（推荐新手看这个帖）我的AW笔记本（内有老外280的分析，资料基本上看这个就够了）

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

常用句型



段首句



1. ______________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s society. We can see it almost everywhere. As the graph depicts, ______________ .

2. From the cartoon, we can see that. It’s a forceful satire on the kind of ______________ .

3. From the first graph, we learn that ______________. According to the statistics shown in the second graph, we can see that ______________.

4. This table shown us that ______________. The figures indicate that there is an inspiring tendency of ______________.

5. What you first think of when seeing this cartoon might be that ______________. As a matter of fact, this cartoon reveals a typical social phenomenon.

6. According to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that ______________.

7. There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________.

8. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ______________. Many people like ______________, while others are inclined to ______________.

9. Nowadays, it is common to ______________. Many people like ______________ because ______________. Besides, ______________.

10. ______________, just like many other things, are preferred by ______________. While being attacked by the idea that ______________, some people consider ______________. They point that ______________.

11. Everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

12. For years ______________ had been viewed as ______________. But people are taking a fresh look at it now.

13. It has stipulated by the government that ______________. To this stipulation, many people respond actively because ______________.

14. ______________ is a common occurrence in our daily life. Whatever we do, ______________ can’t be avoided.

15. ______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.

16. Recently, ______________ has become the focus of the society, and in this way.. People swarm to ______________.

17. ______________ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.

18. Man is now facing a big problem-______________, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ______________ second, ______________.

19. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of ______________.

20. It is only during the last years that man has become generally aware that ______________.

21. There is an old saying, ______________. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases ever today.

22. The English proverb says, ______________. This is quite true because ______________.

23. ______________ is now______________, and at the same time ______________. These two factors have caused ______________. Then what shall we do to solve ______________ in the face of such a situation.

24. One of our ancient philosophers said, ______________. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.

25. One of the great early writers said that ______________. If this is true, the present situation should make us ponder over ______________.

26. “Why do ______________?” Many people often ask questions like this.

27. In recent years, there is a general tendency to ______________. According to a study, there is ______________. compared with ______________ last year. Why ______________?

28. According to a survey, there is a growing number of ______________. What brings this result? The main reason rests with.

29. Some people prefer to ______________. In their opinion, ______________. In addition, ______________. Nevertheless, nowadays, ______________ has become more and more common.

30. Today, there ______________, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ______________ second, ______________. What makes things worse is that ______________.

31. Nowadays, ______________ has become a problem we have to face. Though it’s easier said than done, with the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it.

32. Many people are inclined to ______________. In their opinion, ______________. They believe that ______________.

33. From the graph/chart, we know the statistics of ______________ and ______________. It can be seen easily that ______________.

34. According to the two graphs presented, it can be observed that ______________. In the left graph, ______________. At the same time, ______________ as the right graph shows.

35. The graph shows the general trend in ______________.

36. According to the figures/numbers/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that ______________. Obviously, ______________, but why?

37. The figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that ______________. There is a steady/rapid development/trend of ______________.

38. These days we are often told that ______________. But is it true?

39. These days we often hear about ______________. But is this really the case?

40. One of the great writers once said that ______________. Now it still has a realistic significance.

41. In our history, the idea that ______________ never has been so popular. On one hand, ______________, on the other hand, ______________.

42. There are different opinions among people as to ______________. Some people suggest that ______________.

43. Some people hold the opinion that ______________ is superior to ______________ in many ways: Others, however, disagree with it.

44. Nowadays although more and more people ______________, still there are some who think ______________, they may think ______________.

________________________________________



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中间段



1. The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that ______________. Consequently, ______________.

2. No matter you like it or not, AAA has become more and more popular and there are many reason for it.

3. It’s an urgent task for us to change this unfavorable situation: ______________.

4. The picture can reminds you of some strange, yet familiar phenomena existing in our society.

5. A great number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that ______________. Others argue that ______________.

6. Confronted with AAA, we should take a serious of effective measures to cope with the situation.

7. However, ______________ may cause some problems. First, it is ______________. Second, ______________. Finally, ______________. So, it is clear that ______________ has its advantages and disadvantages.

8. Although ______________ has a great advantage of ______________, it can’t compete with ______________ in ______________.

9. ______________ may be preferable to ______________, but ______________ suffers from the disadvantages that ______________.

10. The advantages of ______________ are much greater that those of ______________. For instance, ______________.

11. ______________ may be preferable to ______________, but it also suffers from the disadvantages that ______________.

12. But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ______________. For instance, ______________. Worst of all, ______________.

13. There are many ways to ______________. First, ______________. Second, ______________. Third, ______________.

14. On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ______________. They believe ______________. Moreover, they think ______________.

15. There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can ______________, there are a number of advantages of ______________. Another solution is to ______________.

16. It is high time that something was done about it. For example, ______________. In addition, ______________. All these measures will certainly ______________.

17. There are some other people, who ______________. Their reasons are different, something for ______________, sometimes for ______________, and sometimes simply for ______________.

18. ______________ is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First, ______________. What’s more, ______________. Most important of all, ______________.

19. However, if not managed properly, ______________ can create many problems. Sometimes ______________. Furthermore, ______________. Therefore, ______________ has been gaining public concern.

20. There are probably many reasons for ______________. First, ______________. Second, ______________. Finally, ______________.

21. Well, why is there ______________? I think there might be two reasons. One is ______________, and the other is ______________.

22. There are, I think, two main reasons for ______________. In the first place, ______________. In the second place, ______________. Therefore, ______________.

23. Why ______________? For one thing, ______________. For another, ______________. Perhaps the main reason is ______________.

24. It is no easy job to find the reasons for this tendency which involves several complicated factors. For some ______________. For others ______________.

25. Why ______________? The first reason is that ______________. The second reason is ______________. The third is ______________. For all this, the main cause of ______________ is due to ______________.

26. It is reasonable to maintain that ______________, but it would be foolish to persist that ______________. There are three reasons ______________.

27. The explanation for this problem involves many factors. For one thins, ______________. For another, ______________. Still ______________.

28. The causes for ______________ are varied. They include ______________. Perhaps the main cause is ______________.

29. The eventual result it brings out is ______________. And perhaps the most obvious result of ______________ is ______________.

30. However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______________ also has its own disadvantages, such as, ______________. besides, ______________.

31. ______________ will bring the society many benefits. For one thing, ______________. For another thing, ______________.

32. Why ______________? Some ______________. And the most common case is that ______________. The notable example is to ______________.

33. There are many reasons responsible for this instance, and the following are the typical ones. For one thing, ______________, in addition, ______________. The main reason is that ______________.

34. People had figured out many ways to solve this problem. Firstly ______________. Though this method has its good sides like it can ______________. One of its bad sides it brings about is that it can ______________.

35. Some reasons can explain the trend. First, ______________. Second, ______________. Third, ______________.

36. One of the reasons that is given for ______________ is that ______________.

37. A further reason why I advocate an attitude of ______________ is that ______________.

38. What is more, the essence of ______________ is that ______________, although we cannot, most of us ______________.

39. Nonetheless, I reckon that ______________ is more advantageous.

40. From a personal perspective, I also prefer to ______________ because ______________.

41. To make a moral point, I feel that ______________ is important for ______________ is that ______________.

42. The main reason why I feel that ______________ is important for ______________ is that ______________.

43. ______________ is superior in several ways, of which perhaps the most fundamental is that ______________.

44. There are numerous reasons why ______________, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.

45. One very strong argument for ______________ is that______________.

46. Moving on to wider themes, many people would argue that ______________ is important for ______________ because ______________.

47. Of course, I am aware that both ways have potential pitfalls.

48. The advantages of ______________ carry more weight that those of ______________.

49. I can think of better illustration of this idea than the example of ______________.

50. Perhaps the most important example of ______________ is ______________.

51. I fully agree with the statement that ______________. The reasons are chiefly as follows.

52. I fully agree with the statement that ______________ because ______________.

53. As far as I am concerned, my favor goes to ______________. The followings are the reasons of my choices. Firstly ______________, secondly, ______________.

54. Of these two ways of ______________, I inclined to this point of view which ______________. First of all, ______________, secondly, ______________.

55. But there are still many people who don’t agree. They argue that ______________.

56. However, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. The idea is easily supported by foots that ______________.

57. For all the disadvantages, ______________ has its compensating advantages. Firstly ______________, secondly, ______________.

________________________________________





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结尾句



1. The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. In that case, ______________.

2. Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA. For one thing, ______________. for another, ______________.

3. My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above.

4. On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________.

5. As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________.

6. Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________.

7. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. Only in this way can ______________ in the future.

8. In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________.

9. But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages. For example, ______________, while ______________. Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________.

10. In my opinion, ______________ is just as common as ______________. If ______________, it may be very useful. Whatever ______________, the key point lies in ______________.

11. Are their opinions correct? To my mind, the first idea seems ______________. As for the second idea, ______________.

12. As a popular saying goes, ______________. In my opinion what really counts is not ______________, but ______________. I believer that as long as ______________, we will ______________. So I am for the opinion that ______________.

13. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we ______________, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision.

14. Personally, I believer that ______________. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________.

15. In my opinion, all of the people should be brave enough to show our disapproval and criticism when confronted with ______________.

16. People are coming to realize the importance of ______________. They have begun to try their best to ______________. We believe that ______________.

17. All in all, we cannot live without ______________ . But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise.

18. Whatever you do, please remember the saying- ______________. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll definitely benefit a lot from it.

19. With the development of society, ______________. So it’s urgent and necessary to ______________. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

20. It is difficult to say whether ______________ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of ______________. However, from a personal point of view I find ______________.

21. It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.

22. It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of ______________.

23. But both ______________ and ______________ have disadvantages. For example, ______________. Which to choose, ______________ or ______________? Careful consideration is necessary before you make your own choice.

24. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ______________.

25. We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of ______________ is grievous, if allowed to proceed, will certainly lead to ______________.

26. No doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that ______________ will be put in danger.

27. We need to take a second look at the matter from a wider standpoint, otherwise, we won’t ______________.

28. It is high time that ______________. Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately.

29. In conclusion, we should know about the problem of ______________, and object to ______________. Only in this way ______________.

30. Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make the situation better. The most import is ______________. Another way is ______________. Still another one is ______________.

31. Many solutions are offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be studied in depth.

32. No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ______________. But the common recognition of the importance of ______________ might be the first step on the right way.

33. It is clear, therefore, that the task of ______________ demands great attention.

34. We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal. But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater.

35. But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way. Because I believe ______________.

36. We all know the story of ______________. this lesson tells us that ______________, we should ______________.

37. My own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society. There is no doubt that ______________. As an old saying goes, ______________.

