日本大学介绍-东北大学-Brief History

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标  题: 日本大学介绍-东北大学-Brief History
发信站: 北大未名站 (2004年05月21日14:33:09 星期五), 转信


Tohoku University was founded in Sendai in 1907 as Tohoku Imperial
University. It was the third Imperial University in Japan, and comprised the
College of Agriculture and College of Science.

Since its foundation, the University has been very progressive and given
stimulus to the society. To give a few examples, it was the first Imperial
University to admit applicants who had not finished regular preparatory
courses; that is, it accepted graduates from college of Medicine and
Technical Colleges (Koto Senmon Gakko) and holders of a certificate for
secondary school teachers. It was also the first to introduce coeducation
into Japanese universities. It presented university extension lecture to the
public ahead of its time. And it conferred degrees to foreign graduates as
far back as 1911, which means that Tohoku University opened its doors to
foreign students even earlier than University of Tokyo, the oldest
University in Japan.

The above mentioned measures characterize the "Open-door" policy of Tohoku
University, and were epoch-making events in the history of Japanese
universities. And this policy is still vigorous at the University today.

The College of Medicine, established in 1915, joined the University as its
School of Medicine in 1919. In the same year, the College of Science became
the Faculty of Science, and was established the School of Engineering.

The faculties other than those of the natural sciences were established
comparatively late. In 1922, the Faculty of Law and Literature was
established, with which Tohoku University became a "University" in the true
sense of the word. The Faculty of Agriculture was established in 1947, the
Faculty of Law and Literature was divided into three faculties: School of
Law, Faculty of Economics, and Faculty of Arts and Letters. In accordance
with the introduction of the new school system, the University was
reorganized to comprise eight faculties, adding the Faculty of Education,
and took the present name of Tohoku University.

The School of Dentistry and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences were
established in 1965 and in 1972 respectively. Today, Tohoku University is
one of the largest as well as oldest university in Japan, comprising 10
faculties, 15 graduate schools (including 5 graduate schools with no
respective faculties), 5 research institutes, and many other educational and
research centers and facilities.

Following its "Open-door" spirit, the University has cherished as its
fundamental ideal a "Search-for-Truth" spirit, which may be rephrased as the
"Research First" principle. This does not mean exclusive stress on research
at the expense of education; it means that where there is a good research,
there is good education.

The "University Autonomy" spirit that has defended academic freedom in spite
of the many obstacles on its path is also one of the characteristics of
Tohoku University. We are proud of the long history of the University and
its struggle to defend academic freedom.

Today the main part of the University has been moved from Katahira Campus to
Aobayama and Kawauchi Campuses covering 130 hectares of the Sendai area, and
the Comprehensive Reorganization Program for systematically concentrating
the offices and faculties of the University is about to be completed. Thus,
the history of Tohoku University is now going to take a remarkable turn to
an ever brighter future.
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标  题: 日本大学介绍-东北大学-Organization
发信站: 北大未名站 (2004年05月21日14:36:02 星期五), 转信

    * Graduate School/Faculty of Arts and Letters
    * Graduate School/Faculty of Education
    * Graduate School/Faculty of Law
          o Lawschool
          o School of Public Policy
    * Graduate School of Economics and Management/Faculty of Economics
    * Graduate School/Faculty of Science
    * Graduate School/School of Medicine
    * Graduate School/School of Dentistry
    * Graduate School/Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    * Graduate School/School of Engineering
    * Graduate School/Faculty of Agriculture
    * Graduate School of International Cultural Studies
    * Graduate School of Information Sciences
    * Graduate School of Life Sciences
    * Graduate School of Environmental Studies
    * Graduate School of Educational Informatics, Research Division /
Education Division
    * Internet School of Tohoku University

    * Institute for Materials Research
    * Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer
    * Institute of Fluid Science
    * Research Institute of Electrical Communication
    * Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials

