argument188 请大家指教~~~

BerlinbearUID: 207694

ARGUMENT
188A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

1.        第一，这项研究样本数量太少——仅28位男性和20位女性，很可能样本代表性不足。
2.        其次，结论说女性无论何时需要止痛药时都应服用Kappa.,忽略了某些重要因素。
3.        最后，论证者指出研究人员应重新评估所有药物在男性身上相对于在女性身上所产生的疗效毫无根据。

In this argument, the arguer cites a new report suggesting that men and women experience pain very differently from one another and that doctors need to consider these differences when prescribing pain medicine. The arguer cites as evidence the results of the study, which indicated that when giving a painkiller named Kappa opioids to 28men and 20 women who were having wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported suffering much less pain than the men with the easing pf the pain also lasting longer in women. The arguer then concludes that this same painkiller should always be prescribed for women when painkiller are required, and that men should be given some other kinds of pain medications. The arguer finally concludes that researchers should study the effects of all medications on men versus women. This argument is not convincing because it contains several critical flaws.

In the first place, this was a very small study --- just 29 men and 20 women so it is possible that the sample of people studied is not representative of the entire population. It may also be that the men’s wisdom teeth extractions were much more difficult cases that that of the women, so naturally the pain was worse, either because the small sample size contained a disproportionate number of difficult men’s cases because men’s wisdom teeth are physically more problematic to remove. In either case, a small study like this is nit enough on which to base such a broad conclusion.

Furthermore, the arguer concludes that women should be given kappa opioids whenever pain medication is required, This fallacy ignores critical factors such as the possibility of side effects of the medications in some women, such as women who are pregnant. Simply because one small study appeared to show that the medication worked better for women than men does not mean that it should always be used for pain relief for women. This part of the argument also fails to take into consideration that there are other, even better pain medications that could also be used rather than kappa opioids.

Finally, the arguer that researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. This simply does not follow as there is no evidence presented to warrant such research, This was a small and probably misleading report on only one type painkiller. It would be foolish to launch such a broad and expansive research study on all medications and their effects on the different sexes. Instead, medications should be prescribes and adjusted on a case-by-case basis depending on the patient’s needs, not by gender.

In summary, the arguer bases his or her argument on the groundless conclusions that don’t really prove anything. Without a broader study that takes into account body size, other types of pain medications and the severity of the medical procedure, this argument will remain unconvincing

sallyxinduUID: 2131253

ARGUMENT
188A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

1.        第一，这项研究样本数量太少——仅28位男性和20位女性，很可能样本代表性不足。
2.        其次，结论说女性无论何时需要止痛药时都应服用Kappa.,忽略了某些重要因素。
3.        最后，论证者指出研究人员应重新评估所有药物在男性身上相对于在女性身上所产生的疗效毫无根据。

In this argument, the arguer cites a new report suggesting that men and women experience pain very differently from one another and that doctors need to consider these differences when prescribing pain medicine.看了下ETS的评分标准，给个建议，引用题目的时候也尽量不要照搬题目，还是用自己的话改一下比较好 The arguer cites as evidence the results of the study, which indicated that when giving a painkiller named Kappa opioids to 28men and 20 women who were having wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported suffering much less pain than the men with the easing pf the pain also lasting longer in women. The arguer then concludes that this same painkiller should always be prescribed for women when painkiller换个词语，medicine也好，这部分用了好几个这个词语了are required, and that men should be given some other kinds of pain medications. The arguer finally concludes that researchers should study the effects of all medications on men versus women. This argument is not convincing because it contains several critical flaws.
觉得第一段可以相应缩短，因为它并没有什么实质性的意义，只是肯定作者的reasoning是不对的，其实，对于阿狗，ETS看中你下面的驳斥。所以，考场上多花时间在下面部分。

In the first place, this was a very small 加个 scope 吧，小范围的研究study --- just 29 men and 20 women so it is possible that the sample of people studied is not representative of the entire population. It may also be that the men’s wisdom teeth extractions were much more difficult cases that that of the women, so naturally the pain was worse, 这里断句吧，下面总结有这两种原因最好重启一句。either because the small sample size contained用 contributed好点吧 a disproportionate number of difficult men’s cases because or men’s wisdom teeth are physically more problematic to remove. In either case, a small study like this is nit enough on which to base such a broad conclusion 觉得这个从句不太对啊，on which后面也应该是个句子啊，你这样就没有动词了。个人觉得on which such a broad conclusiion is based 好点

Furthermore, the arguer concludes that women should be given kappa opioids whenever pain medication is required, This fallacy ignores critical factors such as the possibility of side effects of the medications in some women, such as women who are pregnant. Simply because one small study appeared to show that the medication worked better for women than men does not mean that it should always be used for pain relief for women. This part of the argument also fails to take into consideration that there are other, even better pain medications that could also be used rather than kappa opioids.

