issue184 grave mistake vs data

haiyaUID: 187989

------题目------
It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.
------正文------
The author alleges that without data, to theorize is a grave mistake. Admittedly, the primary fundamental in science is that all theory should come from facts. However, besides collecting data, there do exit other effective approach to unveil the truth.

Admittedly, data is a powerful evidence to support the theory. It is direct and convincible. Through the data analysis, such as comparing, speculating and counting, the theory may bear less faults and foibles. Consider the Traditional Genetics as an example. Mendel had spent 8 years to collect amounts of data about the characters of pea. Referring to these valuable data, he put forward the theory about genetics. Although the discovery was re-founded by three biologists after 35 years, the data still had powerful life force to support his theory. According to the example, since the data comes from the fact as the first-handed information, the reality and reliability of the theory is undoubted. Thus, the theory, which is established on the basis of these data, is invulnerable when other view points challenge it.

However, to collect data is not the only effective approach to cast theory. Due to other factors, such as time and technology, the data about much phenomenon is difficult to obtain. Thus, in order to explore in these realms, other scientific and correct approaches are also applied to some researches. Therefore, without data, to theorize is not a grave mistakes at times.

Turning to the first point, in early 17th century, many scientists has advocated a novel research approach, thinking-basing arguments on the accumulative facts, observation and experiment. Absent first handed data, this approach paved the road to research on matters. Owning to the advocation of the approach, the whole realm of science has developed rapidly until today. Retrospecting into the history, it is laden with amounts of examples. One case in point is the discovery of inertia. In Galileo's time, there were no technologies and material to realize the non-resistant condition for the further research about inertia. Nevertheless, Galileo didn't give up and found another way to create an ideal condition to justify the existence of inertia. Depending on this research method, although he lacked the direct data, the theory of inertia, which would become one branch of the Classical Mechanics, was justified reasonably. Thus, data is not essential to theorize. Without data, the theory are not weaken but also precise to realize its value.

Secondly, some bold assumptions are also meaningful to theorize. Limited by the ability or time, we are unable to collect data or do experience to check its truth. However, in the realm of science, there do exist many assumptions which are put forward by researchers. Albeit lacking data or experiment, the assumption seems unfounded and superficial. However, researchers are familiar with knowledge about their fields and have much valuable experience. We can believe that their intuitions is so distinguished from the common’s guess that assumptions, which are founded on their intuitions, are not invalid but scientific to some extent. Moreover, assumptions also support the research in other realms. Consider the Moving Continents as an example. Inspired by the map, Wegener supposed that the edge of several continents on the map matched reciprocally. Depending on the longtime research of earth science, he realized what he supposed was reasonable and thus gave the birth of Moving Continent, which explain the change of sea and teeming life forms. This assumption was also applied to explain the evolution issue, which are relative to the original source of human’s ancestor. With the bondage of exited technology and methods, many theory impossibly gain the direct support from the factual data. Nonetheless, proved by the practice, the assumption are effective to explain much phenomenon and its assumptive state may be converted to the fact sooner or latter.

Admittedly, theories without any factual fundaments are fallacies or heresy. They betray the spirit of science—to pursue the truth. As is known to all, it is certain that any researchers who attempt to establish theory on no basis will go down in the history as the symbol of infamy.

To sum up, data, as a useful approach, take an important role in the history of science development. However, there do exist much uncertain matter that lacks effective data to justify. Thus, making theory without data is not a grave mistake insofar as researches obey the science spirit. Moreover, with the wisdom and talent of human, more scientific research approaches will be designed to assist the exploration of the nature certainly.

clausiusUID: 147331

The author alleges that without data, to theorize is a grave mistake. Admittedly, the primary fundamental in science is that all theory should come from facts. However, besides collecting data, there do exit other effective approach to unveil the truth.

