有木有潜伏在G版的托福党啊，寻找托福口语小伙伴啊！！

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iwishican 发表于 2015-3-28 11:09
我打算按上层里面那个人的方法来试试。

这个我之前也看过！感触很深！不过我个人的备考经验是一个人适合一种套路，你在备考时可以根据自己的情况灵活变化，不用一定拘泥与一个人成功的经验~

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2015.3.27阅读笔记
36套 Exercise 23

The common belief of some linguists that each language
is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking
it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of
the Manchester school of economics that supply and
demand will regulate everything for the best. Just as
economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the
law of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, so
also many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the
very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in
everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a word
has to be modified or defined in order to present the idea
intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John's,
but his own." No language is perfect, and if we admit this
truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to
investigate the relative merits of different languages or of
different details in languages.              ( 155 words)  

1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
  (A) analyze an interesting feature of the English  
     language
  (B) refute a belief held by some linguists
  (C) show that economic theory is relevant to  
     linguistic study
  (D) illustrate the confusion that can result from the   
     improper use of language
  (E) suggest a way in which languages can be made  
     more nearly perfect   

For the following question, consider each of the
choices separately and select all that apply  
2. The misunderstanding presented by the author in  
   the passage is similar to which of the following?
A X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Y  
thinks that X is referring to one person only.
B X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly"  
   to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that  
   "anomaly" means "exception."
C X uses the word "bachelor" to mean "unmarried
   man," but Y mistakenly thinks that bachelor means  
"unmarried woman."   
C是Y把单词意思记错了，不能选

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2015.3.27阅读笔记（二）
Traditional research has confronted only Mexican
and United States interpretations of Mexican-American
culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we
Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from
a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving  (5)
settlers to, finally, a conquered people—a charter
minority on our own land.
When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they inter-
married with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous
Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation  (10)
was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early
1800‘s and brought the indigenous Indians into Mexican
life and government. In the 1820‘s, United States citizens
migrated to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton.
As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of  (15)
acquiring land by subduing native populations began to
dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly,
culminating in a military conflict that led to victory for
the United States. Thus, suddenly deprived of our parent
culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-American   (20)
modes of thought and action in order to survive.

3. Which of the following statements most clearly
contradicts the information in this passage?
(A) In the early 1800‘s, the Spanish committed more
resources to settling California than
to developing Texas.
(B) While Texas was under Mexican control, the
population of Texas quadrupled, in spite of the
fact that Mexico discouraged immigration
from the United States.
(C) By the time Mexico acquired Texas, many
Indians had already married people of
Spanish heritage.
(D) Many Mexicans living in Texas returned to
Mexico after Texas was annexed by the
United States.
(E) Most Indians living in Texas resisted Spanish
acculturation and were either killed or
enslaved.
E和原文When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they inter-
married with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous
Indians.严重冲突
B在原文中并没有具体提到，不算冲突

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2015.3.27阅读笔记（三）


The social sciences are less likely than other intellectual
enterprises to get credit for their accomplishments.
Arguably, this is so because the theories and conceptual
constructs of the social sciences are especially accessible:
human intelligence apprehends truths about human affairs
with particular facility.
This underappreciation of the social sciences contrasts
oddly with what many see as their overutilization. Game
theory is pressed into service in studies of shifting
international alliances. Evaluation research is called upon
to demonstrate successes or failures of social programs. Yet
this rush into practical applications is itself quite
understandable: public policy must continually be made,
and policymakers rightly feel that even tentative findings
and untested theories are better guides to decision-making
than no findings and no theories at all.

19.        It can be inferred from the passage that, when speaking of the “overutilization” (line 11) of the social sciences, the author is referring to the
(A) premature practical application of social science advances
(B) habitual reliance on the social sciences even where common sense would serve equally well
(C) practice of bringing a greater variety of social science disciplines to bear on a problem than the nature of the problem warrants
(D) use of social science constructs by people who do not fully understand them
(E) tendency on the part of social scientists to recast everyday truths in social science jargon