38. If we can’t take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________.

39. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe ______________.

40. From the graph it is evident that ______________.

41. From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________. And I believe that ______________.

42. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________.

43. For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that ______________.

44. Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that ______________.

45. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.

46. Recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________.

47. In short, I support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________.

48. After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that ______________ is something I truly want to do and it is worthwhile.

49. My point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________.

50. Now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.

51. From what has been discussed above, you can get your preference. Personally, I think ______________ has more advantages.

52. On the one hand, it has helped china ______________. On the other hand, it has increased china’s ______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development.

53. In my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways. One way to tackle this question is ______________. Another way that is worth adopting is ______________.

54. As far as I am concerned, I trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages.

55. For me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing I have to take into feasible consideration.

56. As regards me, I tend to pick ______________, for ______________. What’s more, ______________.

57. If I were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, I would certainly prefer ______________. For me, ______________.

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

作者：flamington
来源：满分网


荷马(Homer 前9-8前世纪)
参考事迹: 荷马史诗的写作，不是由一个人一朝一夕所完成，而是在漫长的岁月里，由最初口头流传的民间歌谣，经过累世行吟诗人的加工，才逐步形成的一种环绕中心事件的叙事诗。在长期的流传中，经过不断增删，修饰，到公元前九到前八世纪左右，才由盲人诗人荷马整理定型。
利用点：GRE类似命题: 75"The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others."

*亚里士多德 (Aristotle 384.BC-322BC)
参考事迹: 学术集大成者，通才和专家集一身的著名学者，柏拉图的学生，亚历山大大帝的教师，他的著述论及逻辑学，形而上学，伦理学，自然科学（物理学，动物学，植物学，生理学，医学），***学和诗学，对西方思想产生了深远影响，在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法，被称为“百科全书式的学者”，大牛
利用点：可以利用到很多方面，通才与专家，博学与专攻，科学思维对人文思维并不冲突，不一而足。

*阿基米德（Archimedes 287.BC-212BC）
参考事迹：从小受家庭影响，喜欢数学，十一岁到埃及亚历山大城入学，which是一个文化中心，科学家云集，文学，数学，天文学，医学都很发达，这段时间阿基米德向很多数学家学习，奠定了以后的基础。是第一个提出计算圆周率的人。还求出了一系列几何公式，他的巨大贡献还不在于提出这些公式，而是在于他找到了推算这些公式的科学方法：穷竭法

轶事：洗澡的时候发现了阿基米德定律，解决了国王交给他测定王冠纯度的任务；在叙拉古城遭到罗马舰队进攻时候，运用科学知识帮助守城，制造了类似起重机的工具，把一艘艘军舰吊到半空然后摔在山岩上。当最终城破的时候，阿基米德正在地上做几何题，看到罗马士兵的时候丝毫不惊慌,说：“慢点动手，让偶把这道题做完”，可惜罗马士兵没有耐性，一剑搞定了阿基米德。

利用点：洗澡发明阿基米德定律可以用用，从小受家庭熏陶可以用用，还有不少大家自己分析。

马可波罗 (Marco Polo 1254-1324)
参考事迹：著名探险家，商人世家，一次机会碰到经商的波斯人要到中国去，随行之，一呆就是9年，拜见过元太祖忽必烈，扬州当过三年官，当回到故乡威尼斯的时候，由于从中国带回来的金银珠宝而成了富豪，后来由于参加威尼斯和热那亚的战争被下狱，在狱中口述，旁人整理了<马可波罗游记>
利用点：好像不太好找，不过鉴于老马对介绍中国的贡献，姑且让他exists一下。


但丁 (Dante 1265-1321) 参考事迹：童年父母双亡，后拜当时的著名学者拉丁尼为师，之后勤奋自学，从而获得了渊博的知识，音乐绘画都很有造诣。青年时候参加反封建贵族的斗争，1300年斗争胜利后曾任行政官，1302年教会反动势力反扑，没收其财产，将其流放，在以后近二十年的流放生涯中，但丁写出了牛作《神曲》，被认为是资产阶级人文思想的萌芽。也是马克思和恩科斯都巨推崇此人，经常在自己的文章中引用神曲中的诗句。

利用点：艰苦环境下的自强.?

贞德（Joan of Arc 1412-1431）
参考事迹：英法大战中投入保卫祖国的队伍，民间描述：“改成男装，身披盔甲，手执长矛，胯下一匹高头大马 ，威风凛凛”(偶像阿...555....).. ，1429年5月8日，贞德统帅法军，终于打败了英国侵略者，被称为“奥尔良姑娘”，成为法国人民爱国斗争的旗帜。可惜以后的战斗中由于统治者的重重顾虑，没有给与贞德有利的支援，导致贞德在巴黎孤军深入，1430年战斗失利，贞德被迫退到巴黎不远的贡比涅城，被助纣为虐的勃什么第集团所出卖，以四万法郎卖给了英国侵略者。1431年5月30日，被英国以“女巫”，“妖术惑众”火刑处死。贞德的壮烈牺牲激怒了法国人民，二十二年后，他们终于把侵略者赶出了国土。

利用点：if能用上and碰到一个女改卷人，嘿嘿....

哥伦布 （Columbus）
参考事迹：也是大牛，可惜一辈子都不知道自己发现的是美洲，到死还以为到达了东方的印度。（悲哉！），从小爱看《马可波罗游记》，受其影响对东方很感兴趣，坚信“地圆说”，相信只要从大西洋一直往西，肯定能到东方。1492年4月受到了西班牙女王的赞助出航，往西航行，10月12日到达一片陆地，狂喜，登陆后以为就是印度，把当地居民叫作“印第安人”，其实这个“印度”是今天巴哈马群岛中的华特林岛，不过这个错误的印第安人的称呼延续到现在。

利用点：专家犯错误？兴趣对成功的影响？等等

*达芬奇（Vinci 1452-1519）
参考事迹：文艺复兴三杰，热爱大自然，画的飞鸟，昆虫，植物都栩栩如生，探讨了透视，光线等绘画理论，用解剖尸体的方法研究人体的比例和结构，他的作品，有一种和谐，逼真，精细的独特风格。著名的作品，有《最后的晚餐》，《蒙拉丽莎》，其中蒙拉丽莎巩固了以人为中心的艺术思想，是文艺复兴时期最好的肖像画之一。达芬奇不仅把绘画发展到一个新阶段，而且提出了系统的绘画理论，而且对数学，地质，物理，生物，生理等学科有精深的造诣。

利用点：很多，蒙拉丽莎可以用来举证74"The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language."，
透视，光线等绘画理论，用解剖尸体的方法研究人体的比例和结构是80"All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science."很好的支持证据，还有很多可以参考，毕竟此人是大牛。

*哥白尼 (Copernicus 1473-1543)

参考事迹：提出了“日心说”（也叫哥白尼学说），十八岁进入克拉夫大学学医，受大学里面的一个著名天文学家的影响，不务正业搞了天文，1499年任罗马大学天文学教授，在教书和研究中逐渐对以往的天体理论产生了怀疑，下决心搞一套新的科学理论，于是辞去大学职务，回到波兰，跑到一个偏僻的教堂谋得一个工作，这里闲暇且安静，于是在这个环境下哥白尼得以安心研究，花了三十年终于创立了日心说，写成《天体运行论》。不过由于当时强大的教会势力，这部著作迟迟没有面世，直到死前的头一年才问世。

利用点：GRE写作中上镜率很高，随处可见G友们捧出小哥来做例证。用法多样，不一而足。



注：打*的推荐记住英文名字。



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作者：David
来源：寄托天下



经常用到的大牛列表。
中文名字
英文名字
轶事
利用点

阿基米德
Archimedes洗澡发明阿基米德定律;从小受家庭熏陶知识面很广


爱因斯坦
Einstein少年时代和牛顿同学一样比较笨，后来对物理极度爱好，提出相对论，质疑了牛顿的经典力学；解释光电效应获得1921诺贝尔奖
年幼的时候把有天赋的孩子集中训练；任何据称是事实的信息都应该被质疑，将来很可能会被证明是错误的；墨守陈规不会成功

安徒生
Anderson丰富的想象力
想象力作品的作用

巴斯德
Pasteur高温消毒法；一个科学家应该想到的，不是当时人们对他的表扬或者辱骂，而是未来若干世纪中人们怎么评价他
评价历史人物

贝多芬
Beethoven德国伟大的作曲家，从小开始学习小提琴和钢琴，一生作品丰富，贝多芬一直在莫扎特与海顿的音乐中成长，以致开始创作时风格也酷似两位前辈
在任何领域重大意义的成功都要接受过去的成就；天才要在早期培养；超人的毅力

比尔盖茨
Bill Gates微软创始人，从Harvard退学成立了公司
自学成才

达芬奇
Vinci画画的非常好，据说比唐伯虎还要好，另外他还将其它学科知识用到绘画，想象力丰富，代表作《Mona Lisa》
所有的学生都应该被要求学习理科课程，尽管有些人对理科不感兴趣；想象力的题目；其它学科对自身研究领域的影响

笛卡尔
Descartes法国著名哲学家，数学家，物理学家，同时对气象，生物等学科都做出了许多研究，解析几何的创立者。找了个地方安心做学问，提出了”普遍怀疑” 原则，著名公式“我思故我在”( I think, therefore I am )
学生学什么都要质疑老师；质疑权威社会才会进步；学术领域都需要真正的独立思想家的领导

法拉第
Faraday电学巨人，伟大的英国科学家，连小学都没上过，全靠自学，1813年被他的伯乐著名化学家戴维相中，决心培养他。法拉第根据逆向思维，提出伟大的电磁感应定律。
新手比专家更有可能获得重要发现；置疑权威

哥白尼
Copernicus他本来是学医的，后来对天文学产生爱好，写了日心说；日心说彻底改变了当时人们信仰；另外这个日心说搞得布鲁诺这个倒霉孩子在广场上被人家点了
兴趣爱好与成功；质疑权威社会才会前进和发展；真理一开始都是令人难以容忍的，或者至少是令人不快的，而且都是在反对当时的权威思想。

哥伦布
Columbus坚信“地圆说”;受到《马可波罗游记》的毒害，对东方文明很感兴趣，然后决定自己去看看，结果跑到片个陆地就把它当成是印度，到死还不知道自己错了
专家犯错误;兴趣对成功的影响;改变人们对地球的认识