Admittedly, data is a powerful evidence to support the theory. It is direct and convincible. Through the data analysis, such as comparing, speculating and counting, the theory may bear less faults and foibles. Consider the Traditional Genetics as an example. Mendel had spent 8 years to collect amounts of data about the characters of pea. Referring to these valuable data, he put forward the theory about genetics. Although the discovery was re-founded by three biologists after 35 years, the data still had powerful life force to support his theory. According to the example, since the data comes from the fact as the first-handed information, the reality and reliability of the theory is undoubted. Thus, the theory, which is established on the basis of these data, is invulnerable when other view points challenge it.

However, to collect data is not the only effective approach to cast theory. Due to other factors, such as time and technology, the data about much phenomenon is difficult to [U]obtain( be obtained)[/U]  . Thus, in order to explore in these realms, other scientific and correct approaches are also applied to some researches. Therefore, without data, to theorize is not a grave mistakes at times.

Turning to the first point, in early 17th century, many scientists has advocated a novel research approach, thinking-basing arguments on the accumulative facts, observation and experiment. Absent first handed data, this approach paved the road to research on matters. Owning to the advocation of the approach, the whole realm of science has developed rapidly until today. Retrospecting into the history, it is laden with amounts of examples. One case in point is the discovery of inertia. In Galileo's time, there were no technologies and material to realize the non-resistant condition for the further research about inertia. Nevertheless, Galileo didn't give up and found [U]another way (some other ways)[/U]  to create an ideal condition to justify the existence of inertia. Depending on this research method, although he lacked the direct data, the theory of inertia, which would become one branch of the Classical Mechanics, was justified reasonably. Thus, data is not essential to theorize. Without data, [U]the theory are not weaken but also precise to realize its value. (这句话没看明白)[/U] 我总觉得这段写多余了，和第二段有点矛盾的意思．而且我看了半天没发现这段到底想表达什么．

Secondly, some bold assumptions are also meaningful to theorize. Limited by the ability or time, we are unable to collect data or do experience to check its truth. However, in the realm of science, [U]there do exist ( 我觉得用 there are 就行了吧, 你这么用我不知道对不对) [/U]  many assumptions which are put forward by researchers. Albeit lacking data or experiment, the assumption seems unfounded and superficial. [U]However, (这个however  多余的) [/U]  researchers are familiar with knowledge about their fields and have much valuable experience. We can believe that their intuitions is so distinguished from the common’s guess that assumptions, which are founded on their intuitions, are not invalid but scientific to some extent. Moreover, assumptions also support the research in other realms.[U] Consider ( Considering ) [/U]  the Moving Continents as an example. Inspired by the map, Wegener supposed that the edge of several continents on the map matched reciprocally. Depending on the longtime research of earth science, he realized what he supposed was reasonable and thus gave the birth of Moving Continent, which explain the change of sea and teeming life forms. This assumption was also applied to explain the evolution issue, which are relative to the original source of human’s ancestor. With the bondage of exited technology and methods, many theory impossibly gain the direct support from the factual data. Nonetheless, proved by the practice, the assumption are effective to explain much phenomenon and its assumptive state may be converted to the fact sooner or latter. 这段写得好

Admittedly, theories without any factual fundaments are fallacies or heresy. They betray the spirit of science—to pursue the truth. As is known to all, it is certain that any researchers who attempt to establish theory on no basis will go down in the history as the symbol of infamy.

To sum up, data, as a useful approach, take an important role in the history of science development. However, there do exist much uncertain matter that lacks effective data to justify. Thus, making theory without data is not a grave mistake insofar as researches obey the science spirit. Moreover, with the wisdom and talent of human, more scientific research approaches will be designed to assist the exploration of the nature certainly.

楼主的例子真多啊，挺厉害的．不过你用了不少红宝书中的词，像Albeit这种，我也不知道这样用到底行不行，因为有人跟我说过这种偏词尽量少用．反正楼主参考．

fengboallanUID: 157405

占座

haiyaUID: 187989

谢谢clausius.

