化学SUB无机部分的部分知识点补充（zz from 我爱南开bbs）

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发信人: medical (从零开始的小猫－PS), 信区: FlywestTest
标  题: 化学SUB无机部分的部分知识点补充
发信站: 我爱南开站 (2004年11月15日03:00:04 星期一)

无机内容补充
我主要整理了一下书上没有的东西
1 几种合金
** Babbitt metal
any of several soft metal alloys used to line bearings and bushings in order
to reduce friction. The metals usually contain large amounts of tin, with
smaller amounts of antimony, copper and lead. The principal alloy consists
of 89 percent tin, 7 percent antimony and 4 percent copper. Babbitt metal is
named after its inventor, the American Isaac Babbitt

** Brass
alloy of copper and zinc. Harder than copper it is ductile and can be
hammered into thin leaves. Formerly any alloy of copper especially one with
tin was called brass and it is probable that the brass of ancient time was
of copper and tin

** Bronze
originally applied to an alloy of copper containing tin,……now include
aluminum bronze, manganese bronze, and silicon bronze.

** Wood’s metal
an alloy composed of Bi (50%),Lead (25%), Tin (12.5%) and Ca (12.5%)

2 软酸硬酸和软碱硬碱
我在书上没找着，在其他的一些资料上找到的，不是很系统

软酸：碱金属，碱土金属，和高价的金属离子
软酸：重过渡金属，金属离子，低价或零价金属，一般都是副族元素，极化能力强，变
形性大
硬碱：半径小，不易被极化
软碱：半径大，易被极化，容易结合给出电子，易变形，易于氧化，电负性低

软酸倾向于结合软碱，硬酸倾向于结合硬碱


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