歌德
Goethe德国和欧洲最著名的文学家之一，代表作《少年维特之烦恼》《浮士德》
文学对人性的影响；60年创造浮士德

荷马
Homer整理荷马史诗
感知和整理别人的技巧和发明的人往往为社会做出很大贡献

华盛顿
Washington美国第一位总统；美国人民心中的NO.1
华盛顿好人阿，革命家不能顾及到自己的利益，否则革命不彻底；诚实谦虚不图虚名等品质。

林肯
Lincoln第16任美国总统，南北战争中至关重要的人物，刻苦自学，在黑人兄弟的帮助下，彻底扭转了战争的进程
历史研究过于关注个人；个人努力可以改变看似固执的现实

麦哲伦
Magellan第一次用实践证明地球是圆的；“太平洋”的起名者
实践是证明问题的有力证据；理想主义和实践主义的比较

米开朗基罗
Michelangelo意大利文艺复兴时期伟大的绘画家、雕塑家和建筑师，用了近六年的时间创作了伟大的教堂壁画《末日审判》
老米同志的作品基本都是让人沉重和揪心的，所以用在科学让人安心，艺术让人 upset；想象力的题目

莫扎特
Mozart伟大的奥地利作曲家，三岁弹钢琴，四岁写谱，是个神童，但是现实社会却无情地冷落了他，大主教对他十分苛刻，可惜死的比较早也比较惨，三十五岁葬于一个穷人公墓区//在一次音乐会圆满的结束之后，一位少年找到了刚刚从台上谢幕下来的小演奏家，并对他说：“你演奏的真棒……”。小演奏家说：这没有什么，其实很简单，你也会作曲吗？“不会，我会写诗。”——对话的两位少年分别是8岁的莫扎特与12岁的歌德
天才要在早期培养；政府应该资助艺术家

拿破仑
Napoleon战争狂人，正面人物
英雄不一定代表这个社会的特征

牛顿
Newton小时候和小爱同学一样笨；坐在苹果树下看见苹果落地发现万有引力；他仔细研究了哥白尼、布鲁诺、开普勒、伽利略的书写了个综述《自然哲学的教学原理》，另外，他还研究了欧几里得和笛卡尔的书提出了力学三定律和万有引力定律
经典名言：我之所以看得比别人远，是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上；科学发明的偶然和必然

欧文
Robert Owen不是和小贝踢球的那个，空想社会主义者，早先赚了点钱就在美国印第安那买了片土地，妄图实现“共同劳动，财产共有，权利平等“的理想社会，搞了一会就失败了, 还弄得一贫如洗。
拿来作为理想主义的话题批判

培根
Bacon英国杰出的唯物主义哲学家，出生贵族，十五岁就到英驻法大使馆工作，官场平步青云，扶摇直上，但他一直对科学理论比较感兴趣，提出知识就是力量
知识就是力量，鼓励质疑权威

塞万提斯
Saiwantisi西班牙小说家、戏剧家、诗人，在生活窘迫的时候，卖文是他养活妻儿老小的唯一途径；1605年《堂吉诃德》第一部出版，立即风行全国，一年这内竟再版了六次。这部小说虽然未能使塞万提斯摆脱贫困，却为他赢得了不朽的荣誉。
艺术家需要资助；伟大的作品是由艺术家来决定价值而不是批评家

莎士比亚
Shakespeare英国著名戏剧家和诗人，小时候进剧院打杂跑龙套；三个悲剧代表作《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》
从小事做起；读书的作用了解当时的社会情况

瓦特
Watt小时候看到一壶水开了，蒸汽把壶盖冲的扑扑跳，这种常人司空见惯的现象却引起了小瓦特的浓厚兴趣
兴趣爱好和成功；发明蒸汽机是因为整理别人的成果

亚当斯密
Adam Smith《国富论》对西方经济学有重要的影响：他主张劳动生产率的提高是社会分工的结果。认为自由竞争是永恒不变的自然法则，人的本性是利己的，而追求个人利益则是人们从事经济活动的巨大动力，通过自由竞争可以达到个人福利和社会幸福的和谐。
自由竞争的好处；个人与群体的关系

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2006-1-17 18:38 编辑 ]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

作者：付顺贤

来源：新东方



When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Alien started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world's No.l University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.

We can learn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous woks.

Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name "Saint of the Gutters." The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor. Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide.

Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Whales is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills.

Mandela
Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.

Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies, Leadership and Internal control

Mr. Lesson was accused of losing 1.3 billion dollars as a result of a risky

Barings Bank in 1995 has been one of the most spectacular events in the banking world in recent years. Banks solvency and liquidity can be significantly threatened if speculative trading in financial derivatives is guided by a lack of adequate internal and external controls. There is evidence that such reasons are responsible for the failure of Barings in February 1995.

Recently, many multi-national companies, such as Cisco and Yahoo, stimulate the employees’ morale by offering stock options to their employees. Stock option provides a chance for employees to become the shareholders of the company. As the result, the interest and profit of the company is tightly connected with the employees' interest and income.

Philip morris, the largest tobacco company in the world, has been sued by government and many other groups for producing products that are harmful to health. The fines and legal fees that have resulted from the legal attacks against the company have cost the company substantial amounts of money.

Bayer , one of the largest pharmaceutics companies in the world, announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.

Mitsubishi Motors had concealed significant defects in the brake system of Pajero, one of the company's major products, before apologized to public: Hundreds of car accidents were directly caused by the brake error. Thus, the company suffered a great goods return, losing not only the market share but also the confidence of consumers.

Henry Ford 's factorv was so efficient that by 1926 a new "model-T" cost only $310, one-third the price of the original 1908 model.

Discriminating services may cause misunderstanding and unpleasant result.The best example is [Toshiba |, one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outraged at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.

Columbus
It took Columbus, the Italian explorer in the service of Spain who determined that the earth is round, over 3 months to sail from Europe to America. However, we can do so by air within one day.



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名人简介



Sisyphus : a king of Corinth, condemned in Hades forever to roll uphill ahuge stone that always rolled down again. Represent the endless travail.



Sandman : in nursery lore, a mythical person supposed to make children sleepy by casting sand in their eyes.

Frankenstein : the title character in Mary W. Shelley's novel Frankenstein who creates a monster by which he is eventually killed; a monstrous creation; especially : a work or agency that ruins its originator



Yeats : William Butler 1865*1939 Irish poet & dramatist; awarded 1923 Nobel prize for literature for his poems; leader of Irish literary revival with poems, essays, plays; best known poems include

*The Wild Swans at Coole,* *Sailing to Byzantium,* *The Second Coming,* etc



Maya : a Mayan language of the ancient Maya peoples recorded in inscriptions Pythagorean theorem : a theorem in geometry: the square of the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides



Adam Smith : writer of the Wealth of Nations.



Goethe Bach Supposition : the hardest supposition that none has thoroughly prove it.



Archimedes 阿基米德: Greek mathematician & inventor; known especially for work in mechanics; discovered principle of buoyancy; wrote treatises on volumes of spheres and cylinders, value of pi, etc.



Galileo 伽利略：Italian astronomer & physicist; discovered law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies; discovered that moon shines with reflected light; denounced for advocating Copernican system; was later tried by Inquisition (1632) and forced to recant



Newton 牛顿：Mathematician & physicist; author of Principia (1687), one of the seminal works of modern science; laid the foundation of calculus; expanded human understanding of color and light; formulated three fundamental laws of mechanics, leading to the law of gravitation



Hegel 黑格尔: 1770－1831 German philosopher; his dialectic process for reconciling opposites influenced Existentialists, Marx, etc.



Socrates: Greek philosopher; developer of philosophical thought concerned with the analysis of the character and conduct of human life; famous for his injunction *know thyself; * remembered for his conviction on charges of impiety and death by drinking poisonous hemlock.



Roosevelt: the 32nd president and the only president elected for 4th terms (1933-45); developed reforms and projects known as the New Deal. Under his sagacious leadership, America successfully walked out the shadow of Recession and conquered the notorious fascism in the Second World War. And according to a poll conducted at Harvard in 1950, Roosevelt is highly renowned as one of the greatest president of American, ranking only after Washington and Lincoln.



Washington: 1st president of the U.S. (1789-1797); established many precedents that permanently shaped the character of the office of president; universally regarded as father of his country. Abraham Lincoln: 16th president of the U.S. (1861-65); successfully preserved the Union during the American Civil War; issued Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in rebelling states; made famous address dedicating cemetery at Gettysburg; assassinated five days after end of Civil War.



Jefferson: chief author of Declaration of Independence (1776); 3d president of the U.S. (1801*09); purchased Louisiana from France, sent Lewis and Clark to explore it; prohibited importation of slaves; instrumental in founding U. of Virginia. From him we can see the importance initially laid upon education. He required his progenies to carve such epitaph on his tombstone as ‘chief author of Declaration of Independence; author of the Freedom Law of Religion in Virginia; Father of the Virginia Uni.’ Without mentioning of his presidency. It reflected vividly what a status of education in Jefferson’s heart and this status was inherited by his successors. It is why American’s being super power of the world today.



Pasteur: French chemist & microbiologist; did pioneer work in the study of microorganisms and their effects; developed method of inoculating against anthrax and chicken cholera; developed cure and prevention for rabies; developed the germ theory of disease that disentangled human from the superstition that disease are a curse cast by god.





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数学家事迹

作者：ilikesleep

来源：满分网



Hi，everyone.自己是学数学的，而老爸也已是此行高手了，所以既有资料又难免有些偏爱，：），所以一同收集了一些数学家的事迹，大家看看，或许有用的。11月考完到现在，对题库中的题目有些生疏了，不好乱说这些资料适用于哪个题目，靠大家自己斟酌了。



一些数学家的事迹。



伽罗华（Galois,1811-1832,法国）1829年5月，他写出了关于代数方程可解判断的论文，1830年2月修改。由于审稿人去世，手稿竟被遗失。1831年他再次修改了论文，但仍未得到公正的评价。1832年他因为爱情之事与别人进行了决斗，在决斗前夕他整理了他的数学手稿，概括了他的主要成果。他不幸死于决斗。到1846年，他的部分文章才得以出版。1870年，若当（Jordan,1838-1922)才全面的介绍了伽罗华的工作和思想。伽罗华用群论彻底解决了根式求解高次方程的问题，并由此建立了关于群和域的理论--伽罗华理论，从而开辟了抽象代数的研究领域。

French mathematician who made valuable contributions to number theory algebra before being killed in a duel at the age of 21.