    * Tohoku University Hospital

    * Tohoku University Library

    * Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center
    * Research Center for Higher Education
    * International Student Center
    * Center for North East Asian Studies
    * Center for Low Temperature Science
    * The Tohoku University Museum
    * New Industry Creation Hatchery Center
    * Admission Center
    * Center for Interdisciplinary Research
    * Environment Conservation Center
    * Information Synergy Center
    * Health Administration Center
    * Tohoku University Archives
    * Student Counseling Center
    * Kawatabi Seminar Center
    * High-Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory
    * Archaeological Research Center on the Campus
    * Venture business laboratory
    * Biomedical Engineering Research Organization
    * Administration Bureau

    * College of Medical Sciences

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Some Facts From Tohoku U's Website

1,Organization and History

Following Tokyo University (1877) and Kyoto University (1897), Tohoku
University was founded in 1907 as the third Imperial University. Today the
University is one of the largest and oldest national universities in Japan
with five campuses in Sendai.
It is consists of 10 undergraduate schools, 15 graduate schools, and many
distinctive research institutes.

Since its inception, the university has embraced its "research -first" and
"open-door" policies and puts strong emphasis on education led by
prestigious scholars and researchers. In addition, Tohoku University was the
first university to admit female students in Japan, and it also accepted
transfer students from professional schools and colleges ahead of its time.

2,Faculty and Staff Members, University Expenses

The total number of faculty and staff members is 4,948. (As of May 1, 2003)
(2,359 Faculty Members and 2,589 Staff Members)
Professor:790
Associate Professor: 635
Lecture:153
Assistant Professor: 1011

The annual expenditure in fiscal year 2002 was 113,282 million yen.
(Payroll:41.0%, General Research & Educational Activities:31.1%,
Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research:6.4%, Joint Research with
Industries:5.7%, Facilities Expenditure:15.8%)

3,Resaerch Activitys, Cooperation with Industries

Tohoku University won the first place in the research area in "Best
University in Asia 2000" ranking. (Asia Week magazine)

New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe)
Tohoku University was the first national university to build a research
center of this kind. The facility was established in 1998 with a mission to
contribute to the development of new technologies and industries. Except for
general operation expenditure, the research center's operations are financed
exclusively using public grants and endorsements. Tohoku Technoarch, Inc.
supports the patenting processes, distributions, and operations of
intellectual assets held by the university professors.

Tohoku University Research Networks (TURNS)
Various research groups from different disciplines within the university
conduct joint research based on specific themes. In 2003, the following 16
research groups participated in the program:Energy Engineering, Inner Space
Technology, Carbonaceous Materials Development, Botanical Energy
Development, Genetic Engineering, Scientific Studies of Local Art Culture,
Synchrotron Radiation, Bioengineering, Crystal Growth, Science of Functional
Molecules/ Materials, Protein Science, Fundamental Studies of Cancer,
Utilization of Satellite Remote Sensing, Brain Research, Fluid Science,
Global Environment.

4,Internatinal Academic Exchange, International Student Exchange

Tohoku University has academic exchange agreements with 252 organizations
across 38 countries and currently receives over 1,000 international students.

In May 2003, 1,054 international students from 69 countries are enrolled at
Tohoku University. (Asian students amount to about 80%, of which 40% are
from China and 20% are from Korea.) Of all the international students, 10%
are undergraduate, 67% are graduate, and 13% are research students.

Today, 107 Japanese students from Tohoku University are studying abroad.
(Europe: 40%, North America: 40%) Tohoku University started Junior Year
Program in English in 1996. We now provide some classes in English (mainly
engineering and science classes) in order to accommodate students from the
schools with which we have student exchange agreements, by helping those who
study education, science, and engineering with limited Japanese language
proficiency. This short-term program lasts from six months to a year. About
50 students study in the program today.

In 2002, 2,558 faculty members from our university went abroad, and 869
foreign scholars visited our university.

5,Students and Education

Tohoku University's educational systems, which totally combine general study
courses and sepecialized courses, let students take both courses according
to consistent curriculums provided in their departments. Faculties of Arts
and Literature, Education, Law, Economics, Science, Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Engineering, and Agriculture take the forms of four-year curriculum, and
Schools of Medicine and Dentistry provide six-year curriculums.

For the selection of admission applicants, Tohoku University uses several
methods such as general selection, recommendation, and some special
selections for returnee students. Starting in 2000, we also adopted
Admission Office (AO) entrance examination, which let us evaluate
candidates' unique personalities, talents, and abilities upon selection from
different points of view using multiple methods. The purpose of the AO
entrance exam is to provide more chances to a variety of candidates who
possess basic academic ability and are highly motivated.