我这篇的提纲参考了孙远的提纲，觉得这样布局比较合适。

关于第二段是这样的

17世纪， 英国皇家科学院（估计是这个名字了，依稀记得）提除了归纳演绎法。比如Galileo，他的惯性实验就无法直接从现实中的到数据证明。（没有办法做到无摩擦）。记得他当时好象有了一圆去推广到直线运动。（记得不是特别清楚了。。。*^^*).
所以第二段和第一段我认为并没有矛盾。
只指间接得到数据以及推广而出的theory.

就比如做一些等差或者等比数列的题目，也可以用到归纳演绎法的。：）

第2段最后一句话是说， 虽然没有数据支持，但是理论并没有弱化反而也可以精确的表达已实现它的价值

Albeit在老外280里经常会出现。所以我觉得这应该不是生僻词。

另外， there do exist可以用，结构上就象，there lives a king in a little village.　把do独立，表强调，比there are更有力。：）

不知道我这么回答是否能解释你的疑问。：）

ally00lingUID: 178366

Haiya,
这篇很厉害，没话说。。。
问个问题：例子怎么解决的？？ :rolleyes:
你写了不少历史的，有时间帮看看我的好吗？
谢啦 :D

clausiusUID: 147331

最初由 haiya 发布
[B]谢谢clausius.

我这篇的提纲参考了孙远的提纲，觉得这样布局比较合适。

关于第二段是这样的

17世纪， 英国皇家科学院（估计是这个名字了，依稀记得）提除了归纳演..

以下省略...... [/B]

受教了.

clausiusUID: 147331

又仔细研究了一下,终于弄明白了. 第三段写的是惯性定律的产生,即牛顿第一定律. 先前看了半天没有看明白. 不过我觉得写得还是和史实有点出入. 这种分析方法的核心有点像数学的不完全归纳法, 即根据在有一定限制条件下有限的数据或事实推出无条件下的结论. 佳丽略当时是把小球以一定速度在平滑地面射出, 在小球上斜坡时,坡度越缓小球上升越高.最后家里略假设在坡度为零(即水平时)小求将永远行进下去.所以,  there were no technologies and material to realize the non-resistant condition for the further research about inertia. Nevertheless, Galileo didn't give up and found another way to create an ideal condition to justify the existence of inertia. 我觉得有点偏离. 楼主请参考.

还有, 我乐滋滋地把用了 " there do exist" 的作文找一个老外去改他居然跟我说"我从没见过这种用法", FT. 楼主能不能给我一个这种用法的出处, 赶明儿我去批他.

pherUID: 192036

The author alleges that without data, to theorize is a grave mistake. Admittedly, the primary fundamental in science is that all theory should 【我觉得用must比较好】come from facts. However, besides collecting data, there do exit【exist】 other effective approach to unveil the truth.

Admittedly, data is a powerful evidence to support the theory. It is direct 【这个direct的感觉有点多余】and convincible. Through the data analysis, such as comparing, speculating and counting, the theory may bear less faults and foibles. Consider the Traditional Genetics as an example. Mendel had spent 8 years to collect amounts of data about the characters of pea. Referring to these valuable data, he put forward the theory about genetics. Although the discovery was re-founded by three biologists after 35 years, the data still had powerful life force to support his theory. According to the example, since the data comes from the fact as the first-handed information, the reality and reliability of the theory is undoubted. Thus, the theory, which is established on the basis of these data, is invulnerable when other view points challenge it.

