[pooh的百宝箱] [color=#ff00ec]POOH百宝箱历史类之二 Preservation of Historic Buildings [/co [复制链接]

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发表于 2004-6-27 13:27:22 |显示全部楼层

注：最后附了可以下载的文本，建议最好去下载这个版本，非常清晰。以前文章的word版，我会一起加到这个帖子来的。等全部类型做完后也会有个汇总的word版。
[B]Preservation of Historic Buildings[/B]

Why Preserve?
Who Benefits from Preservation -- and How?

Preservation c an help anyone in any place. It benefits young and old, urban and rural areas, residential neighborhoods and commercial districts.
Preservation's advantages range so widely that it's impossible to list them all. But there are at least three that show up again and again.

Appearance

A flat-faced modern office block or an elegantly detailed pre-war commercial building?
A strip mall fronted by a parking lot or a pedestrian-friendly retail district?
A McMansion with a huge garage or a Victorian with a wraparound porch?
Comparisons like these illustrate one of preservation's most obvious advantages: it creates more attractive places to live and work. The style and variety of historic places make communities much better to look at, as the examples below show:

Dozen Distinctive Destinations
An annual list that highlights vacation spots which have preserved their character and sense of place.

Historic Hotels of America
Its 185 members prove that beautiful historic buildings can also offermodern amenities.

Economics
Preservation isn't something smart people do when they can afford it -- it's something they know that they can't afford not to do. The examples below highlight what studies have consistently shown: protecting and reusing historic places makes good financial sense.
Community Partners
Rehabilitation and adaptive use of historic buildings creates profits as well as appealing places to live and work.

Heritage Tourism
Towns and cities that protect their historic areas attract more visitors, and those people stay longer and spend more.

National Main Street Center
Investing in traditional commercial districts both produces new jobs and eliminates the cost of sprawl, such as time lost in the car and the expense of providing new infrastructure like roads.

History and Culture
Historic places tell a community where it came from -- what previous generations achieved, what they believed, what they hoped to be. By protecting these reminders of the past, preservation also builds the present and the future, since it saves valuable resources and recalls a community's goals and dreams, as these examples show:
Issues and Policies
Protecting the buildings at the heart of American life, such as neighborhood schools and downtown commercial districts, is crucial to creating better communities.

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以下作为补充和参考，没有时间也可以不看。
Why Preserve?

What's the Truth About Preservation?
There's lots of "facts" around about what preservation is and does. Unfortunately, some information is more accurate than others. The following list considers seven of the most common misperceptions.
· Preservation is only for high-style buildings associated with famous dead rich people.
· Preservation is too expensive.
· If my house is listed on a historic register or located in a historic district, I lose all my property rights to the government.
· If a place is listed on an historic register, it's safe from demolition.
· Preservation is bad for business.
· Old buildings aren't safe.
· Preservation only cares about the past.
Myth: Preservation is only for high-style buildings associated with famous dead rich people.

Reality: Preservation actually involves every aspect of America's past. Preservation cares about the homes of the rich and the poor, industrial sites and downtown commercial districts, schools and colleges, religious sites and governmental buildings, parks and other places for recreation, rural landscapes and structures -- just about any place that helps tell America's story.
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Myth: Preservation is too expensive.

Reality: Good preservation does have costs -- but not preserving costs even more. Demolition has significant expenses: workers who tear down a historic place and carry away the debris must be paid, ugly landfills must be provided to receive construction materials. Additional costs appear if a "replacement" goes in an undeveloped area, since building on open spaces requires creating and maintaining services like roads and sewers.
Recent projects prove that preservation is often cheaper. In Chicago, where the public school system is now spending $2.5 billion to upgrade facilities, bare-bones new construction is costing $155 per square foot -- but renovation is costing just $130.
Destroying our past has costs that extend far beyond money. Lost is the work of talented craftsmen who created beautiful, lasting buildings. Lost are the memories and pride that a community took in one of its landmarks. And lost is the opportunity for future generations to enjoy and to learn from the places that help us understand and appreciate where we came from.
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Myth: If my house is listed on a historic register or located in a historic district, I lose all my property rights to the government.
Reality: There are many variations on this theme:
· I won't be able to change anything about my house, such as paint color or landscaping or plumbing, without the approval of the "history police."
· I have to open my house for tours.
· I won't be able to sell my house.
None of those statements is true. No one from the local, state, or federal government, for example, is going to block the installation of a dishwasher or hot-water heater. Historic review boards may evaluate major projects, but these locally-chosen boards also give homeowners the opportunity to present their case for making changes. Though many people choose to open their homes to once-a-year neighborhood tours, no one has to give the public access. And it's becoming increasingly clear that being part of a historic district may actually improve property values, since potential buyers know that their community will escape the kind of every-man-for-himself development that ultimately leaves everyone poorer.
Myth: If a place is listed on an historic register, it's safe from demolition.
Reality: Unfortunately, buildings that are important enough to have made a local, state, or national register can still be torn down. Listing in the National Register of Historic Places, for example, does provide some protection, since a project built with federal money -- like a highway -- must consider its impact on historic resources, but even then, historic resources can be damaged or destroyed if there is no "feasible" alternative.
Because legal protection is limited, it's vital for communities to fight for their historic places. Few new projects -- roads, offices, stores -- have to be built in a specific place in a particular way. Citizens can make sure that their elected officials understand the need to protect the historic places, and find ways to combine the best of the old and the new.

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Myth: Preservation is bad for business.

Reality: Preservation is actually a good business -- and a big one. A recent travel industry survey found that more than 40% of Americans made visiting a historic place -- a building, battlefield or historic community -- part of their vacations, and that these people spent nearly 40% more than the typical traveler. Communities participating in the National Trust's Main Street program, which revitalizes traditional commercial districts, have generated more than $16 billion in private and public investment since 1980.
Preservation is also better business than new construction. A study shows that $1,000,000 spent on rehabilitation will create more jobs and keep more money in the local economy than the same $1,000,000 spent on new construction.

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Myth: Old buildings aren't safe.

Reality: It's not the age of buildings that makes them safe from forces like fire and earthquakes and hurricanes -- it's how they're built. Recent disasters have shown that older, carefully constructed buildings may stand up better. In 1992's Hurricane Andrew, for example, it was new, cheaply built structures that suffered the most damage.
What's equally important is that old buildings can adopt new safety methods. Historic schools and office buildings can be retrofitted with modern fire-surpression systems and seismic reinforcement. In the early 1990s, Stanford University showed how modern techniques could preserve and strengthen buildings that had been damaged by an earlier earthquake.
Nor does preservation increase the danger from hazards like asbestos and lead paint. If an older building includes either of those materials, they have to be abated whether the structure is demolished or rehabilitated, and often preservation creates less danger because it does not expose the hazards to the air.

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Myth: Preservation only cares about the past.

Reality: Preservation does care about the past. It cares about honoring the achievements of previous generations, the places they lived and worked, and the history and achievements we now enjoy.
But preservation also cares about the present and the future. By protecting our past, it helps us remember how we came to be where we are and what we ought to do now. And it cares about giving future generations the same opportunities to enjoy beautiful buildings and landscapes that we have today.

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相关issue题目
Issue 26
"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."

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