这个题目也是看了答案之后 才恍然大悟
A对应的是原文：yet this rush into practical application，所以是premature，而且正出现在overutilization之后的局子里
其他的选项基本是文中没有说到
20.        The author confronts the claim that the social sciences are being overutilized with
这道题最关键在于理解题意，confronts the claim with，说明是把overutilized的观点和另一个观点对比，另一观点就是underappreciation了。
(A) proof that overextensions of social science results are self-correcting
文中没提到
(B) evidence that some public policy is made without any recourse to social science findings or theories
这个和文中的意思正相反，文中是说social science的概念诸如game theory被用到了international alliance，是有理论根据的。
(C) a long list of social science applications that are perfectly appropriate and extremely fruitful
文中提到overutilization并不是要强调social science的fruitful，而且文中也没有列出一长串
(D) the argument that overutilization is by and large the exception rather than the rule
作者并不是要把voerutilizaiton和overutilization作对比，所以不符合题意
(E) the observation that this practice represents the lesser of two evils under existing circumstances
E选项提到了Lesser就是两者选一，和题意对比符合

which of the following is a social science discipline that the author mentions as being possibly overutilized?
B game theory
其他的选项文中并没有提到或者是错误的组合了文中的概念
所以不要犹豫，答案就是正跟在overutilization后面的game theory

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2015.3.17阅读笔记（四 ）重点复习！！！
这篇文章其实没怎么看懂，只是意思明白了，逻辑思路没完全明白！
In Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry does not reject
integration or the economic and moral promise of the
American dream; rather, she remains loyal to this dream
while looking, realistically, at its incomplete realization.
Once we recognize this dual vision, we can accept the
play's ironic nuances as deliberate social commentaries by
Hansberry rather than   as the "unintentional" irony that
Bigsby attributes to the work. Indeed a curiously persistent
refusal to credit Hansberry with a capacity for intentional
irony has led some critics to interpret the play's thematic
conflicts as mere confusion, contradiction, or eclecticism.
Isaacs, for example, cannot easily reconcile Hansberry's
intense concern for her race with her ideal of human
reconciliation. But the play's complex view of Black
self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more
"contradictory" than Du Bois' famous, well-considered
ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity,
or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also
accommodates national identities and roles.  (158 words)   

6.The author's primary purpose in this passage is to
  (A) explain some critics' refusal to consider Raisin
       in the Sun a deliberately ironic play
  (B)suggest that ironic nuances ally Raisin in the   
     Sun with Du Bois' and Fanon's writings
  (C) analyze the fundamental dramatic conflicts in  
      Raisin in the Sun
  (D) justify the inclusion of contradictory elements   
      in Raisin in the Sun
  (E) affirm the thematic coherence underlying Raisin in   
the Sun   
第一句里面not reject所以是持正态度
A使部分内容, B是错误的，C和D都是文重要反驳的

7. Select the sentence that the author of the passage  
reinforce  his  criticism  of  responses  such  as  Isaacs'  to
Raisin in the Sun?   
这个是最后一句，关键词是reinforce，也就是说又强调了一遍
Isaacs之前句子的是第一次批评，之后的句子才是有一次批评

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2015.3.27总结
之前考过很多次，其实36套都做过，不过今天在看linguists和economics也就是阅读笔记（一）那篇文章感触特别深！之前做的时候，虽然靠解析明白了文章什么意思，但是自己并没有从全局的角度看懂作者是怎么对比的，和这两者究竟哪里相似了。但是昨天做的时候自己直接就看出来了，非常高兴！可以说自己还是有进步的，只要再继续刻苦的练下去，关键就一句话，多读！肯定行！

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2015.3.28阅读笔记（一）
阅读教程ex24
As Gilbert White，Darwin， and others observed long ago， all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult： some populations remain roughly constant from year to year； others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity； still others vary wildly， with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather， and in other cases not.
   
    To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns， one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have density-dependent growth parameters； that is， rates of birth， death， and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters， with vital rates buffeted by environmental events； these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.
   
    This dichotomy has its uses， but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing， no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth， death， and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages， if there were no density-dependent effects， the population would， in the long run， either increase or decrease without bound （barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly）。 Put another way， it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes， and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant， and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet， whether recognized or not， they will usually determine the long-term average population density.
   
