issue 87老手和新手，argue 45最近写的不是太顺的说．

枫丹UID: 166492

Issue87: In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.

We are all now aware the fact that in some fields, a great number of famous discoveries are attributed to some beginners in this field, so it is believed that the beginner is more likely to make important discoveries in compared with achiever in that field. However, in my point of view, either the beginner or the expert can make famous discoveries.

To begin with, as the beginner in a field, they may own more enthusiasm to make marvel finds in their researches. Without the limitation of some traditional theory and dogma, they are free to image and test their imagination, and then they can have more chances to discovery. What is more, this enthusiasm furnishes them with courage to challenge and overcome these authorities and established but depleted doctrine. It is significantly true in the field of science, where a great amount of discoveries are made by novice. For example, when Einstein promoted his theory of relativity he was only at 25 years old; the famous biochemist-Pasteur founded the basis of stereochemistry at the age of 26; Faraday is also become famous because of his theory about electricity when he was just a beginner in the field of physics. Although their endeavors and tenacity or other factors can not be ignored, in the course of their success, the enthusiasm plays a critical role in achieving success.  

However, it is arbitrary to judge that only beginner owns this spirit of enthusiasm. The achiever can also possess this fervent spirit in their researches. When people retrospect the contribution of these experts such as Pasteur, Faraday, they may find that even when these masters had gain a great amount of reputation and prestigious decoration, they were still making contribution in their field. For example as a prominent scientist, Pasteur continued made a serious of breakthrough in the field of biochemistry such as rabies vaccine. From this sense, the motivation and enthusiasm is not owned only by beginner, but also by these famous giants. As long as they do not just enjoy these prestigious decorations of their success and adhere to their original desire, they will not loss their fervent in their research.

Admittedly, with the reputations given by public, these experts may are not dare to promote or publicize  their new discoveries, because they fear that once this new find is turned out to be a false one or without considerable value, their image will be damaged. In contrast, these beginners need not to worry about this situation, because public will care more about their failure and their mistakes. So they may gain increased opportunities to voice new ideas, just like Einstein proposed his theory of relativity when he was just a novice. However, these experts just be limited by the shackles of reputation , so if they could have courage to get ride of this chain, they may possess greater creativities .In sum , these experts need more courage than those tyros if they want to gain further success in their research.

In sum, in the course of discoveries, these beginners do not have more predominance, therefore either the beginner or expert will gain marvel discoveries only if these master have enough courage and enthusiasms.   



Argument45: 445 words
The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal.
'Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.'

In the argument, the arguer presents the conclusion that the declination of deer population is caused by the change of migration pattern which is the result of global warming trends. However, the notion is markedly undermined by scant evidences and dubious assumption. Hence it is unconvincing.

To begin with, the arguer fails to consider other explanations for the declination of deer population. Although the alternation of age-old migration patter is a possible excuse for this phenomenon, alternative possibility should not be ruled out. For example, perhaps, the large need of this kind of deer in marked drive hunter to capture more of them which directly leads to this declination. It is also perhaps that the change of climate enhance the proliferation of other animals which eat the food as same as these deer, so the less of food result in decrease of this kind of deer. What it more, it is even may be the case that these deer are plagued by infectious disease or other illnesses and the rate of death becomes higher. Without ruling out all of these possibilities the conclusion that it is the change of migration pattern cause declination of deer population is groundless.

Second problem involves that the arguer unfairly assumes that the temperature is typify of the world round trends of global warming. Yet this argument does not provide sufficient evidence to show that this are is influenced by global warning and the ice is melting. It is perhaps that special geographic situation or other climate conditions such as the flux of air in this place make this areas escape from the effect of global warming and the temperature is not increased but declined. Moreover, perhaps, even if temperature is influenced by global warming, the role played by it maybe not obvious enough to make ice melt. If it is the case, the arguer can not get to the conclusion that global warming will change migration pattern and decrease the deer population at last.

Last, one should consider that whether the deer population is really declined, however just according to the reports of hungers, can not provide sufficient evidence for this assumption. Common sense tells us, moving scope of these hungers is limited by weather and terrain situation. So it is may be that the deer living in the areas is hard to be found because of the change of moving routs and living areas, and hungers have no idea about this alternation. If they are the cases, it is hasty to get the conclusion that the population of deer is decreasing.