About 54.5% of all students receive some kind of scholarships.

Roughly one-half of all undergraduate students go on to graduate schools.
Many students find their careers in the fields of finance/insurance
industry, in service industry, and as public servants. These industries
amount to 50% of the alumna's career fields.

On cumulative basis, 117,379 students from undergraduate programs, 31,457
students from master's programs, and 23,158 students from doctorate programs
had graduated from Tohoku University by March 2003.

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转自http://www.losn.com.cn/world_university/Asia/Japan1.htm
按目前的数据进行了少量修改


Tohoku University
东北大学
www.tohoku.ac.jp

地址：〒980-8577 日本宮城県仙台市青葉区片平2丁目1-1
東北大学総務部総務課　TEL 022-217-5059

明治40年（1907年），东北帝国大学建立，它是继东京大学、京都大学之后日本第三个国

立大学。当时大学采用分科建制，东北帝国大学只有一个农科大学（后来农科大学独立为

北海道农业大学），数年后又增设了理科大学，其校址就在现今的片平本部校区，东北帝

大校长由农科大学校长兼任，经费来源有古柯虑之助及宫城县、北海道方面捐赠。1917年

增设医科大学。四年后各分科大学改为学部，并相继设立工学部、法文学部，学校有了可

观的规模。二次大战后实行新制，法文学部分为法学部、文学部、经济学部，第二高等学

校、仙台工业专科学校、宫城师范学校、宫城青年师范学校及宫城女子专门学校相继并入

，新设立了教育学部，校名改为东北大学。以后数年，牙科学部、药学部、教育学部先后

成立，研究生院设置了有关各科，一大批研究所、全校共同利用的研究设施也相继出现，

现已成为包括文、理、工、医、农各科，规模巨大的综合性国立大学。

东北大学目前的机构和组织如下：

学术结构：东北大学现有文学部、教育学部、法学部、经济学部、理学部、工学部、医学

部、农学部、药学部和牙科学部等10个学部。379个讲座或学科目。
研究生院设有文学、教育学、法学、经济学、理学、工学、医学、药学、牙科学、农学、

国际文化、信息科学、生命科学、环境科学、教育信息共15个研究科。
全校有金属材料、选矿冶炼、抗霉菌病、科学计算、高速力学、电气通讯、非水溶液化学

7个附属研究所，还有遗传学研究中心、大型计算中心等两个全国共同利用设施。全校共
同利用机构有：低温中心、应用情报学研究中心、情报处理教育中心，遗传实验室，环境

保护中心，计算中心，百万伏电子显微镜室和保健管理中心等。

学生：2003 年全校共有本科生10,616人；研究生中读博士课程2,843人，硕士课程3,788
人。
建校至今累计授予学士学位117,379人，硕士学位31,457人，博士学位23,158人。

教师：2003年全校共有在职教员2，588人，其中教授789人，副教授635人，讲师153人，
助教1,011人，另有职员2,359人。

财政：东北大学是所国立大学，经费主要由政府即文部省拨款。
此外，学校自己也有一定的收入，如2002财年，附属医院外服务收入224.73亿，学生学费

95.9亿，与业界合作63.89亿，其它收入28.8亿。支出1132.82亿。

图书与医疗设施：全校共藏书275万册，每年以9万册的速度增加。校中心图书馆在二战中

遭受空袭。报刊阅览室及一些建筑物被烧，以后虽被恢复，但仍感空间狭小、设备陈旧。

1972年在川内校区新建成了图书馆，总面积12480平方米，可达到9.8万册开架服务的利
用效率。馆中藏有不少珍本，如狩野文库中的类聚国历史第25 卷、史记·教本纪第10被
指定为稀有国宝。医疗保健方面，在医学部、牙科学部、抗霉菌研究所均设有附属医院，