However, to collect data is not the only effective approach to cast theory. Due to other factors, such as time and technology, the data about much phenomenon is difficult to obtain. Thus, in order to explore in these realms, other scientific and correct approaches are also applied to some researches. Therefore, without data, to theorize is not a grave mistakes at times.【我觉得这句therefore用得有点突然，之前的一席话不足以很快的推出这个论断。】

Turning to the first point, in early 17th century, many scientists has 【had...】advocated a novel research approach, thinking-basing arguments on the accumulative facts, observation and experiment. Absent first handed data, this approach paved the road to research on matters. Owning to the advocation of the approach, the whole realm of science has developed rapidly until 【until有终止的意思，用till吧】today. Retrospecting into the history, it is laden with amounts of examples. One case in point is the discovery of inertia. In Galileo's time, there were no technologies and material to realize the non-resistant condition for the further research about inertia. Nevertheless, Galileo didn't give up and found another way to create an ideal condition to justify the existence of inertia. Depending on this research method, although he lacked the direct data, the theory of inertia, which would become one branch of the Classical Mechanics, was justified reasonably. Thus, data is not essential to theorize. Without data, the theory are not weaken but also【去掉also】 precise to realize its value.

Secondly, some bold assumptions are also meaningful to theorize. Limited by the ability or time, we are unable to collect data or do experience to check its truth. However, in the realm of science, there do exist many assumptions which are put forward by researchers. Albeit lacking data or experiment, the assumption seems unfounded and superficial. However, researchers are familiar with knowledge about their fields and have much valuable experience. We can believe that their intuitions is so distinguished from the common’s guess that assumptions, which are founded on their intuitions, are not invalid but scientific to some extent. Moreover, assumptions also support the research【去掉the，用researches】 in other realms. Consider the Moving Continents 【确定“大陆漂移假说”是这么拼写的？】as an example. Inspired by the map, Wegener 【据我所知，此人是卧病在床常看地图而想到这个假说的:)】supposed that the edge of several continents on the map matched reciprocally. Depending on the longtime research of earth science, he realized what he supposed was reasonable and thus gave the birth of Moving Continent, which explain the change of sea and teeming life forms. This assumption was also applied to explain the evolution issue, which are relative to the original source of human’s ancestor. With the bondage of exited technology and methods, many theory impossibly gain the direct support from the factual data. Nonetheless, proved by the practice, the assumption are effective to explain much phenomenon and its assumptive state may be converted to the fact sooner or latter.

Admittedly, theories without any factual fundaments are fallacies or heresy. They betray the spirit of science—to pursue the truth. As is known to all, it is certain that any researchers who attempt to establish theory on no basis will go down in the history as the symbol of infamy.

To sum up, data, as a useful approach, take an important role in the history of science development. However, there do exist much uncertain matter that lacks effective data to justify. Thus, making theory without data is not a grave mistake insofar as researches obey the science spirit. Moreover, with the wisdom and talent of human, more scientific research approaches will be designed to assist the exploration of the nature certainly.
【说一下我对本文的看法，总的来讲，结构合理，旁征博引，论述有力，应该能得较高的分数。
不过，我吹毛求疵一点讲，其中还有相当大的提高空间：试问作者，你考虑到了assumption和由data得来的theory的关系了吗？我觉得应该在这里做点文章的，assumption的目的其实催促人们尽早拿出data来证明自己，这样，就是一个完完整整真真正正的theory了，assumption之所以是assumption是因为由于某些需要的data暂时拿不到，文中有些地方将data和现象分的过于严格，认为现象游离于data之外了，其实现象的本质就是data，比如惯性，它的精要是惯性只和物体质量有关，这实际上是由data来的，而非简单的现象所能看出来。

所以，我建议文章的格局可否这样（当然，我是赞成作者的观点的）：开头，admittedly...；however...；turning...；然后讲assumption是由于data暂时不够的结果，并非违反格物致知的原则，好的assumption确实能帮助阐明theory，再跟上原文中的那段阐述和例子；最后再提一点，说一个很赞的assumption能推动research的进步和发展，比如哥德巴赫猜想，它也是在不断寻求data来证明，同时它也不断推动着数学研究的进步和发展】

pherUID: 192036

最初由 clausius 发布
[B]又仔细研究了一下,终于弄明白了. 第三段写的是惯性定律的产生,即牛顿第一定律. 先前看了半天没有看明白. 不过我觉得写得还是和史实有点出入. 这种分析方法的核心有点像数学..