康托尔（Cantor,1845-1918,法国）集合（set)论的创始者。他的名言是：数学的本质在于思考的充分。他的思想使得我们有可能研究超越了感觉想象到的高维和无限维的空间，使数学家可以建立起抽象的纯数学和种种特异的数学来，并且还将促使数学永无止境地向前发展。

但是康托尔的一生并不平坦，1884年他患了精神分裂症，并且以后34年间一直影响着他的生活。他发病的一个重要原因是他的创见和思想不被当时的许多人（其中甚至包括一些数学界的领袖人物）所理解，反而受到了一些击和不公正对待。

但是康托尔的集合论毕竟给数学这个乐园建立了一个坚实的基础，从而使现代数学成为了一门真正的独立科学。



希尔伯特（Hilbert,1862-1943,德国）二十世纪最伟大的数学家之一，他最为有名的事迹之一是在二十世纪开端时提出了著名的二十三个数学问题，这些问题在相当程度上引导和促进了二十世纪数学的发展。同时他也是数学公理化方法的开拓者、倡导者、实践者之一。

勒贝格（Lebesgue,1875-1941,法国）他主要的成就是建立了完的测度理论，从而改造了传统的积分，使得积分的方法可以在更广泛的范围内得到准确的应用，并且极大地促进了泛函分析、微分方程等数学领域的发展。他的一生中也有曲折。他起初只是一个中学教师，但是后来他一直作到了法国科学院的院长。

其他一些数学家的英文名字和生卒年份：莱布尼兹（Leibniz，1646-1716，英国）。高斯（Gauss，1777-1855，德国）。欧拉（Euler，1707-1783，瑞士（俄））。费尔马（Fermat，1601-1665，法国）柯西（Cauchy，1789-1857，法国）。魏尔斯特拉斯（Weierstrass，1815-1897，德国）。泰勒(Taylor，1685-1731，英国）。拉格朗日(Lagrange，1736-1813，法国）。拉普拉斯(Laplace，1749-1827，法国）。黎曼(Riemann，1826-1866，法国）。贝努利家族(Bernoullis，好象是瑞士）。布尔巴基学派（Bourbaki，法国）。



莱布尼兹Leibniz

German philosopher and mathematician. He invented differential and integral calculus independently of Newton and proposed the metaphysical theory that we live in 搕he best of all possible worlds.?

莱布尼兹，戈特弗里德•威廉•冯1646-1716德国哲学家和数学家。他不受牛顿影响而发明了微分演算法和积分演算法，并提出了我们生活在“所有可能存在最美好的世界”中的形而上学理论



高斯Gauss

German mathematician and astronomer known for his contributions to algebra, differential geometry, probability theory, and number theory.

高斯，卡尔•弗雷德里希1777-1855德国数学家和天文学家，因其对代数、微积分几何、或然率理论和数字理论的贡献而为人称道.



欧拉Euler

Swiss mathematician particularly noted for his full development of integral calculus and for his theories of complex numbers, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, and lunar motion.

欧拉，莱奥哈尔德1707-1783瑞士数学家，尤其他对微积分的开创性贡献，以及他的复数、对数、三角函数和月球运动等理论而闻名于世.



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To add one （亨利.庞加莱）

作者：Guluck

来源：满分网



Henri Poincare (1854-1912), a great French mathematics and theoretical science professor at the Sorbonne (University of Paris), had a highly original influence on the development of pure and applied mathematics. He also worked on functions that changed celestial mechanics, helped pioneer algebraic topoloty and co-discovered the special theory of relativity. For further introduction to his works, please visit http://www-chaos.umd.edu/misc/poincare.html. The following is a story about him and his Fuchsian functions(富克斯函数）:



For weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations but he arrived at no result. One night he drank some balck coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours.

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2006-1-17 19:24 编辑 ]

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MD,胃又疼了

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楼主保重！

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

GRE例子集合    名人座右铭

作者：aerozxy

来源：寄托天下

张伯伦与二战
Chamberlain, who was the British Prime Minister in the decade before WWII, committed to his belief that the major enemy of Great Britain was Soviet Union and Germany will play a key role at defending the Europe from the invasion of Soviet Union. He continued to believe in his own presumption that Germany was just seeking to be strong enough to defend Europe when Nazi Germany incorporate Austria, Hungary and Czech. He even played an important supporting role in it. But after he was convinced in the fantasy of peace provide by Hitler. Germany kicked him in his back. The WWII brake out and the whole world, including Britain, was dragged into a catastrophe.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, greatest military leader in the Second World War, he has a very famous saying "Chins up!" that is his perpetual principle; Martin Luther King, gained worldwide respect as a leader of civil rights, that " I have a dream" is his firm conviction; Nelson Mandela, an honorable president of South Africa, "peace and unite" is his unchanged principle; and also George W. Bush, his forever belief that " Never tiring, never yielding, never finishing" makes him the incumbent America president.

哥白尼日心说
Copernicus' theory of heliocentricism is sure to be a great achievement in astronomy, however, his great discovery contradicted the traditional and in-powered theological canon which dictated geocentricism , his book was censored and prohibited from the general public, it was not until several years published in other countries did Copernicus first express his ideas to populace.

培根语录
Just as Francis Bacon, a famous British philosopher, once said:" Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave logic and rhetoric able to contend."

弗兰克林-罗斯福的“新政”
Franklin Roosevelt , an eminent politician and economist , was selected president of the U.S.A. in 1932 because of his outstanding proposition of solutions to help the American economy recover from a severe economic depression by means of a series of policies called "New Deal" such as relief policies, renascent and catalyzing solutions etc. and afterwards led American get over that crisis.

阿基米德Archimedes
Greek mathematician, engineer, and physicist. Among the most important intellectual figures of antiquity, he discovered formulas for the area and volume of various geometric figures, applied geometry to hydrostatics and mechanics, devised numerous ingenious mechanisms, such as the Archimedean screw, and discovered the principle of buoyancy.

Duke Ellington, perhaps jazz music's most prolific composers, continued to create new compositions until late in life. Thomas Edition, who registered far more patents with the U.S. patent office than any other person, continued to invent until a very old age.

1969登月（Apollo 11 moon landing, Neil Armstrong is first person to walk on moon）
The actual moon landing in 1969 was an astounding achievement, both technologically and socially. Many people around the world gathered outside to watch President Nixon make the connection with the astronauts. As they watched on large screen televisions, they could also look up and see the moon - some 240,000 miles away. Surely an unforgettable experience.

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

这个服务器太慢了，我的很多工作都没有了
不知道大家有没有断网无法登陆的情况？

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

作者：xenonhwq   
来源：太傻网
# 后面是我认为例子的用途；* 是我自己的翻译，不权威，也可能有错；其他的都是查过的，保证没问题：）

Michael Dell 戴尔
Dell Computer
A Fortune 500 company
personal selling 直销
#中途辍学，创新，坚持自己的看法

Monopoly 垄断
Competition
Invisible hand 看不见的手（Keynes的理论）
Market failure 市场失灵
Vicious competition 恶性竞争
Vicious circle 恶性循环
#Keynes（凯恩斯）宏观经济调控理论是在David Richard (大卫•李嘉图) “看不见的手”理论上的创新，是在前者缺陷的基础上发展起来的。Market failure 市场失灵是缺陷，economic crisis in the late 1930s是其体现。

Democratic Party
Republican Party
#***上的竞争的好处

Churchill 丘吉尔
Be troubled with stammer
#小时候是结巴，苦练成为著名演说家

Lincoln
Civil War
The leader of Federation
#美国的hero

Jack Welch 杰克•韦尔奇
General Electric Company
Manager of the Century
#企业的leader

Conductor 指挥
Symphony orchestra 交响乐团
Violinist
Pianist
#艺术的leader

Eisenhower 艾森豪威尔
Troop
Commander
#军事上的leader

Edison
Phonograph 留声机
Electric bulb 电灯泡

Einstein
The general and special theory of relativity 广义和狭义相对论
the photoelectric effect 光电效应
#Einstein获Nobel是由于其解释了光电效应，但其相对论的贡献也很大。可用于Nobel获奖那道issue

Newton
The laws of motion
#从牛顿到爱因斯坦是创新和飞跃

Alfred Nobel
Dynamite 他发明的炸药
Explosive
#锲而不舍，而且捐赠了Nobel基金

Aristotle
Geocentric theory

Plato
Spiritual love

Cisco Systems, Inc 思科
1984起家做 router
The surge of Internet economy
# The surge of Internet economy是机会，但对每个人都是公平的，思科贵在抓住机会，而且在网络经济泡沫破灭后仍然屹立不到。证明机会不是决定因素。

Enron 安然
Fraudulent accounting techniques 财务造假
Listed as the 7th largest company in the United States
Scandal
Blue chip stock 蓝筹股
#诚信的问题，长期利益与短期利益问题

Nazism 纳粹
Nazi (a)
Fanatic nationalism
Patriotic reverence
Dictator
Adolf Hitler
#历史的作用，过分的patriotic reverence的害处。

Leonardo da Vinci 达芬奇
Apprentice to Verrocchio
(Who was at that time the most gifted and manifold artist in Florence)
#大师也要从模仿学习开始，创新也应从模仿中先掌握基础

Mendel 孟德尔
Pea plants
The inheritance of traits
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
#现代的genetic engineering也是建立在此基础上的，可和Newton的那句话一起用：If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants.

Bill Gates 比尔•盖茨
Forbes magazine 福布斯杂志
The wealthiest person in the world
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
A charitable organization 慈善机构
Underrepresented minority college scholarships
AIDS prevention
A response to negative public outcry over the seemingly monopolistic and anticompetitive practices of his company
#正面反面都可。关于企业和个人关心其行为的社会效应的问题

。

Copernicus 哥白尼
Geocentric theory 地心说
Heliocentric system 日心说
#挑战传统，创新，科学发展

Nixon 尼克松
Watergate conspiracy 水门事件
The Republican Party
The break in 电话窃听
#politician的ethic and moral standard，也可驳斥The end justifies the means

Giordano Btuno，1548-1600布鲁诺
Be condemned to the stake 火刑处死
#追求真理

Civil law 民法
Criminal law 刑法
Infringe the law
Infringe upon sb’s rights 侵犯他***利

Alan Greenspan 艾伦•格林斯潘
Chairman of the US Federal Reserve 美联储主席

UNESCO 国际教科文组织

Victor Hugo 雨果
Romantic author[quote]

Les Miserables 悲惨世界
#小说可以反映现实，感人，或者用于小说等比实事记录更有permanent influence,[/quote]

Gone With Wind 飘
Margaret Mitchell 玛格莉特•米歇尔#小说比实事记录更有permanent influence
Hamlet
Shakespeare
dragedy#小说比实事记录更有permanent influence

Arthur C. Clarke 埃瑟•克拉克
A great writer and scientist
*International Telestar 国际通讯卫星

*Scientific fiction 科幻小说
#可以用于说明imagination的重要，或说明imagination也要有科学或经验基础才能合理，且才能被materialize

Slide fastener拉链
#普通人的发明创造

The Renaissance 文艺复兴
Portray
Aristocrat 贵族
the medieval ages 中世纪
The Roman papacy 罗马教皇
#艺术受宗教***的影响

Confucius 孔子
Confucianism 儒学
Theory of Ethics
Political theory
Feudal culture 封建文化
#思想家的例子

Vencent van Gogh 梵高
Expressionism 印象主义
Early abstraction 早期抽象主义
Had little success during his lifetime
Sunflower 向日葵
The Red Vineyard 红色的葡萄园
(the only painting he sold during his lifetime)
#不被contemporary society认同，但后世给予了极高的肯定。可用于greatest artists are out of step of contemporary society

upriver河上游
logging 伐木业
*wash away soil 水土流失
#环境问题中，一个地区的环境破坏造成大面积地区的环境破坏

Tibet
*Tibetan antelopes 藏羚羊
crocodile 鳄鱼

The Blind Men and the Elephant 盲人摸象
A Hindoo fable
Side —— wall
Tusk —— spear
Trunk —— snake
Knee —— tree
Ear —— fan
Tail —— rope
#a sense of the whole的重要性

Impromptu speech 即兴演讲
# Fast replies and communication do not necessarily lead to superficial thinking.

