodities which use the recourses primarily, then exchange with other countries for other products. As a result, when a further technological improvement or a new resource finding occurs in one country, every country will benefit from the more sufficient supply and the lower price of the products." Actually, several country unions are realizing this notion such as EU, APEC and NAFTA. In a word, as once mentioned by Prof. Robert Mundell, the Nobel-prize winner for constructing Euro system, it is an unavoidable trend that every country will take more and more advantage of the cooperation both within the region and all over the world.

In addition, well-established transportation system and widespread Internet can easily turn a regional accident into a world-wide calamity if it is not solved timely. The latest and best example for this is SARS (Severe Acute Respiration Syndrome). When it first burst out in several villages in south China, who could imagine that, months later, it would grow into a nightmare to the whole world? In the same vein, many contemporary problems like counter-terrorism, environmental protection, and race consolidation, are no longer be able to solved just depending on one country. Only when counties achieve an agreement and do something together, will the harm of these social and technological problems be decreased to the least. in an apagogic way, it proved the tight connection among the material progress and wellbeing of all nations.

However, it is of equal importance to investigate the negative influences in globalization, especially to injustice to developing countries and the destruction to some ancient but powerless culture. As an example, most multinationals from developed countries locate their manufacturing departments, which produce much pollution, in developing countries like Thailand, Vietnam and China, while leave their Research&Development sectors at home for some cost-saving reasons. But this aggregates the environmental deterioration and industry structure laggard in the developing countries. Besides, cultural aggression help deracinate many valuable regional culture phenomenon which are supposed to the property of all human being. So, sometimes, material progress and wellbeing of one nation will do harm to others.

To sum up, it is understandable that every country is fixed in firm connections with others, in such a background of highly globalized world. However it doesn't imply that progress in one country would necessarily benefit other nations. The right attitude to this problem is to take the greatest advantage of the worldwide cooperation and to avoid harmful byproducts as possible as we can.

Smile111UID: 140402

也许结构有点问题，in addition之后谈的也是negative effects,是不是应该归到下一段去？？

你的语言真的很流畅喔

makzhouUID: 171135

提供一个反面的例子：
Andre Gunder Frank的Depedemce theory依附理论或者是Wallerstein的World system Theory世界体系理论都说：这个世界上存在一个资本主义体系，宗主国（美国，欧洲）的发达和繁荣是建立在satellite sountry比方说南美洲的各国的衰落上的。事实上，正是靠南美洲国家输出的原材料到欧洲市场上，才能支撑欧洲的繁荣，而宗主国越繁荣，卫星国就越惨……