社会类提纲[分享]

carrie_zhaoliUID: 159219

我将imong 大哥的特训文章全部分类总结放在一起，查了资料，分析相应的文章，找了些例子，写了提纲，有些来自其他人的观点。
希望对大家有帮助

AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT

补几句： 不能把more 给忘了，在限定disagreement 时回归到learning。
from disagreement learn more form agreement
承认disagreement 的初衷应该一致，方式方法不同而已，承认不只是为了争辩，强词夺理，更重要在于相互学习，相互补充。
在以上前提上disagreement 才带来优势：1 不是所有的value 都是一成不变都是真理，只有不同意才能发现问题所在，从而完善。事实上很多突破创新都是基于此 2 agreement 导致观点相互妥协，没有发现问题所在，进步不了，除了增加自信没有学到什么 3 在人认知的发展阶段，creatical thinking 帮助我们巩固深化所学，学习不同意见，分析为什么不同，其他意见的好处是什么，自己的缺点在哪里，怎么改进，或者相反自己错在哪里。
让步 当然agreement 给予自信，帮助和谐也是有利的，但是没有disagreement 多罢了。


今天的topic是：KNOWLEDGE,EXPERIENCE AND IMAGINATION 一共有5个题目
57. "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."

1 indirect experience is also important
A not every one has such opportunity
B other people have demonstrated yet,
2 especially, when one young, and in some area.
3 in some other area, direct experience also important,
in mature step, need experience to examine
in some sports, also need

73. "In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."

117. "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
position: it is insignificant to compare imagination and knowledge
1 knowledge is the basic of imagination, without knowledge, imagination—day dream
2 imagination is also a must for some breakthrough.
3 in all area both are important, however, in distinct steps the two are different—in incipient step, in mature step.

164. "Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes."

1 experience is the basic of imagination
2 imagination is further development of experience
3 some people conclude oneself in the old experience thus constrain the free of imagination.

204. "We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all."
   1 there is no need for all of us to experience very theory before accepting: A some experts have demonstrate them and not every one has enough time and energy to do. B if every one to experience, waste time and money
   2 it is impossible to experience some theory, the theory of relativity; not every one can experience all those theory.
   3 we learn not only through experience but also indirect experience.
   4 admittedly, in some area, the best way to learn a theory is to put into practice—marketing,
stock broker in Wall Street.


分领域
分时间段
imagination is based on knowledge
直接知识----间接知识（个人精力有限。。。集思广益）put our head together

前后前统计一下基本上是这几个：认为knowledge>experience的，experience>knowledge的，imagination>experience的，imagination>knowledge的。今天还意外发现57和117除了一个much之外一字不差，倒~原来没发现。

还是我先起个引子：在写之前肯定要对三者进行一定的界定（不过这次的界定应该比较容易一些），experience和knowledge的关系是对立还是互补，imagination和这两者的关系谁为基础谁为递进，而最根本的是不是等于最重要的，etc.


imagination becomes more or less scientific
in fact, if man limited his mind to what he knows in reality, he could never learn anything new.


预先公布明天的主题： TECHNIQUE / APPROACH IN LEARNING

好，今天的主题是SCIENCE ARTS ETHICS, TAKING COURSES，一共有5个题目：

14. "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature."
    1 those imaginative literature are the treasure of humane wisdom, horizon our mind and vision—mythology illustrate some kind information about other region, their living habits, ethics, methods to deal things, open a door in which there are beautiful picture.
3  guide our life—some book tell the truth of living how to live,
2 various forms of arts render us a psychological shelter from tedious and suppressed reality. relax, feel refresh again, benefits work and activate the motion
4 of cause if one disgust those kinds of book , it is a optional, but a must-deal


34. "Instead of requiring students to take courses in a variety of disciplines—that is, courses ranging from the arts and the humanities to the physical and biological sciences—colleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in those courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today's increasingly work-oriented society."
1 a variety of disciplines target the purpose of education—well formed mature adult, only job narrow mind and vision,
2 opponent point out science students—art, art—science, both are in great demand,
3 various disciplines benefit job in long run, jump job all the time
4 job train also necessary—decent life with noble job.

80. "All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science."
1 some knowledge of science do good to daily life and work—
singer protect sound better, conductor constitute score in computer easier and comfortable and convenient,
2 some crossing subject boom from several distinct subjects—environmental economy, anthropology—geological, chemistry, anthropology, and paleontology, and paleography,  
3        students when young hardly decide what they will devote their life in to, interest always change, activate interest to some degree, if possible.
Michelangelo-sculptor know lots of physics and biological and archaeology
other scientific fiction—astronomy and geological,
an
4        when in further study, disgust such subjects-not a must
   
106. "All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."
1 ethics is important to be a human, ethics tell us how to do and guide us properly,
2 without ethics, only science or other subjects, people become mechanical, and misled, distract from the purpose of education-some disagreement—too early to endow to students,
3 some opponent consider that ethics could be learn in daily life, not necessary taught in class. however, more systematic and  well-formed
5        other program in high demand too

158. The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to students' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects."
1        various courses target the purpose of education
2        arts activate the interest in art, some musician form science, 米开朗琪罗作为sculptors 也了解很多 physics and archaeology
writers may inspired from science比如凡尔纳写海底两万里“two millmiles undersea"?
singers use physiology to protect their sound....
对于学校来说，最好能把science课程分成从难到易几个档次，够学生们选择。如喜欢艺术的同学就可选择较容易的science课程

请问：米开朗琪罗 用英文怎么说
凡尔纳
海底两万里
3        take the time otherwise used in mainstream subject

总结一下：主要观点缩水一下就是必须学SCIENCE的，必须学ETHICS的，有必要学ART的，ART暴重要应当得到提升地位的，然后只钻专业不管其它的。基本上各个方向差不多都有一些。

这次我就不起引子了，直接开始。看看就今天这个topic是不是能出来很多精彩的idea...:D
4"No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
Some field advance
Other field do not, remain


92. "In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information."

1 从个人角度，只有认识到不足，才能谦虚地继续学习和奋斗
个人觉得获取新信息应建立在认识到自己不足的基础上，就像是盛满水的杯子，如何在向里装
2 从社会历史发展角度，正是human being的这种认识，才使得人类社会能够不断进步发展，不断超越自我
3 但也不能过分强调自己的自身的不足，导致挫伤自信心，否定自己努力的成果，同样也不利于进步





138. "Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."

1.mistake的重要，发现并改正，促使进步。例子Edison和他的灯丝
2.反面，若害怕mistake的后果
3.是不是only through mistake?有没有别的对progress也很重要，如curiosity



181. "The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things."
  1.我认为这种difference在不同学科下影响是不同的。例如艺术创作商业信息分析可能是分化相当厉害，效果可能截然不同
2, 但是对于natural science这种分化基本上没有或者非常的小，根本不能影响什么（这两段都围绕后面一句话）
3. 分析training和personality在不同领域中的dominance变化来说明上述现象，并且反对原题不加分析的武断的more of论调


217. "In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made."
  .an origin work usaully tend to be an incomplete one, by following which, it is easilier and less risky for scientists to develop an original work as well.
2.researchers benefit from not only what contribution remain to be made but how the work be a successful one.
1 no one can produce any original work without first assimilating the contributions of former generations
Newton:” it I have seen farther, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”
4        original need creative thinking towards conventional

abjureUID: 169591

good thing,
thanks

最初的梦想UID: 193620

好东西啊～～～～