Blackout on eastern coast 美国东海岸大停电
In August, 2003
Commuter be stranded
Buses & ferries 还在运行
Subway system 完蛋了
#人类对科技的依赖

Computer
33.9 thousand billion calculations per second
lifetime
# 电脑算一秒，人要算一辈子。用于电脑的优势和正面作用。
Columbus 哥伦布
Half a year 才到美洲
Within one day
#科技改变人类生活，专家犯错

Benjamin Franklin 本杰明•弗兰克林
Electric spark 电火花
Frightening sound
Wife was shocked
Miniature of lightening and thunder
Send up a kite in a thunderstorm
Lightning rod 避雷针
#实验室偶然的accident导致发现打雷闪电是放电。雨中放风筝。

Watt 瓦特
Steam engine 蒸汽机
Boiled water
Steam lifts the cover of pot
#偶然发现，或从小的兴趣对成功的影响

Newton
Apple
The Law of Gravity 万有引力
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants.
#apple的故事据说是个玩笑，就算是真的，也不是偶然，必须有相应的研究。当然也可以赞成其是偶然。可用于科学发明多是偶然那道issue

Penicillin 盘尼西林
Bacterial growth was inhibited by a contaminant blue-green mould
#偶然发现

Arthur Anderson 安达信
Accounting firm
#和安然Enron一起作假

Gladiator 角斗士 Maximus 主人公名字
为Republicanism奋斗 #西方的hero
Brave Heart 勇敢的心 Willian Wallace主人公名字
为Freedom of Scotland奋斗 #西方的hero
Joan of Arc 圣女贞德
English invaders  #西方的hero
That a hero lies in you 一句歌词
Mariah Carey 玛丽亚•凯利  The Red Cross 红十字协会
John Dewey 美国思想家  #society does not really pay attention to him.

Socrates 苏格拉底
In prison and sentenced to death
His disciple helped him to escape from the prison, but he refused for his faith in truth and justice of the law   #injustice laws 该违反吗？

Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊•克努索
#人不能脱离社会，即使是鲁宾逊，其生存技能也是来自于社会
Beethoven 贝多芬Deaf

KFC 肯德基 McDonald 麦当劳 #快餐的影响

The Imperial Palace 故宫  #新老建筑共存问题

Who moves my cheese?  #不能害怕改变

Stephen Hawking 史蒂芬•霍金
The beginning of real time would have been a singularity.奇点
Universe and time have a beginning in the Big Bang.大爆炸
A Brief History of Time 时间简史
#imagination and assumption 的重要性，但个人认为也不是毫无根据的，需要知识和实践基础。

Dr. Ding Zhaozhong 丁肇中
AMS joint international space experiment project丁肇中是领导核心
The only large scientific experiment conducted at the international space station
#学术的leader

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

专攻ISSUE之二：我是怎么搞定论据的   

作者:  dukesilence   
来源：寄托天下

1·美国，加拿大停电。再加上最近英国也停电一次。可以来说明高科技的发展，人们的以来等等
双刃剑：two-edge sword， technological dualism
停电：power failure ， power blackouts
停电动词表示很多，如：hit USA
如美国的纽约表示为：the largest metropolis in USA
英国停电：Major power failure in London causes chaos.
伦敦市长：London mayor Ken Livingstone
2·前不久，巴西卫星爆炸 Brazil rocket explodes, killing 21 and injuring 21 others.发射平台：launch  pad
3·非常有用的一个，你一定知道，可是别忘记拼写Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome--SARS
肺炎：penumonia
流行病：epidemic
take effective and efficient measures 如the Health Ministry的领导说话不负责任。这个SARS简直通用。可以说明：***家的修养和道德，政府和人民，科技和医学，人类发展，科研资料共享与研究互动，还有合作。。。太多了
4·丑闻scandle
Bill Clitton and Monica Lewiski love affair 这都不知道怎么用，你可以下次再考，这次不急：）
还有British Prime Minister Tony Blair （Iraq attack ）也是一个丑闻嘛
Saddam Hussein--the former Iraq ruler
Nixion's resignation水门事件
5·Japan must deal with aftermath of chemical weapon death.这个我也不想多解释
6·counter-terrorism反恐，需要合作，还要领导人的铁腕
7·关于科技的争论，可以这样表示
The place of technology in modern society is a subject of continuing controversy. Key issue include not only the impact of technology on quotidian life but also the need to control the development and uses of technological innovations so that they bebefit all aspects of community.
8·科学家及理论
Einstein's relativism
Newton's classical mechanics
Newton's gravity theory
Galileo's clash with the Inquisition
Darwin's adaptive theory
科学家研究的东西如：Pyramid, pollution等等
9·列举时候，需要自己编写例子
人名要几个麻烦的才可以，如： Jonathan Kaliski, A. Fujinori, Eung Soo Kim, Ken Livingstone（伦敦市长）。。。
地名也是需要记住几个复杂的，如Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin....
数字，最好写比例是编奇数，还带个小数点，这样比较可信！
10·一些经典的人物
Aristotle，全才
Archimedes，阿基米德的故事太多
Columbus，专家犯错误
Da Vinci，说明学习时候的什么理科文科，艺术之类
Galileo，不畏强权
Copernicus，坚持真理
Socrates，想怎么应用都可以啊
Newton，巨人肩膀之类
Lincoln，***家，自己的学校教育
Darwin，不用说吧
Eistein，更是多的不的了

The cosmos 宇宙
Heavenly body 天体
Eclipse 月食，日食
the lunar calendar 农历

The end justifies the means
Outing 远足  Hike
Cosmetics 化妆品
*The great quantum leap 大跃进 (Began in 1958) *Cooperation 合作社
Philosophy 哲学    Materialist dialectics 唯物辩证法
Reference 参照（组）  the frames of reference 参照系

具体用来说明什么，自己编吧，呵呵！

对于一篇ISSUE，论证分三个部分
第一个就是引用。我是这样子写的：Jonathan Livingstone, president and CEO of ？(公司简称，自己提前编写)， a distinguished and well-known company in Massachusetts, illustrates this brilliantly in the following quptes (and I paragraph),"......" 这不是搞定一段了吗？？？
第二，举例，编写例子，还可以用我说的论据，好多可以自圆其说，关键是么记住一些能有说服力的名字，包括一些专用名词。象SARS不知道可以用多少次，经常可以用到。用不到，我也可以说一个人是研究SARS的，反正写作是要流氓一些。
第三，就是来个让步，或者给出一些现象，无非是一些人认为，另一些人认为，自己说明自己的想法。也可以来个建议，如人们该怎么办，政府怎么办，当前的困难和任务。。。总之，无论怎么搞，都有一段啊。
这样就只用总结一个通用的开头结尾模板，考试时候写中间就可以了，ISSUE还难吗？？？

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

作者：imong  
来源：寄托天下



常用单词:

表示进步,提高的动词:
improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade refine



重要,关键:
important significant consequential momentous considerable essential valuable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vital capital substantial material; 稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominent eminent noticeable


正确的,无误的:
correct rectify accurate precise proper undistorted right impeccable

增长和减少(这个超级常用!)
increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify aggrandize elongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrink terminate lessen abate raise boost intense(intensify) expand augment enlarge diminish dwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思） slump


和证明相关的:
justify warrant assert claim contend argue validate substantiate verify accuse assign indict allege affirm


论题:
statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief view conviction persuasion


要求
request demand needs requisition

撤销
to cancel; to revoke; to countermand; [Law] to rescind; to quash

建立
to build up; to establish; to set up; to found; to take root; to strike root


消除
to eliminate; to clear; to remove; to clear up; to take away; to smooth away

推理
1.[Logic] inference; reasoning; deduction; ratiocination
2.to reason
3.to put two and two together


相应
1.corresponding; relevant; relative; fitting; appropriate
2.accordingly; correspondingly; by the same token; in a corresponding way
3.to correspond to; to act in responses; to work in concert with; to support each other


导致
1.to lead to; to bring about (or on); to result in; to cause; to spark off; to conduce to; to procure; to induce; to generate


后果
a consequence; an aftermath; an outcome

检查
to inspect; to check; to examine; to look over; to put to the test; to keep a check on


发（奖品）
prize reward award grant assign confer(on) honor fame credit contribution acknowledgement recognition

表示程度的副词
very strikingly greatly highly insatiably exceedingly dreadfully remarkably drastically dramatically


足够
sufficient adequate enough

剩下几个也是常用的
present justify practicable hence consequently examination accountable responsible


特别提醒注意的是同一个条目下面的单词之间不是完全的同义词，用法，搭配，都有区别，各自受到限制，千万不要不加区别混用一气，一定要注意用法是否规范！


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

写作经常用到的同义词   

作者：dukesilence
来源：寄托天下





琐碎的，不重要的，微不足道的--trivial frivolous superficial trifling worthless
轻视，贬抑--disdain despise reject scorn contempt derogate disparage depreciate
嘲笑，嘲讽--deride mock ridicule scorn sneer quip flout hack jape persiflage taunt
容易冲动的--impetuous hasty headlong rash brash passionate precipitate reckless
理论家，空谈家--doctrinaire pedant theorist
残忍的，野蛮的--ferocious bloodthirsty brutal cruel fierce vicious wild atrocious
邪恶的，有害的，致命的--sinister diabolic corrupt forbidding pernicious virulent
秘密的，偷偷的--cryptic furtive covert covered hidden hideaway shelter veiled s