以下省略...... [/B]

there do exist应该是比较常用的吧，倒装句而已啊。意思是there (are) ... (that) do exist。书面语中有，口语中也常用，印象中好几部us的片片里我都听到过这句。

haiyaUID: 187989

不好意思，我今天在另一个帖子里又看到有人说没there do exist的用法，ft

不过我查了一下google
there do exit有３４１００次使用。应该是存在的，好象１００００次以上就可以确定是有这种用法了。
你可以随便拿个网站给他看。


关于历史例子，说起来惭愧，我的历史真的是差得一塌糊涂。*^^*
只是有点模糊印象。
所以列提纲时会自己google看一些资料。
因为很多例子了解后重复使用的机会还是比较多的。
我想在这里的大多数人的历史都不会比我差的。

fengboallanUID: 157405

呵呵还偷偷看了你的MSN档案
清纯的MM阿，呵呵，不过作文写的真棒
头发在弄弄吧，现在哪个女孩子不烫烫啊，上海的女孩子最时尚了
呵呵我越来越三八了

也多多帮助我这个落后的同志吧。
我的作文也帮我看看。


The author alleges that without data, to theorize is a grave mistake. Admittedly, the primary fundamental in science is that all theory should come from facts. However, besides collecting data, there do exit other effective approach to unveil the truth.（there do exit 好像应该没有问题。我没有发言权）不说了。

Admittedly, data is a powerful evidence to support the theory. It is direct and convincible. （这分论点很好，切中要害。最主要表达很明确。）Through the data analysis, such as comparing, speculating and counting, the theory may bear less faults and foibles. Consider the Traditional Genetics as an example. Mendel had spent 8 years to collect amounts of data about the characters of pea. Referring to these valuable data, he put forward the theory about genetics. Although the discovery was re-founded by three biologists after 35 years, the data still had powerful life force to support his theory. According to the example, since the data comes from the fact as the first-handed information, the reality and reliability of the theory is undoubted. （这句的总结我觉应该改一改，孟德尔的例子重要的是对正确理论的产生有很大的帮助，而不是证明这个鸟雀的理论 reality and reliability of the theory is undoubted改为：the theory is constructed really and reliably）Thus, the theory, which is established on the basis of these data, is invulnerable when other view points challenge it.实际上最后一句也说明了我刚才说明的意思。糅合一下。

However, to collect data is not the only effective approach to cast theory.（第一句话不太明白，跟我说说什么意思） Due to other factors, such as time and technology, the data about much phenomenon（有复数形式阿，可数的phenomena） is difficult to obtain . Thus, in order to explore （data）in these realms, other scientific and correct approaches are also applied to some researches. （这一句说得不清楚）Therefore, without data, to theorize is not a grave mistakes （a 加复数，永远错误！）at times.

Turning to the first point, in early 17th century, many scientists has advocated a novel research approach, thinking-basing arguments on the accumulative facts, observation and experiment. Absent first handed data, this approach paved the road to research on matters. Owning to the advocation of the approach, the whole realm of science has developed rapidly until today. Retrospecting into the history, it is laden with amounts of examples. One case in point is the discovery of inertia. In Galileo's time, there were no technologies and material to realize the non-resistant condition for the further research about inertia. Nevertheless, Galileo didn't give up and found another way to create an ideal condition to justify the existence of inertia. Depending on this research method（method的指代不明确）, although he lacked the direct data, the theory of inertia, which would become one branch of the Classical Mechanics, was justified reasonably. Thus, data is not essential to theorize. Without data, the theory (theories) are not weaken but also precise to realize its value. 最后一句话这么改改：Although, with out data theories can’t be proved evidently and unimpeachably, they are correct. 其实你想说是这个意思。举例之前一定告诉别人这是什么例子，要不很容易云里雾里。老外看咱们的例子很多她也不知道的。所以，很容易让她云里雾里。这样会指责你的例子不能很好的支持论点，例子不一定新奇和奇特，坚持两个原则：讲得清楚，举得恰当！）