共有病床1026张。1988年附属医院为校外人员治疗达371740人次。

校区分布：全校在仙台市及效区共有6个校区。本部在仙台市内片平，这是东北大学的发
生地，校内的各行政管理机构、大多数研究所及共同研究中心设在这里。青叶山校区有理

学部、药学部、工学部。星陵校区有牙科学部、医学部。雨宫丁校区只有农学部。川内校

区有文学部、教育学部、法学部、经济学部、教养学部。由于东北大学建在仙台市内片平

地区，随着学校的规模不断扩大，学部、研究生教育机构不断增加，因此在市郊新建了几

个分校区。为了便于教学科研的顺利开展，学校准备在今后数年内对几个校区的发展作综

合规划、统一调整：学部、研究所相对集中，各校区加强充实图书馆建设，有重点地充实

和增设一些服务机构，国际会堂放在正在开发的三条新校区。

东北大学地处日本东北地区，它名符其实地成了该地区最大的综合性大学。由于它学科齐

全，办学水平高，每年为本地区输送了大量政治、经济和文教等各方面高质量人才。尽管

在人文和社会科学方面也有美国文化研究所等佼佼者，但在理、工、医、农学科领域方面

，其研究设施和水平在全国更为突出。

理学部：由东北大学初创时的理科大学发展而来，在东北大学中占核心地位，有“理科的

东北”之称。现共有11个学科、63个讲座、5个附属研究所、16个教育研究设施，为日本
国立大学中理科学科最多的学部。现校属的金属材料研究所和科学计测研究所就是从理学

部独立出去的。附属植物园，面积有455280平方米，自然生态条件优越，有自仙台筑城
400年来保护得很好的枞树天然林，作为学术研究的原生林，1972年被定为自然保护区。
园内栽培有从世界各地来的杨柳科植物 200种1000株。木材有香名誉教授对杨柳科的分类

颇有研究，他收集了该科标本7万件。园内还有自生的羊齿类植物666种，为农学部、教养

学部以及国外学者进行教学和研究的理想基础。对地震、火山的预测研究，早在1952年以

前就在青叶山设有地震观测所，20年后又设立了地震预报观测中心，1987年两所合并附属

地震预报、火山喷发预告观测中心，为该地区最大的同类机构。原子核的物理学研究，
1963年就建成了最高能量3亿电子伏特的研究装置，其主装置的最高光束通过电功率50千
瓦，供校内外单位共同使用，深得国内外好评。基本粒子研究也是东北大学一个重要研究

领域，从1965年起就采用泡箱照片解析方法，同国外高能物理研究所合作，进行教学和研

究工作。现附属泡箱照片解析设施已成为世界中微子、粲子等新粒子研究中心。超高大气

层物理学研究，通过各种观测、解析、计算机控制的手段，采用卫星、火箭、地面观察所

得数据，开展对地球及各行星超高大气层环境综合研究，解释极光及有关物理现象，探索

大气层、陆地、海洋、北极圈、生物圈等等气候系统构成的复杂原因及作用机理。

农学部：由于校区气候温和，有丰富的山地、水田、林场，对农、林、牧经营有着得天独

厚的条件。学校有附属农场，农、林、牧统一经营，并设有农、林、牧、草地各学科领域

综合教育研究设施，是日本大学中唯一的该类教育机构，其中草地教育设施中的博士课程

教学为全国所独有。

医、药学部：康复医学的研究是本学部的重点。最早以温泉治疗为理疗基础，并进行临床

的运用实践，以后扩充为对身体残疾者社会、职业康复和利用温泉治疗慢性疾病两方面发

展。脑部疾病研究，脑活动机理、程序、脑障碍等方面研究有悠久的传统。神经内科和脑

神经外科，自由中枢，脑代谢，脑发育及精神药理学等领域的教学与研究可望在二十一世

纪发挥更大的作用。

工学部：本学部最显明的特征是研究生教育十分发达，教学与研究并重，设有17个研究科

，227个专业讲座，读博士前期课程658人，后期课程576人，为日本大学中屈指可数的研
究生教育机构。学部中有早已闻名的材料强度研究室、抗震结构实验设施、燃烧限界实验