避难所--asylum haven home institution refuge shelter harbor
节约的--frugal prudent saving economical sparing thrifty abstemious stint
浪费的，挥霍的--prodigal extravagant lavish spendthrift wasteful squander
浪费时间，逗弄，嬉戏--dally dawdle delay lag linger loiter
祝福，感谢--benediction bless bliss blessing
欺骗，诈骗--deceive beguile dupe hoax mislead trick bamboozle cheat delude hoodwink
逃避工作--malinger goldbrick relinquish
揭密，泄漏--uncover disclose expose open reveal unmask
掠夺，抢劫--loot predate rob pillage plunder sack spoil despoil burglarize angle
诽谤，中伤--aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate
赞扬--extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium
颂词，表扬--laud eulogy ode hymn
反对，不赞成--demur deprecate dissent dissident
否认，拒绝，驳斥-- contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject repudiate gainsay
哀悼，后悔，哀叹--deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent
驱逐，出境--deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude ostracism
居住--dwell abide reside inhabit occupy
夸张，吹牛--vaunt exaggerate bombast overstate full-blown overdo magnify amplify
夸张的--stilted lofty
傲慢，专横--hauteur swagger imperious arrogance overbearing preemptory scurrilous contemptuous haughty insolent arbitrary
活泼的--vivacious active animated brisk dynamic energetic exuberant gay lively
恶作剧的，顽皮的--prankish naughty impish elfish devilish mischievous puckish
笨拙的，麻烦的--cumbersome bulky burdensome clumsy troublesome unmanageable bothersome gauche antic awkward ham-handed
暴乱，骚动--agitation bother commotion fret stir riot squall
大风暴--tempest violence storm
大混乱，大灾难--havoc calamity catastrophe misfortune disaster mishap tragedy
巨大的，惊人的--prodigious colossal enormous extraordinary gigantic huge immense mammoth vast tremendous
例外的，奇特的，罕见的--exceptional remarkable stupendous
奇妙的，不可思议的--miraculous wonderful marvelous
大胆的，莽撞的--audacious bold brave daring gallant heroic valiant prowess
多产的，丰富的，繁茂的--prolific fecund fertile fruitful productive munificent prosperous affluent flourish opulent well-off plentiful abundant
贫瘠的，不孕的，不毛之地--barren sterile
贫困的，贫乏的，没钱的--indigent penurious penury impecunious improvished needy down-and -out penniless wretched destitute bankrupt
手铐，束缚--shackle handcuff manacle chain bind fetter
神秘的--mysterious esoteric occult
取消，撤销，废除--resciss repeal nullify abolish quash withdraw abrogate abolish annul cancel invalidate recall rescind revoke nullify retract overrule
使衰弱，使衰老--enfeeble enervate debilitate weaken vitiate
虚弱的，衰老的--feckless flaccid flagging languid effete
耻辱，污名--tarnish stain slur disgrace brand blemish stigma discredit humiliation
持久的--everlasting perpetual permanent endurable abiding eternal
短暂的 --momentary temporary transient ephemeral evanescent provisional
谨慎的，警觉的--wary chary vigilant discreet considerate cautious prudent careful circumspect
责备，指责，咒骂--accuse blame censure charge denounce impugn impeach indict execrate condemn criticize reproach reprove disapprove upbraid vituperate reprove injure reprehend rebuke inveigh diatribe abuse lambaste obloquy invective
免责，确定无罪--exempt exonerate exculpate invulnerable absolve
妨碍，阻挠--filibuster encumber impede hamper hinder stymie curb obstruct restrain retard hamper thwart foil clog check occlude
促进，帮助--precipitate accelerate advance facilitate hasten hurry promote quicken speed-up assist abet press
挑剔的--meticulous nitpick finicky finical exacting censoring fussy fastidious choosy critical particular selective pernickety prissy punctilious prudish
苛责，吹毛求疵的--carp cavil pick criticize quibble
迅速发展--prosper flourish thrive boom develop grow increase mushroom sprout
镇压--quell appease extinguish hush lull mollify pacify quiet smother stifle subdue suppress squelsh foil slake quench
刺激--rouse arouse awaken excite foment anger inflame kindle move pique provoke disquiet incense whet stimulate stir instigate galvanize vex rile roil annoy aggravate disturb irritate
放纵--indulge coddle pamper pander-to mollycoddle humor cater dote-on sybarite voluptuary wanton spoil
笨蛋，傻瓜--dolt numskull dunce blockhead lout idiocy idiot cretin half-wit fool dullard imbecile moron simpleton prat oaf slouch dull-head
愚蠢--idiocy stupidity absurdity madness lunacy folly
愚蠢的--crass doltish oafish imbecilic moronic fatuous vacuous
伪造，掺假--adulterate forge counterfeit falsify bogus
真正的，纯种的--genuine authentic
真实的，坦诚的，诚实的--candid candor frank fair genuine open pure trustworthy trustful veracious virtuous
减弱，降低--clam appease allay alleviate ease lessen moderate pacify relieve attenuate abate
宁静的，平静的--quiet calm serene peaceful silent still tranquil pacific composed
冷静的，不为所动的--phlegmatic impassive apathetic composed indifferent reserved unemotional unfeeling unmoved
新手，生手--apprentice neophyte novice typo greenhorn freshman uninitiated verdant
预言，预知，预告--presage predict forecast foresee foretell portend portent prophesy anticipate omen divine soothsay augur forebode presentiment
犹豫，停滞--balk boggle scruple demur falter flounder pause vacillate waver hesitate
消除，除去--efface erase obliterate raze eliminate exterminate
闲扯，瞎说--drivel prate babble chat chatter gossip blab prattle babble gabble jabber
怀脾气的，暴躁的--cantankerous cranky irascible irritable quarrelsome choleric apoplectic churlish petulant raspy
蹒跚，摇晃，跌倒--stagger lurch reel sway tumble waver flounder dodder ramshackle
昂首阔步--swagger strut
固执的--headstrong obstinate stubborn willful firm dogged adamant bullheaded pigheaded inflexible tenacious rigid stiff unbending unyielding dour bigoted recalcitrant bigotry tenacity pertinacity
温顺的，驯服的--tame obedient meek gentle docile tame bonhomie
效忠，尊敬--homage adoration deference esteem honor respect reverence veneration
忠诚--fidelity allegiance attachment devotion faith fealty loyalty
精确，准确--accuracy exactness exactitude precision
简洁的--concise terse curt brief succinct compendious condensed compressed laconic
大纲，摘要--précis compendium compendia abstract summary synopsis
扼要，说明--recapitulate summarize outline
民意测验，民意调查--gall-up pollster
仁慈的，温和的，宽大的--lenient benefic beneficent benign benignant clement indulgent merciful mild tolerant
陈旧的--antiquated banal shopworn antique moth-eaten old-fashioned cliché dated outmoded hackneyed time-worn threadbare trite immemorial obsolete
使成僵局，僵局--stalemate deadlock
粗略的，大概的,粗糙的--schematic cursory coarse crude rough vulgar churlish husky
吸引人的--intriguing alluring appealing attractive bewitching captivate charming enchanting enticing fascinating interesting inviting tantalizing tempting thrilling winning ingratiating
优势，主权，权势--clout ascendance ascendancy authority preponderance majority
荒谬的，愚蠢的，可笑的--preposterous absurd silly ridiculous senseless nonsensical
合理的--logical national reasonable sound
一致的，相等的，同样的--congruent tantamount commensurate
和睦，一致--concord harmony agreement rapport conformity
分配，给予，分发--allocate allot apportion assign distribute divide
相称的，合适的，应得的--condign becoming fitting proper suitable appropriate
微不足道的--trivial frivolous measly paltry superficial trifling worthless venial



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GRE作文闪亮词一束   

作者:sdc1980818  

inferno ： 可与幸福生活构成强对比。
inky: 用于个人或科研道路上的迷茫。
promulgate:写到***法律方面issue，关于政策规定的公布，发布
latency: 如写到作者尚未表现出作用的潜在危险，或自己所主张的观点长远作用
connotation:很常用的一个词，常在文首用。

motivate（ignite）: 探究深层心理方面原因，寻找内内因时用。

nectar：在写艺术方面的issue时候可以考虑，描写艺术享受的时候比较有用。

emulate: 名人的作用，如是否该给科学家以大奖等的时候，可以用于描述牛人带动一片人

三个责任：obligation, responsibility, liability

三个重要：paramount, significant, important  

考虑相关的词：ponder, delve, brood, speculate, deduce, 其它的就很基础，不用说了

提高/增加：augment，increase, elevation,

混乱： uproar，pandemonium, turmoil (描述驳斥政府的时候，或者写到紧急情况时的社会情况，人们的表现)

记忆：rote（关于教育的时候，说学生如何如何首其毒害，总是rote）  reminisce(美好留念,9.11后人们怀念以前平静的日子) recollect()

平静相关的词： halcyon, quietude, calmness equability equanimity equilibrium impassivity, placidity  

残疾；cripple, deformity:（教育类）可用来抨击一些只强调一方面而忽视另外方面的教育

错误：lapse, mistake, error, falsity, inaccuracy.（通常都要用到）

评价：evaluate, assess, estimate, judge.（通常都要用到，特别是argument）

威胁/危害：menace, jeopardize, imperil, endanger(用与极端事物对社会的危害)

分配：allot, distribute, assign （谈到社会分工以及贫富差距时候可用到）

短/长：transient, ephemeral / enduring, permanent(argument里面写##years is not long enough to make the conclusion的时候可以换换，再就是艺术的永恒，以及教育对学生的意义VS眼前的小利)。

代表：representative, mark, stand for(动词形式)，deputation。

拥有/获得：possess, hold, obtain（把持住了的，拿到了的，攥在手心的东西） acquire, gain（获得利益，知识and so on） attain, acheive(达到某种目） （这几个词在作文中的频率相当高，多记几个就能使文章词汇有所变化，看起来舒服些）

角度/方面： angles/aspect/facet/side.(段落转折处经常用到)

