Issue87 超高频。修改稿

GrowlywolfUID: 200584

Issue81
"In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."

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Some people assert that the beginner is more likely to make great discoveries than the expert in any realm of inquiry.  In my view, this statement is unilateral.  Both beginner and expert can gain important achievements.

Admittedly, the beginner has some intrinsic advantages to make momentous discoveries.  The newcomer into a particular field, who does not hold the conventional viewpoints, is not limited by the existed doctrines and framework.  Usually, the beginner has the courage to exploit the virgin soil of this domain that has never been entered.  Sometimes the beginner could find a gold mine.  Louis Victor de Broglie, who was an aristocrat and a master of literature, suddenly was interesting in quantum theory at his 27 yeas old, and began to study physics for a Ph. D degree in 1919.  In quantum theory, de Broglie was a thorough beginner and after five years' study he did still know few or little about it.  When he writing his Ph. D thesis, de Broglie guess that any elementary particle, besides photon that Einstein mentioned before, has wave-particle dualism and offered an equation.  This opinion, which was never dared to think about by physicists, burst like a shell over the realm of quantum theory after 2 years.  Finally de Broglie gained 1929's Nobel Prize of physics and his theory of wave-particle dualism became one of foundational theories of quantum physics.  This example is used to point out that though a few beginners can make important discoveries indeed, it needs very insightful thinking and enough luck, to some extent.

However, beginner has his inherent disadvantages, too.  Novices who are just starting to learn or do something have not be well trained by systematical education and could not understand the whole field deeply, which would obstruct them to get significant achievements.  The institute of mathematics in Chinese Academy of Science receives hundreds of letters from amateurs every year, each of them claims that he has proved Goldbach's conjecture.  But the mathematicians find that most of these demonstrations lack the elementary knowledge of the number theory, and none of so-called demonstrations can be verified.  After all, the lucky geniuses like de Broglie are fewness in the world.  Ordinarily, most productions are still made by expert.

In this era of rapid science and technological change leading academic disciplines to become more and more specialized, even if an expert can only research through a narrow direction.  The expert in one field is probably a beginner in another realm, and many experts enter into the unacquainted domains as "beginners", who possess two-sides merits of both expert and beginner.  This kind of "beginners" who usually accepts good training, can make use of their former knowledge to the new domain, and not be restricted by the existent boundaries, so they are able to make significant discoveries frequently.  Thomas R. Cech, whose original major is chemistry, turn to study for a Ph. D degree of life science.  During first faculty, he researched the rRNA processing with his former chemical background, and found that group I intron, a type of RNA, can catalyze its self-splicing reaction.  It broke the inrooted idea that only protein can be catalyst of biochemical reaction and caused Cech to win the 1989’s Nobel Prize of chemistry.  As a beginner in biology, Cech could break through the rooted limit; without the chemical background, he was not able to explain the mechanism of the catalytic RNA and accomplish the achievement finally.

In sum, it is presumptuous to assert that in "any" field of inquiry, the beginner can more likely make important discoveries than the expert. The advantages of beginner are courage and creativity, as well as the expert's mastery.  Whatever beginner and expert want to gain significant achievements must combine these merits together.

victoriahui-831UID: 191036

No.1 Issue87 超高频。修改稿
Issue81
"In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."

-------------------------

Some people assert that the beginner is more likely to make great discoveries than the expert in any realm of inquiry. 是不是太突兀了，加一个转折词吧In my view, this statement is unilateral. Both beginner and expert can gain important achievements.开头简洁，观点明确，不错

Admittedly, the beginner has some intrinsic advantages to make momentous discoveries. The newcomer into a particular field, who does not hold the conventional viewpoints, is not limited by the existedexisting doctrines and framework. Usually, the beginner has the courage to exploit the virgin soil of this domain that has never been entered. Sometimes the beginner could find a gold mine. Louis Victor de Broglie, who was an aristocrat and a同一人，不用定冠词了吧 master of literature, suddenly was和上面的was 重复，换成became应该不难吧 interestingintrested in quantum theory at his 27 yeas old, and began to study physics for a Ph. D degree in 1919. In quantum theory, de Broglie was a thorough beginner and after five years' study he did still know few or little about it. When he writing his Ph. D thesis, de Broglie guess that any elementary particle, besides photon that Einstein mentioned before, has wave-particle dualism and offered an equation. This opinion, which was never dared to think about by physicists,好别扭，是不是没有分清主谓 burst like a shell over the realm of quantum theory after 2 years. Finally de Broglie gained 1929's Nobel Prize of physics and his theory of wave-particle dualism became one of foundational theories of quantum physics. This example is used to point out that though a few beginners can make important discoveries indeed, it needs very insightful thinking and enough luck, to some extent.你的观点提出的有些突兀，最好在叙述中体现思想，或者把刚才的叙述文字反映的思想提炼一下，再转到现在的这个观点

