[追星剑补编] Chapter3.1 On Specialization

山坡羊UID: 169978

学习中……先拷到word里

阿莱UID: 190806

由于imong的网络出现了一些问题
阿莱将imong要添加的一些内容转述在此：

granny那里是故意那么写的，非本土人又没额外解释肯定看不懂，
晦涩的话，除了及其专业的词汇例子外，更是故意几乎没写任何的ts，也许的确太率性了

阿莱UID: 190806

Only if “to make understood” is the prerequisite of “to reach” does specialization in academic disciplines makes their audience a clique of science whiz. And the ideas are indeed of little use if they depend on the number of people who get to know. Question: nobody ever cast doubts over the assumptions presented above?
首先。角度很新颖。这个提干中的一个比较令人费解的关键词就是audience，那么对于这个audience究竟需要的时一个什么程度呢？题目没有给出。也就是开头这里提到的：to reach和to make understood的区别和联系。人们往往容易惯性思维的认为此前提的必然性，导致漏掉了一定的可能性。

Just take a look around. Not everybody knows that nanometer is a unit of length, not to mention this technology. To a Chinese granny’s perception, millennium bug should be a kind of worm and nanometer is something like rice. However, one thing is clear: the public knows very precisely that nano-stuff is something better advanced. Overnight and then the world is overwhelmed by ads for nano-clothes, nano-fridges, nano-washing machines, nano-this and nano-that. People do not necessarily understand this technology, but stuffed by such bombardments: they definitely know it.看完这个"body1"，基本明白了imong的意图。没有ts,没有conclusion。因为这两点已然显而易见，作为启发性教材写上倒显赘余。说明的道理：即使不make understood依然能wide audience。这就支持了上面前提的可怀疑性

The specialization in academic disciplines is axiomatic. After having browsed several volumes of the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, I found that while communications on total synthesis are sometimes satisfactorily understandable, those on combinatorial chemistry or organometallics should be simply disregarded. This is the performance of an undergraduate with two years experience in synthesis: I just never figured out what do combinatorial chemists do with the mixture they produce. Clearly, for any academic discipline, the more it specializes, the fewer people understand. But again: do audience have to understand? I know that Lee Tsung-dao won the 1957 Nobel Prize in physics for having proposed parity nonconservation without having to know what parity is. Who can say that I am not one of the audiences? The public does not have to realize that taxol is a kind of alcohol. Everybody knows that it is anti-tumor and therefore so popular --- it’s enough!看着十分痛快。通过化学合成的例子进一步说明了专业化的加深的确导致了能够理解的人数的减少。但是，audience只需要知道，而不需要理解。这与专业化程度深浅与否似乎已经没有什么关系可谈了。

Certainly, thinking of the fierce competition between nations nowadays, reports from intelligence agencies must be the least propagated. Confidential as they are, nevertheless, ideas from experts in international relationships are undoubtedly of much more influence than that of taxol or nanotube. An analysis made known to few high officials is sufficient to start a military competition; it just results from a preliminary use of the ideas. And looking back into the 1980s, few people realized it when Economic Liberalism insinuated into China and got recognized by the leader at that time. Twenty years thereafter, it brought about unprecedented growth, subversion of many silly constraints, upheaval in social as well as economic relations, together with further polarization, consistent inflation, and unemployment rate at a hazardous level. In short: great change.如果面前有一个持有issue topic那样观点的人 看完这一段貌似已经体无完肤了吧。这里给出了极少audience但却意义巨大的情况，将topic观点进行反驳。从我的感觉来说，这一段根前面的衔接比较薄弱，当然，整篇essay看上去都是一个ideas的集合体，朝心脏刺了一剑却没看到血的感觉。果然很率性。其实我认为此body是一个让步段，只是此让步的攻击性依然逼人

We know many things that we don’t understand, and we are usually unaware of the great influence set by the rest.这第一句话已经概括了前面的两个主要意群，然后后面给出了巧妙的例子，同时预言和证明此两个意群的正确性 Just like the research in renewable feedstock for both energy supply and chemical industry: few scientists recognize this notion at this moment, not to mention those who have embarked on. But just wait and see, after 40 years, when petroleum is finally depleted, when this field becomes much more sophisticated and definitely further specialized, the gossip around every corner of the world should be nothing but this Nobel Prize winner, who replaces petroleum to supply households around the globe gas derived from biomass to cook dinner.此文甚是巧妙。值得学习之处颇多。经我上面愚解 同学们应当不觉晦涩了吧？

阿莱UID: 190806

紫杉醇（pacilitaxel，商品名taxol），1967年美国化学家Wall和Wani等首先从太平洋紫 杉（短叶红豆杉，Taxus. brevifolia）树皮中提取出来的具有独特抗癌活性的二萜类化合物。该药于1990年进入Ⅲ期临床试验， 1992年底获美国FDA批准上市，用于治疗对常规化疗无效的卵巢癌和乳腺癌。1995年，我国北京协和药厂与海口制药厂分获二类新药批准文号，成为世界上第二个生产紫杉醇及其注射液的国家。由于它独特的抗癌机理和广谱高效的抗癌活性，紫杉醇是继阿霉素和顺铂后最热点的抗癌药物。

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最初由 阿莱 发布
[B]Only if “to make understood” is the prerequisite of “to reach” does specialization in academic disciplines makes their audience a clique of science whiz. An..

以下省略...... [/B]

Thanks. 果然逃不过法眼 呵呵。其实写这篇文章的时候结尾是最先写好的，前面部分也是一直顺下来的，唯独倒数第二段是最后慢慢磨填上去的，在那个位置的衔接也就显得突兀些了。

其实后来在反想起来，还有能够继续润色的地方。比如一直在嘀咕的第一句话 only if  ... is the prerequisite.， 写的时候这个is就觉得别扭，如果能变成 only if ... is set as，加上set之类的表达动作的动词的话，就显得主动起来了，只是还不确定这样表达是否正确。