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

来源：太傻网
A bad thing never dies. 好人不长寿，祸害遗千年。
A bad workman always blames his tools. 笨工匠总是怪工具差。
A baited cat may grow as fierce as a lion. 人急悬梁，狗急跳墙。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 两鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
A bully is always a coward. 欺负弱小者永远是懦夫。
A burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命；吉人自有天相。
A cat may look at a king. 小人物也有些权利。
A clear conscience can bear any trouble. 平时不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。
A cook is bold on his own dunghill. 狗仗人势。
A constant guest is never welcome. 常客难受欢迎。
A contented mind is a perpetual feast. 知足常乐。
A cracked bell can never sound well. 狗嘴里长不出象牙来。
A crooked stick will have a crooked shadow. 上梁不正下梁歪。
A deceitful peace is more hurtful than an open war. 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。
A door must be either shut or open. 门非关即开；二者择其一。
A drowning man will clutch at a straw. 溺水之人不放过一根稻草；病急乱投医。
A dwarf on a giant's shoulders sees the farther of the two. 巨人肩上的侏儒看得远；借重他人的经验好处多。
A fault confessed is half redressed. 知错能改，善莫大焉。
A fool and his money are soon parted. 笨人难聚财。
A fool's mouth is his destruction. 祸从口出。
A forced kindness deserves no thanks. 勉强的善行不值得感谢。
A fox may grow grey but never good. 江山易改，本性难移。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
(这个翻译严重错误，应该是“酒色朋友”的意思)
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view? ... +is+a+friend+indeed
A full purse never lacks friend. 有钱有酒，必有朋友。
A golden key opens every door. 钱能通神。
A good husband makes a good wife. 夫善则妻贤。
A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
A good name is sooner lost than won. 美誉易失难得。
A good tale is none the worse for being told twice. 动人的故事令人百听不厌。
A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
A honey tongue, a heart of gall. 嘴甜如蜜，心黑如漆。
A house divided against itself cannot stand. 不和之家难长存。
A Jack of all trades is master of none. 样样皆通者样样不精。
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 万丈高楼平地起。
A lazy youth, a lousy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
A leopard cannot change his spots. 江山易改，本性难移。
A liar is not believed when he tells the truth. 常说谎话的人就算是说真话也没人信。
A lion may come to be beholden to a mouse. 强者亦有求助于弱者的时候。
A little fire burns up a great deal of corn. 星星之火可以燎原。
A little gall spoils a great deal of honey. 一粒老鼠***，坏了一锅粥。
A little leak will sink a great ship. 牵一发而动全身。
A little learning is a dangerous thing. 一知半解最危险。
A little neglect may breed great mischief. 一失足成千古恨，再回首已百年身。
A man apt to promise is apt to forget. 轻诺者，信必寡。
A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不可二用。
A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. 和气生财。
A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。
A near neighbor is better than a distant cousin. 远亲不如近邻。
A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。
A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。
A slow fire makes sweet malt. 慢工出细活。
A sound mind in a sound body. 有健全的身体，才有健全的心智。
A still tongue makes a wise head. 寡言为智。
A stitch in time saves nine. 及时行事，事半功倍。
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. 美的事物是永恒的喜悦。
A word is enough to the wise. 聪明人一点就通。
A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，四马难追。
A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
A-day-old puppy doesn't know to be afraid of the tiger. 初生之犊不畏虎。
Able men are always busy. 能者多劳。
Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 小别塍新婚。
Accidents will happen in the best-regulated families. 家规再严也难免会出问题。
According to your purse govern your mouth. 量入为出。
Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于空谈。
Advice when most needed is least heeded. 忠言逆耳。
After a storm comes a calm. 雨过天晴；否极泰来；苦尽甘来。
All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 狗所吠之人未必皆为贼；勿以貌取人。
All cats are grey in the dark. 所有的猫在黑暗中皆为灰色；美貌是不重要的。
All good things come to an end. 天下无不散的筵席。
All is vanity. 四大皆空。
All lay loads on a willing horse. 良驹负重担；马善被人骑。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马；行行出壮元。
All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光者未必都是金。
All the winning is in the first buying. 先下手为强。
All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事必先难而后易。
All things are easy that are done willingly. 天下无难事，只怕有心人。
All things in their being are good for something. 天生我才必有用。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作而不玩乐，会使人变得迟钝。
All's fair in love and war. 情场如战场，任何手段皆可行。
All's fish that comes to the net. 进网的无不是鱼；来者不拒。
All's well that ends well. 结局好的就算好。
An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
An old man's sayings are seldom untrue. 不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。
Any port is a good port in a storm. 暴风雨中，任何港口皆是好的避难所。
Anybody can make mistakes. 人非圣贤，熟能无过。
Appearances are deceptive. 外表欺人；勿以貌取人。
Art is long, life is short. 人生短暂，而学问无穹。
As well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. 偷小羊与偷大羊同为绞刑；一不做，二不休。
As you brew, so you must drink. 自作自受。
As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. 自己做事，自己当。
As you sow, so shall you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
Ask no questions and be told no lies. 不问问题就听不到假话；小孩有耳无嘴。
Avoid a questioner, for he is also a tattler. 避免与好探人隐私，搬弄是非之人在一起。
Bad news travels fast. 好事不出门，坏事传千里。
Barking dogs seldom bite. 会叫的狗不会咬人。
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。
Beauty is only skin deep. 美只是表面的；不可以貌取人。
Beggars can't be choosers. 乞丐绝无挑选的权利；有求于人者无权挑剔。
Best is cheapest. 最好的即是最划算的。
Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow. 今日一只鸡蛋胜过明日一支母鸡；把握现在。
Better be a fool than a knave. 宁为傻瓜，不做无赖。
Better be an old man's darling than a young man's slave. 宁为老头的爱人，也不愿成为小伙子的奴隶。
Better be sure than sorry. 宁求安全亦不做可能会陷于险境之事。
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。
Better bend than break. 宁曲勿折；大丈夫能屈能伸。
Better late than never. 晚做总比不做好；亡羊捕牢，未为晚也。
Better master one than engage with ten. 学多不如学精。
Better one eye witness than two hearsay witnesses. 耳闻不如目见。
Better the devil you know than the devil you don't know. 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。
Better to ask the way than go astray. 问道于人总比迷失于途要强。
Between two stools you fall to the ground. 脚踏两条船，迟早会落水。
Birds in their little nests agree. 同巢之鸟相处好；家和万事兴。
Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。
Blessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed. 一无所求者无失望之虞。
Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
Books and friends should be few but good. 书与朋友，贵精而不贵多。
Bread is the staff of life. 民以食为天。
Burn not your house to fright the mouse away. 莫为灭鼠而焚屋；勿小题大作。
Business is business. 公事公办。
Call a spade a spade. 称黑桃为黑桃；有话直说。
Care killed a cat. 烦恼能杀九命猫。
Cast never a clout till May is out. 五月前莫收冬衣；勿操之过急。
Cast not the first stone. 莫丢第一块石头；责人之前先自省。
Catch not at the shadow and lose the substance. 勿舍本逐末。
Catch your bear before you sell its skin. 卖熊皮前先捉熊；凡事宜按部就班，不要过于乐观。
Charity begins at home. 仁爱始于家。
Children should be seen and not heard. 大人说话，小孩别插嘴。
Christmas comes but once a year. 圣诞节一年才一次；好日子不能天天过。
Circumstances alter cases. 此一时，彼一时。
Clothes do not make the man. 衣冠楚楚者，未必就是正人君子。
Coming events cast their shadows before. 即来之事必有先兆。
Comparisons are odious. 人比人，气死人。
Conscience does make cowards of us all. 良心令人不敢为所欲为。
Constant dripping wears away the stone. 滴水可穿石。
Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪。
Cross the stream where it is shallowest. 渡溪当自浅处过。
Custom makes all things easy. 习惯成自然；熟能生巧。
Custom reconciles us to everything. 习惯使人适应一切。
Cut your coat according to your cloth. 量入为出。
Dead men tell no tales. 死人不会泄秘。
Death is the great leveller. 死亡使一切平等。
Deeds, not words. 行动胜于空谈。
Desert and reward seldom keep company. 功与赏绝少结伴而行；赏罚不明乃司空见惯。
Desires are nourished by delays. 渴望越久的就越希望得到。
Desperate diseases must have desperate remedies. 绝症须用烈药医。
Diamond cuts diamond. 势均力敌。
Discontent is the first step in progress. 不满意是进步的开端。
Discretion is the better part of valour. 勇敢贵乎审慎。
Distance lends enchantment to the view. 距离让景色增添魅力。
Do as I say, not as I do. 照我所说的做，别照我所做的来做。
Do as most men do, then most men will speak well of you. 随俗而行，众人称颂。
Do as you would be done by. 己所欲施于人。
Do in Rome as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
Do not cast your pearls before swine. 莫把珍珠丢猪前；莫对牛弹琴。
Do not halloo till you are out of the wood. 未真正脱离险境前，勿作脱险之庆。
Do not kick against the pricks. 勿踢刺棍；勿以卵击石。
Do not put new wine into old bottles. 莫用旧瓶装新酒。
Do not wear out your welcome. 作客不久留；不要使人厌倦对你的欢迎。
Dog does not eat dog. 同类不相残。
Don't change horses in mid-stream. 河中勿换骑；临阵换将非上策。
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. 小鸡未孵出前，数也没用；别打如意算盘。
Don't cross a bridge till you come to it. 勿杞人忧天；船到桥头自然直。
Don't cry before you are hurt. 受伤前先别哭；祸未临头，别先屈服。
Don't cry stinking fish. 不要叫卖臭鱼；别拆自己的台；不要自贬身价。
Don't cut off your nose to spite your face. 不要因意气用事而伤害自己。
Don't cut the bough you are standing on. 勿轻举妄动，自断生路。
Don't empty the baby out with the bath water. 做事勿掉以轻心，把婴儿与洗澡水一起给倒了。
Don't have too many irons in the fire. 勿操之过急。
Don't make a mountain out of a molehill. 勿小题大作。
Don't make a rod for your own back. 勿自讨苦吃。
Don't make yourself a mouse, or the cat will eat you. 勿自贬身价；自辱者，人皆辱之。
Don't meet trouble half-way. 别自找麻烦。
Don't put all your eggs in one basket. 不要把蛋全放在一个篮子里；勿孤注一掷。
Don't put the cart before the horse. 勿本末倒置。
Don't quarrel with your bread and butter. 别跟自己的饭碗过不去。
Don't ride the high horse. 不要摆臭架子；莫趾高气扬。
Don't speak ill of others behind their backs. 不要在背后说人坏话。
Don't take your harp to the party. 别旧调重弹；别对一事喋喋不休。
Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs. 勿班门弄斧。
Don't tell tales out of school. 莫搬弄是非，揭人隐私。
Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。
Dying is as natural as living. 生死由命，富贵在天。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 早睡早起使人健康，富裕与聪明。
Easier said than done. 说比做容易。