Finally, the arguer 差动词 that researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. This simply does not follow as there is no evidence presented to warrant such research, This was a small and probably misleading report on only one type painkiller. It would be foolish to launch such a broad and expansive research study on all medications and their effects on the different sexes. Instead, medications should be prescribes and adjusted on a case-by-case basis depending on the patient’s needs, not by gender.

In summary, the arguer bases his or her argument on the groundless conclusions that don’t really prove anything. Without a broader study that takes into account body size, other types of pain medications and the severity of the medical procedure, this argument will remain unconvincing

驳斥得不错，很清楚有效

superficialUID: 2151788

我看的第一眼有个感觉，就是文章有点头重脚轻，berlinbear你看是不是

bushiUID: 2138448

ARGUMENT
188A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

1.        第一，这项研究样本数量太少——仅28位男性和20位女性，很可能样本代表性不足。
2.        其次，结论说女性无论何时需要止痛药时都应服用Kappa.,忽略了某些重要因素。
3.        最后，论证者指出研究人员应重新评估所有药物在男性身上相对于在女性身上所产生的疗效毫无根据。

In this argument, the arguer cites a new report suggesting that men and women experience pain very differently from one another and that doctors need to consider these differences when prescribing pain medicine. The arguer cites as evidence the results of the study, which indicated that when giving a painkiller named Kappa opioids to 28men and 20 women who were having wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported suffering much less pain than the men with the easing pf the pain also lasting longer in women. The arguer then concludes that this same painkiller should always be prescribed for women when painkiller are required, and that men should be given some other kinds of pain medications. The arguer finally concludes that researchers should study the effects of all othermedications on men versus women. This argument is not convincing because it contains several critical flaws.

In the first place, this was a very small study --- just 29 men and 20 women so it is possible that the sample of people studied is not representative of the entire population. It may also be that the men’s wisdom teeth extractions were much more difficult casesthan that of the women, so naturally the pain was worse, either because the small sample size contained a disproportionate number of men’s casesin worse condition because men’s wisdom teeth are physically more problematic to remove. In either case, a small study like this is not enough on which to base such a broad conclusion.

Furthermore, the arguer concludes that women should be given kappa opioids whenever pain medication is required, This fallacy ignores critical factors such as the possibility of side effects of the medications in some women, such as women who are pregnant. Simply because one small study appeared to show that the medication worked better for women than men does not mean that it should always be used for pain relief for women. This part of the argument also fails to take into consideration that there are other, even better pain medications that could also be used rather than kappa opioids.

Finally, the arguer that researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. This simply does not follow as there is no evidence presented to warrant such research, This was a small and probably misleading report on only one type painkiller. It would be foolish to launch such a broad and expansive research study on all medications and their effects on the different sexes. Instead, medications should be prescribes and adjusted on a case-by-case basis depending on the patient’s needs, not by gender.

In summary, the arguer bases his or her argument on the groundless conclusions that don’t really prove anything. Without a broader study that takes into account body size, other types of pain medications and the severity of the medical procedure, this argument will remain unconvincing
本文对样本量少进行了批驳，其它方面如对于作者的论据的攻击给人印象不深，批驳的力度仍不够，从方法上和论据方面组织批驳，最有攻击力!
如本文还可从以下破绽入手
1.凭主观的感觉来评价疼痛的有效性不可靠，男女对疼痛的阈值不同，不具有可比性，
2.即使KO止牙痛的效果不错，不能说明在身体其它部位的止痛方面，女性优于男性，
3.即使止痛药在男女群体之间效果有差异，不能说明其他药物的效果男女一定有差异，应具体问题具体分析

BerlinbearUID: 207694

谢谢大家的修改和意见啊~~
写的有点急，语法和拼写都有错误，实在不好意思！~~~
开头的问题我以后注意，谢谢Sally和superficial的意见！~~~

多谢bushi帮我改文章，提的意见也是我自己觉得不足的地方，以后改进！~~

辛苦大家了！~~再次表示感谢！~~~