    In order to understand the nature of the ecologist''s investigation， we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret， one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones， while the density-independent effects act to produce noise in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant， or that oscillate around repeated cycles， the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described， even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations， we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.
1.    The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
(A) discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relative importance
(B) describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur
并没有重点说rates 的 fluctuate，而重点说的是population影响因素，这个影响因素的意思不是从为什么occur的角度写的
(C) proposing a hypothesis concerning population sizes and suggesting ways to test it
没有假设
(D) posing a fundamental question about environmental factors in population growth and presenting some currently accepted answers
不算严格意义上的解决问题型文章
(E) refuting a commonly accepted theory about population density and offering a new alternative
文中一直是在说两种原因，怎么样考虑两种原因更科学，而非推翻什么观点
3.    Which of the following statements can be inferred from the last paragraph?
(A) For irregularly fluctuating populations, doubling the number of observations made will probably result in the isolation of density-dependent effects.
这个是程度的变化题，原文中只说了few observation，并没有具体量化，所以这里具体到两倍是不对的
(B) Density-dependent effects on population dynamics do not occur as frequently as do density-independent effects.
这个是混淆概念的选项，要注意，frequent是说出现的频率，而第三段里面99%是占得比率！完全不同！换句话说，每个Population dynamics都会出现两种effects，只不过一种出现了一个，另一种出现了99个。
(C) At present, ecologists do not understand any of the underlying causes of the density-dependent effects they observe in population dynamics.
C有些迷糊，当然可以肯定的是E绝对对，所以一定要选E，文章中说的是造成的机理没有明白，并没有明确说原因不明。造成这些原因的机理和原因还是有一些差别的
(D) Density-dependent effects on growth parameters are thought to be caused by some sort of biochemical “signaling” that ecologists hope eventually to understand.
根本没提到
(E) It is sometimes possible to infer the existence of a density-dependent factor controlling population growth without understanding its causative mechanism.
对应even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown
4.    The discussion concerning population in third paragraph serves primarily to
(A) demonstrate the difficulties ecologists face in studying density-dependent factors limiting population growth
(B) advocate more rigorous study of density-dependent factors in population growth
文中说的只是不能忽视d-d因素，并没说要更加严苛的研究。
(C) prove that the death rates of any population are never entirely density-independent
(D) give an example of how death rates function to limit population densities in typical populations（E）
(E) underline the importance of even small density-dependent factors in regulating long-term population densities
这个题被GRE迷惑了！E选项其实就是第三段的意思。第三段分为两部分，第一部分说，不可能都有D-I因素决定，第二部分最后一句，seem unimportant = important, they will usually determine = important。所以都是在说Importance

蓝色未来UID: 3601741

iwishican 发表于 2015-3-28 11:09
我打算按上层里面那个人的方法来试试。

你好，他说的那个Excel是什么啊 哪里有啊？还有那个pp2哪里有啊？

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.3.28阅读笔记（二）
Modern archaeological finds can still contribute much to the study of ancient literature. For example, forty years ago a survey of the early Greek dramatist Aeschylus’ plays would have started with The Suppliant Women. Many factors internal to the play, but perhaps most especially the prominence of the chorus (which in this play has the main role), led scholars to consider it one of Aeschylus’ earlier works. The consensus was that here was a drama truly reflecting an early stage in the evolution of tragedy out of choral lyric. The play was dated as early as the 490’s B.C., in any event (in any event: 无论如何), well before Aeschylus’ play The Persians of 472 B.C. Then, in 1952, a fragment of papyrus found at Oxyrhynchus was published stating the official circumstances and results of a dramatic contest. The fragment announced that Aeschylus won first prize with his Danaid tetralogy, of which The Suppliant Women is the opening play, and defeated Sophocles in the process. Sophocles did not compete in any dramatic contest before 468 B.C., when he won his first victory. Hence, except by special pleading (e. g., that the tetralogy was composed early in Aeschylus’ career but not produced until the 460’s B.C.), the Danaid tetralogy must be put after 468 B.C. In addition, a few letters in the fragment suggest the name Archedemides, archon in 463 B.C., thus perhaps tying the plays to that precise date, almost exactly halfway between Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes of 467 B.C. and his Oresteia.
　　The implication of the papyrus administered a severe shock to the vast majority of classical scholars, who had confidently asserted that not only the role of the chorus but also language, metrics, and characterization all pointed to an early date. The discovery has resulted in no less than a total reevaluation of every chronological criterion that has been applied to or derived from Aeschylus’ plays. The activity has been brisk, and a new creed has now spread. The prominence of the chorus in The Suppliant Women now is seen not as a sign of primitivism but as analogous to the massive choral songs of the Oresteia. Statistics have been formulated, or reformulated, to show that stylistically The Suppliant Women does actually occupy a position after The Persians and Seven Against Thebes, which now become the “primitive” plays, and before the Oresteia. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed, showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles, and throwing the date once more into utter confusion. This is unlikely to happen, but it warns us that perhaps the most salutary feature of the papyrus scrap is its message of the extreme difficulty of classifying and categorizing rigidly the development of a creative artist.
21. The author of the passage focuses primarily on
　　(A) discussing a series of modern archaeological finds and their impact on the study of Greek literature
只说了一个find，并且只讨论了one author of Greek literature，并非研究希腊文学
　　(B) recounting the effect of one archaeological find on modern ideas concerning a particular author’s work
正确
　　(C) giving a definitive and coherent account of the chronology of a particular author’s work
仍然没有定论
　　(D) illustrating the many varieties of difficulties involved in establishing facts concerning ancient literature
困难只是一部分
　　(E) determining the exact value of archaeological finds in relation to the history of ancient literature
并没有精确到Exact
　　22. With respect to the study of ancient literature, which of the following statements best expresses the author’s main point concerning modern archaeological finds?
　　(A) They can profoundly alter accepted views of ancient literary works, and can encourage flexibility in the way scholars look at the creative development of any artist.
最后一句：difficulty of rigidly the development，所以暗示creative
　　(B) They can be severely shocking and can have a revivifying effect on the study of ancient literature, which has recently suffered from a lack of interest on the part of scholars.未提到lack of interest
　　(C) They can raise more questions than they answer and can be unreliable sources of information.错误，正相反，新发现是解决问题的可靠信息来源
　　(D) They generally confirm scholars’ ideas about ancient literary works and allow them to dispense with inferences drawn from the works’ internal structure.