However, beginner has his inherent disadvantages, too. Novices who are just starting to learn or do something have not be well trained by systematical education and could not understand the whole field deeply, which would obstruct them to get significant achievements. The institute of mathematics in Chinese Academy of Science receives hundreds of letters from amateurs every year, each of them claims that he has proved Goldbach's conjecture. But the mathematicians find that most of these demonstrations lack the elementary knowledge of the number theory, and none of so-called demonstrations can be verified. After all, the lucky geniuses like de Broglie are fewness in the world. Ordinarily, most productions are still made by expert.你的观点是不是有点非此即彼， 不是新手就是专家，最好在段首提出

In this era of rapid science and technological change leading academic disciplines to become more and more specialized, even if an expert can only research through a narrow direction. The expert in one field is probably a beginner in another realm, and many experts enter into the unacquainted domains as "beginners", who possess two-sides merits of both expert and beginner. This kind of "beginners" who usually accepts good training, can make use of their former knowledge to the new domain, and not be restricted by the existent boundaries, so they are able to make significant discoveries frequently. Thomas R. Cech, whose original major is chemistry, turn to study for a Ph. D degree of life science. During first faculty, he researched the rRNA processing with his former chemical background, and found that group I intron, a type of RNA, can catalyze its self-splicing reaction. It broke the inrooted idea that only protein can be catalyst of biochemical reaction and caused Cech to win the 1989’s Nobel Prize of chemistry. As a beginner in biology, Cech could break through the rooted limit; without the chemical background, he was not able to explain the mechanism of the catalytic RNA and accomplish the achievement finally.

In sum, it is presumptuous to assert that in "any" field of inquiry, the beginner can more likely make important discoveries than the expert. The advantages of beginner are courage and creativity, as well as the expert's mastery.新手的长处是专家的mastery?和你的第一二段观点矛盾了吧 Whatever beginner and expert want to gain significant achievements must combine these merits toether.好多了，例子很好，变化也不错，加强一下你的思想转接

xiliustreamUID: 205175

87."In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
The speaker asserts that the beginner is more likely to make important discoveries than the expert in all fields of inquiry. Although I concede the expert does have certain advantages than the beginner in experience and prestige, the beginner may be superb in other respects including characters and motives.

One advantage I would like to illustrate to prove the potential of the beginners is about their unique character. Common sense tells us, the increase and development is much easier to gain when at a low level. This just is the case about the beginners. As they have just got in touch with one vocation, they are curious to learn from others, and eager to know all the knowledge and condition about the field, so they are vivid in exploring the new field, absorbing new ideas.  At the same time, as they have no experience including the failure experience, they are more confident about the future, and believe they will achieve great success soon. Such belief urges them to work and learn harder and harder then to success.

Also consider about the great motive about the new which urges them to progress rapidly. Adoring about the experts' great achievements, they are eager to make successes of their own.  As they have not limited by the old rules much, they are more audacious to work harder and explore with more enthusiasm. One example aptly illustrate this point is about Bruno, a beginner in the science field. While most of the authorities did not dare to resist the Vatican, Bruno inquired and observed with great courage. At last he persisted in the truth, and refused to accept that the sun was the center of the universe. Other so--called authorities should be blame for they wanted to keep their prestige and properties, so did not dare to explore such fields which may go against the Roman Vatican.

Admittedly, the experts do have certain predomination over the beginners. Because of their long working experience in the field, they are not only more skillful, but also more familiar with the condition of the field including the communication with other experts, the authorities, the channel of new information, and so on. With such experience, they can often attend meetings to interact with others about the latest technologies and discoveries which may motive them to make more inventions. In addition, they have certain prestige, and are adored by others, so they can often get some funds and conveniences which can help them to discover more.

On balance, both experts and beginners have certain advantages in discovering new things and make great success. It is unjustifiable to verdict which is more prone to achieve success. It just depends on the individuals only. While beginners should learn from experts more skills and experience, the experts should also regain the spirits of the beginners to have more confidence, to explore more, and to renovate. Then they can make progresses, and make discoveries together.

AlierUID: 159518

to  Growlywolf
我觉得你这篇写得好好啊，语言不错（除了有一些小的语法错误应该再稍微留心点），词汇也很丰富。还有，你的例子很专业，很能证明问题呢。－－是你信手拈来的么？我觉得我是达不到这个水平了，学习ing.....
还有，觉得你的b3观点很新颖，论证也很有力，恩，值得借鉴啊！
我也写了这篇，晚上稍微修改下贴上来，望赐教！