Secondly, some bold assumptions are also meaningful to theorize. Limited by the ability or time, we are unable to collect data or do experience to check its truth. However, in the realm of science, there do exist many assumptions which are put forward by researchers. Albeit lacking data or experiment, the assumption seems unfounded and superficial. However, researchers are familiar with knowledge about their fields and have much valuable experience. We can believe that their intuitions is （are）so distinguished from the common’s guess that assumptions, which are founded on their intuitions, are not invalid（换成unsound） but scientific to some extent. Moreover, assumptions also support the research in other realms. Consider ( Considering ) the Moving Continents as an example. Inspired by the map, Wegener supposed that the edge of several continents on the map matched reciprocally. Depending on the longtime research of earth science, he realized what he supposed was reasonable and thus gave the birth of Moving Continent, which explain the change of sea and teeming life forms. This assumption was also applied to explain the evolution issue, which are relative to the original source of human’s ancestor. With the bondage of exited technology and methods, many theory impossibly gain the direct support from the factual data. Nonetheless, proved by the practice, the assumption are effective to explain much phenomenon and its assumptive state may be converted to the fact sooner or latter.

Admittedly（换个词，这个词用得太多了。而且上下存在关系，用一个词，关系不明确）,（some） theories without any factual fundaments are fallacies or heresy. They betray the spirit of science—to pursue the truth. As is known to all, it is certain that any researchers who attempt to establish theory on no basis will go down in the history as the symbol of infamy.（说完了不对，我们再来个小建议给读者,显得这孩子呵呵不但会分析还会有建议了啊，嘿嘿：Science bears logical bold assumptions, but not simple and naïve imaginations. Every scientist should go down his research road straightly）.

To sum up, data, as a useful approach（这个approach用的准确性有点猜疑）, take an important role in the history of science development. However, there do exist much uncertain matter that lacks effective data to justify. Thus, making theory without data is not a grave mistake insofar as researches obey the science spirit. Moreover, with the wisdom and talent of human, more scientific research approaches will be designed to assist the exploration of the nature certainly.
结尾写得很好，流畅。最后一句写得很棒
几点建议，锦上添花：
1 对于不熟的句型和词汇的应用慎重，albeit这种古语，老美能不能懂也是问题。而且，她的语气你是不知到的。也许会造成我们写现代文突然来个之乎者也。都觉得别扭
2 a 加复数永远错误！托福语法
3 这篇文章写完了一定都用word改过一词了。但pp3可没这么好。准确性。这个问题我也得注意
4 第二个例子讲述不明确。
5 你的文章的水平其实已经超过我修改的最大能力了。呵呵MM，每次看你的文章我都受刺激，为啥就非得奔着6分阿，给俺两分呗：嘿嘿，抽出点时间狂拍拍我吧。援助一下弱者！


感谢

haiyaUID: 187989

。。。我的小档案？？

我还有很多不足，比如经常打得太快，不停backspace去改，已经被pher教育过了。单词老拼错，讲话又绕，老堆例子少分析。

只想认真写认真想， 对得起自己这个寒假的闭关吧。：）

btw，为什么扯到我的头发？？烫了好几次了。。。

fengboallanUID: 157405

呵呵，有时候就是喜欢说点没用的阿msn里面的档案，由你的一张照片呢。有时间帮我看看我的文章吧。谢谢

pherUID: 192036

孟德尔的理论，建议楼上的兄台看看历史，不符合一般的理论产生的过程:)
倘若不是生物出生的同学，haiya也不会轻易用这个例子的：）

haiyaUID: 187989

猪猪~~：）

歌德拔河猜想我记不得到底它在说什么了。是素数吗？？
对的，那个人是发高烧时想出来的。：）