In sum, the argument is not convinced as it stands. To improve, the arguer should provide more information about the real change of the temperature of this area. In addition the practical number of deer should be surveyed and other factors may influencing deer’s population should also be considered.

深谷幽兰UID: 196550

ZHAN

puerilityUID: 202078

不错 ,我也写了45,但和你比差远了啊,水平的问题,呵呵,加油吧 :)

猫猫624UID: 171232

Admittedly, with the reputations given by public, these experts may are not dare to promote or publicize their new discoveries,   意思怎么感觉反了.而且 may are ????
最后一段总结的不太好.
另外可加一些专家经验丰富的内容.

深谷幽兰UID: 196550

Issue87: In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.

We are all now Nowadays, all of us are   aware of the fact that in some fields, a great number of famous discoveries are attributed to some beginners in this field 重复, so it is believed that the beginner is more likely to make important discoveries in compared with achiever in that field. However, in my point of view, either the beginner or the expert can make famous discoveries.

To begin with, as the beginner-s in a field, they may own more enthusiasm to make marvel finds in their researches. Without the limitation of some traditional theory and dogma, they are free to image and test their imagination, and then they can have more chances to discovery. 这句与enthusiasm没什么关系吧! 可以另作一段论述。What is more, this enthusiasm furnishes them with courage to challenge and overcome these authorities and established but depleted doctrine. It is significantly true in the field of science, where a great amount of discoveries are made by novice. For example, when Einstein promoted his theory of relativity he was only at 25 years old; the famous biochemist-Pasteur founded the basis of stereochemistry at the age of 26; Faraday is 去掉is also become famous because of his theory about electricity when he was just a beginner in the field of physics. Although their endeavors and tenacity or other factors can not be ignored, in the course of their success, the enthusiasm plays a critical role in achieving success. 例证不错!

However, it is arbitrary to judge that only beginner owns this spirit of enthusiasm. The achiever can also possess this fervent spirit in their researches. When people retrospect the contribution of these experts such as Pasteur, Faraday, they may find that even when these masters had gain a great amount of reputation and prestigious decoration, they were still making contribution in their field. For example as a prominent scientist, Pasteur continued made a serious of breakthrough in the field of biochemistry such as rabies vaccine. From this sense, the motivation and enthusiasm is not owned only by beginner, but also by these famous giants. As long as they do not just enjoy these prestigious decorations of their success and adhere to their original desire, they will not loss lose their fervent in their research.

Admittedly, with the reputations given by public, these experts may are not dare to promote or publicize their new discoveries, because they fear that once this new find is turned out to be a false one or without considerable value, their image will be damaged. In contrast, these beginners need not to worry about this situation, because public will care more about their failure and their mistakes. So they may gain increased opportunities to voice new ideas, just like Einstein proposed his theory of relativity when he was just a novice. However, these experts just be limited by the shackles of reputation , so if they could have courage to get ride of this chain, they may possess greater creativities .In sum , these experts need more courage than those tyros if they want to gain further success in their research.

In sum, in the course of discoveries, these beginners do not have more predominance, therefore either the beginner or expert will gain marvel discoveries only if these master have enough courage and enthusiasms.
语句和用词还8错！但观点、论证不够全面。应该还可以从新手老手的知识、经验不同等方面进行比较。只说enthusiasm和怕lose face总觉得有占狭隘。
继续努力，加油啊！ :D

枫丹UID: 166492

最初由 猫猫624 发布
[B]Admittedly, with the reputations given by public, these experts may are not dare to promote or publicize their new discoveries,   意思怎么感觉反了.而且 may are ..

以下省略...... [/B]

谢谢猫猫, 是想说专家受名誉所累,不敢轻易发表言论,是我没论述清楚,
may be 才对.
我似乎改写
1, 新手有动力
2, 专家有经验
3,专家可能会受名誉所累,但是只有敢于突破就可以了.

枫丹UID: 166492

最初由 深谷幽兰 发布
[B]Issue87: In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.

We are all now Nowadays, all of u..

以下省略...... [/B]

第一次听人说我的用词不错,呵呵
上次被人说naive , 时间一紧词都想不起来了．　
我如果第二段说，专家也有激情，　而且还有经验是不是会好些呢．