室，为地震预防、新材料研制、节约使用燃料和新能源开发的研究提供有利条件。

全校所属的研究所与研究中心中，大部分均承担着国家重大课题的研究，并已做出显著的

成绩。比如金属材料研究所，被称作日本的“钢都”。选矿冶炼研究所是国内大学第一个

所属的该种类型研究所，在世界上也是独一无二的，吸引了各国学者来此进修和共同研究

。抗震菌病研究所，在癌的研究方面条件优越，为癌细胞的保存，癌细胞学的开发和研究

提供了理想的场所。科学计测研究所在太阳能的开发利用方面有悠久的历史，早在1961年

就建成了集光精度为世界第一的性能优越的太阳炉。还有，高速力学研究所在流体力学、

非水溶液化学研究所在硝酸化学方面研究成果层出不穷，经常举办国际会议，为国内外人

士所赞誉。遗传学研究中心、大型计算中心为全国共同利用设施，后者为适应东北地区需

要，引入世界最新性能的计算机，具有650个终端，已与其它大学情报处理中心接通。低
温中心的超导研究正生机勃勃地开展。加速器与放射性同位素两中心有机地结合在一起，

是与其它单位不同的地方。超高压电子显微镜室有100万伏特的电子显微镜和配套齐全的
真空蒸发电子包埋等辅助装置，许多研究成果在国际会议上发表，并设立了在该项研究上

取得卓越成果获得者小川命名的奖励金制度。

东北大学是所中国人民熟悉的一所大学，我国伟大文学家鲁迅先生，以及数学家苏步青教

授曾就读过该校。该校有优良的学风和校风，归结起来有三点。

1.东北大学向来有着“尊重研究”的光荣传统，并且代代相传，各部门都十分重视科学研

究，成果累累，留下了光辉的业绩。特别是金属材料研究所，在创造KS合金钢的本多光太

郎博士带领下，坚持不懈数十年，全所有很多人获得文化勋章、文化奖、日本科学院奖、

本多纪念奖等各种奖励。科学计测研究所的大型太阳炉不仅在日本、而且在世界上也非常

著名，为日本能源研究作出了贡献。理学部、工学部、医学部培养出了不少优秀学者，如

故布施先之在脑解剖、原校长本川弘一在脑波的基础研究方面获日本科学院奖。本村男也

的病理学，加藤半治郎和中泽房吉的内科学，桂重次的外科学等均在日本医学界起开拓之

功。工学部附属材料强度研究室的横堀武夫教授早在1971年就获日本科学院奖，该室研究

人员在原子能、海洋开发方面的很多研究成果在国外杂志上发表，评价颇高。在日本最高

等级学术奖学士院奖获奖者中，东北大学的毕业生在工程学科占全国大学的第2 位，物理

学、化学均战第3位，获奖人员仅次于东京大学、京都大学。而现正在东北大学工作的获
奖者，工程学、法学、政治学占第2位、物理学为第3位，在获奖频数上仍为全国大学第3
位。

2. 坚持门户开放，东北大学走在日本大学的前头。早在理科大学创建时期，各学科之间
就实施公开讲座教学制度，这就是该校最早期的“扩张教育”。大正二年，东北大学就破

文部省禁招女生的限制招收3名女生入学，开创了日本大学中最早男女同校的先例。1973
年在教育学部中设置大学教育开放中心，这在日本大学中也是最早的。该校提倡4S主义，

即大学教育必须四个面向：研究（Study）、学生（Student）、社会（Society）、服务
（Severty）。大学教育通过开展研究和培训学生为社会服务，可以开拓新视野，发现新
题材。很早之前，植物园中的标本室全部向市民开放，并向他们介绍植物有关知识。这在

闭锁性的日本大学教育中是难能可贵的。现在东北大学已同许多国家和地区数十所大学签

订了校际交流协定，接受了450名外国留学生。

3. 治学严谨，管理有序，招生十分严格。对本科生的专业课教学采用讨论式教学方法。
注意因材施教，在重视培养尖子学生的同时，也重视对后进学生的个别辅导。

　　东北大学未来的发展目标是：坚持研究第一主义，努力探求真理，在教育、研究、为

社会服务各方面力求开创新的局面。在目前研究成果卓著，学者不断涌现，指导社会进步

等方面已得到社会首肯的基础上，不断向前奋进，不仅要成为日本学术文化中心，而且要

取得更多的世界性的成绩。