　　(E) They often undermine scholarly consensus in certain areas and create utter confusion concerning an author’s work.
最后一局开始，this is unlikely to happen,否定了utter confusion
26. The author’s attitude toward the “activity” mentioned in line 35 and its consequences can best be described as one of
　　(A) amused tolerance
brisk是正态度，而E的unrestrained不客观，直接排除，所以只能是A
　　(B) mocking envy
　　(C) grave doubt
　　(D) angry disapproval
　　(E) unrestrained enthusiasm
　　27. The allusion to the hypothetical papyrus fragment in line 45-49 does which of the following?
　　(A) Supports an argument concerning the date of The Suppliant Women.
和support date毫无关系
　　(B) Refutes the views of the majority of scholars concerning the Oxyrhynchus papyrus find.和之前的find results无关，讲的是新思路新研究方向
　　(C) Predicts the future results of archaeological research proposed in the passage.
不是results,而是研究方向
　　(D) Undermines the validity of the currently accepted chronology of Aeschylus’ works.
这个hypothetical papyrus引出的目的就是否定精确定位年限的方法，所以它的作用绝不是推翻某种定位的说法（虽然是推翻，但还是在注重定位）
　　(E) Qualifies (To modify, limit, or restrict, as by giving exceptions.) the author’s agreement with the “new creed” developed since the Oxyrhynchus papyrus find.
首先hypothetical papyrus是在the new doctirne = the new creed后面出现的，所以是承接这个新纪元。且最后一句对于定位具体年限做出了否定态度，所以对于新纪元是肯定的=agreement

天空的颜色loveUID: 3366429

楼主加油。！~
你考GRE的过程，估计跟我考语言的过程好相似~
隔空抱！~
加油加油

iwishicanUID: 3155544

蓝色未来 发表于 2015-3-28 20:45
你好，他说的那个Excel是什么啊 哪里有啊？还有那个pp2哪里有啊？

不知道，pp2这个网站会有，那个excel,估计他自己弄的。

iwishicanUID: 3155544

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-3-28 15:02
这个我之前也看过！感触很深！不过我个人的备考经验是一个人适合一种套路，你在备考时可以根据自己的情况 ...

对的，就是一种参考。不是标准。

蓝色未来UID: 3601741

iwishican 发表于 2015-3-28 11:09
我打算按上层里面那个人的方法来试试。

那那个简版的Excel你有没有啊？我只有6000词汇的那个Excel  问一下能给一下这个原帖子的地址吗？

蓝色未来UID: 3601741

iwishican 发表于 2015-3-29 10:10
对的，就是一种参考。不是标准。

不用了 我找到Excel了 那个人的速度感觉好快啊

iwishicanUID: 3155544

蓝色未来 发表于 2015-3-29 19:32
不用了 我找到Excel了 那个人的速度感觉好快啊

在哪找到的？给我一个链接，我只要3000的，6000的都不要。还从来不会用那种方式呢，都是一个个的来看的单词。那人速度有点快，我们不必要相同的，按自己的方式来好了。