East or west, home is best. 金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝。
Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。
Empty vessels make the most sound. 满瓶不会响，半瓶响叮当。
Enough is as good as a feast. 知所节制，适可而止。
Even a worm will turn. 人急悬梁，狗急跳墙。
Even Homer sometimes nods. 智者千虑，必有一失。
Every ass likes to hear himself bray. 马不知脸长，蠢人总是自鸣得意。
Every bullet has its billet. 生死有命，富贵在天。
Every cloud has a silver lining. 黑暗中总有一线光明。
Every cock crows on his own dunghill. 公鸡总在自己草堆上称雄；在家一条龙，出外一条虫。
Every dog has his day. 任何人都有风光的时候。
Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard. 家家有本难念的经。
Every flow must have its ebb. 潮水有涨有退；人生变幻无常。
Every horse thinks its own pack heaviest. 人皆自认工作负担最重。
Every law has a loophole. 每种法律皆有漏洞。
Every man for himself, and the devil take the hindmost. 人不为己，天诛地灭。
Every man has his ill day. 人无千日好。
Every man has his price. 人皆可被收买。
Every man has the defects of his own virtues. 人人皆有其美中不足之处。
Every man is his own worst enemy. 人类最大的敌人是自己。
Every medal has two sides. 每个奖章都有两面；问题皆有正反两面。
Every minute seems like a thousand. 度日如年。
Every oak must be an acorn. 万丈高楼平地起。
Every why has a wherefore. 事出必有因。
Everybody's business is nobody's business. 大家的工作没人做。
Everyone to his taste. 人各有所好。
Everything comes to him who waits. 耐心等待之人，必能如愿以偿。
Everything must have a beginning. 凡事必有开端。
Evil be to him who evil thinks. 存恶念者必遭恶报。
Example is better than precept. 身教重于言教。
Exchange is no robbery. 不公的交换并不算抢劫。
Expectation is better than realization. 期待总比现实美。
Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。
Experience is the teacher of fools. 愚人自经验中获取教训。
Extremes meet. 相对的事情通常是可互通的。
Faint heart never won fair lady. 懦夫难得美人心。
Familiarity breeds contempt. 熟稔易生轻蔑之心。
Fine feathers make fine birds. 佛要金装，人要衣装。
First come, first served. 先到先得。
First impressions are most lasting. 第一个印象是令人最难忘怀的。
First thrive and then wive. 先立业，后成家。
Fling dirt enough and some will stick. 众口可铄金，稽非足成是；人言可畏。
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. 天使皆为之却步而傻瓜确横冲直撞；笨人有愚勇。
Forbidden fruit is sweetest. 禁果最甜。
Forewarned is forearmed. 预先警告可先作防范。
Forgive and forget. 既往不咎，尽释前嫌。
Fortune favours the bold. 幸运之神总是眷雇有勇气尝试的人。
Fortune knocks at least once at every man's gate. 人一生中总有机会降临之时。
Full of courtesy, full of craft. 礼多必诈。
Give a dog a bad name, and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无辞；人言可畏。
Give a lie twenty-four hours' start, and you can never overtake it. 若不及时遏止谎言，将会以讹传讹，被人信以为真。
Give a thief enough rope and he'll hang himself. 多行不义必自弊。
Give and take. 有施必有受。
Give credit where credit is due. 归功于有功者；要有雅量承认他人的优点。
Give one an inch, and one will take a mile. 得寸进尺。
God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
God never shuts one door without opening another. 天无绝人之路。
God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. 上天眷雇弱者。
God's mill grinds slow but sure. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
Good advice is harsh to the ear. 忠言逆耳。
Good company on the road is the shortest cut. 偕伴同行不觉路远。
Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失。
Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
Great oaks from little acorns grow. 参天橡树长自小小橡实；凡事须由基础开始。
Greed has no limits. 人心不足蛇吞象。
Half a loaf is better than no bread. 寥胜于无。
Handsome is as handsome does. 内心漂亮才是真正漂亮。
Harp not for ever on the same string. 莫旧调重弹。
Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。
Haste trips over its own heels. 忙中必有错，欲速则不达。
He cannot speak well that cannot hold his tongue. 祸从口出，言多必失。
He gives twice who gives quickly. 及时帮助效益大。
He is rich that has few wants. 寡欲者容易满足。
He that cannot obey cannot command. 不懂服从的人就没有资格指挥。
He that commits a fault thinks everyone speaks of it. 作贼心虚。
He that fights and runs away may live to fight another day. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
He that has a great nose thinks everybody is speaking of it. 大鼻子的人总怀疑别人在谈论他的鼻子。
He that touches the pitch shall be defiled. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
He travels the fastest who travels alone. 独行者走得最快； 无家累者易发展。
He who begins many things, finishes but few. 事事皆做者将一事无成；虎头蛇尾。
He who denies all confesses all. 欲盖弥彰。
He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. 欲加之罪， 何患无辞。
He who hesitates is lost. 踌躇不前者必定会失败。
He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 怕犯错者必将一事无成。
He who rides a tiger is afraid to dismount. 骑虎难下。
He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom. 万丈高楼平地起。
Health is better than wealth. 健康胜于财富。
History repeats itself. 历史会重演。
Hoist your sail when the wind is fair. 扬帆趁风顺；行事握良机。
Honesty is the best policy. 诚实乃上策。
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望， 作最坏的打算。
I think, therefore I am. 我思故我在。
Idle folk have the least leisure. 懒人少空闲。
If a man deceives me once, shame on him; if he deceives me twice, shame on me. 如果别人骗我一次，可耻的是他；如果我被骗两次，可耻的是我。
If a thing is worth doing it is worth doing well. 值得做的事，就要尽力做。
If at first you don't succeed, try, try, try again. 第一次不成功，就应尝试，尝试，再尝试。
If each would sweep before his own door, we should have a clean city. 若人人皆能保持自家门前的清洁，便能拥有一个干净的城市。
If two men ride on a horse, one must ride behind. 两人共骑一马，就要有人坐后面；一山不容二虎。
If you do not like it you may lump it. 即使你不喜欢它也要忍受它。
If you have no hand, you cannot make a fist. 巧妇难为无米炊。
If you run after two hares you will catch neither. 一心二用将一事无成。
If you want a thing well done, do it yourself. 若想事情做得好，就当自己做。
In for a penny, in for a pound. 一不做，二不休。
In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. 山中无老虎，猴子称大王。
In wine there is truth. 酒后吐真言。
It is as well to know which way the wind blows. 识时务者为俊杰。
It is better to give than to take. 施比受更有福。
It is easier to pull down than to build. 摧毁易于建造；批评易于建议。
It is easy to be wise after the event. 马后炮容易放；不经一事，不长一智。
It is good fishing in troubled waters. 混水好摸鱼。
It is love that makes the world go round. 爱令世界生生不息。
It is never too late to learn. 学不嫌晚；活到老，学到老。
It is the unexpected that always happens. 世事难料。
It never rains but it pours. 屋漏偏逢连夜雨；祸不单行。
It takes all sorts to make a world. 一种米养百种人。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It's never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，未为晚也。
It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
Judge not, that you may not be judged. 不批评别人，就不会遭人批评。
Keep something for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪，以备不时之需。
Kill not the goose that lays the golden eggs. 勿杀鸡取卵。
Kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鸟。
Know your own faults before blaming others for theirs. 责人之前先责己。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
Laugh and grow fat. 心宽则体胖。
Learn to walk before you run. 学跑之前先学走；凡事应由浅入深，循序渐进。
Let bygones be bygones. 过去的就让它过去。
Let not the sun go down on your wrath. 勿留宿怨。
Let sleeping dogs lie. 勿惹事生非。
Liars should have good memories. 说谎的人应该要有好记性。
Life is not all beer and skittles. 人生并非只是吃喝玩乐。
Life is short and time is swift. 人生苦短，光阴易逝。
Life is sweet. 生命是美好的。
Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。
Like will to like. 臭味相投；物以类聚。
Little by little and bit by bit. 积少成多，积沙成塔。
Little money, few friends. 钱少朋友少。
Live and learn. 学无止境。
Live and let live. 自己活着，也让别人活着。
Live not to eat, but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃，而吃是为了活着。
Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
Lookers-on see most of the game. 旁观者清。
Love is blind. 爱情是盲目的。
Love me, love my family. 爱屋及乌。
Love will find a way. 真情所至，金石为开。
Make haste slowly. 欲速则不达。
Make hay while the sun shines. 把握良机。
Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。
Many a little makes a mickle. 积少成多。
Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。
Marriage is a lottery. 婚姻靠运气。
Marriages are made in heaven. 姻缘天注定。
Marry in haste, and repent at leisure. 匆匆结婚必将后悔。
Men are blind in their own cause. 当局者迷。
Men are known by the company they keep. 观其友而知其人。
Men are not to be measured in inches. 人的伟大与否并非取决于身高。
Might is right. 强权即公理。
Mind your own business. 少管闲事。
Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行。
Moderation in all things. 凡事中庸而行。
Money begets money. 财能生财。
Money talks. 有钱能使鬼推磨。
More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。
More than enough is too much. 凡事宜适可而止。
Murder will out. 若要人不知，除非己莫为。
Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明之母。
Necessity knows no law. 急需之下难雇法律。
Never ask pardon before you are accused. 绝不要不打自招。
Never do things by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。
Never judge by appearances. 不可以貌取人。
Never make threats you cannot carry out. 莫虚张声势。
Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事，今日毕。
Never say die. 永不气馁。
No cross, no crown. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。
No gain without pain. 天下无不劳而获的事。
No man can serve two masters. 一仆难侍二主。
No man is content with his lot. 无人满意自身的命运和境遇。
No man is infallible. 天下无完人；人非圣贤，熟能无过。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Nothing is as good as it seems beforehand. 世事总不如预料中的好。
Nothing is more precious than peace. 没有比和平更珍贵的东西了。
Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Of two evils choose the lesser. 两害相权取其轻。
Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
One cannot put back the clock. 人无法让时间倒流。
One good turn deserves another. 以德报德，以恩报恩。
One lie makes many. 说一谎需百谎圆。
One man's meat is another man's poison. 人各有所好。
One swallow does not make a summer. 独燕不成夏；不能单凭一个例子而下定论。
Opportunity seldom knocks twice. 机会很少敲两次门，机会难逢。
Out of sight, out of mind. 久别情疏。
Paddle your own canoe. 自力更生。
Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德。
Pay somebody back in his own coin. 以其人之道，还治其人之身。
Pleasant hours fly fast. 欢乐时光总是过得特别快。
Poverty is the mother of crime. 贫穷为罪恶之母。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。
Pride goes before fall. 骄兵必败。
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天造成的。
Saying is one thing and doing is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
Searching for a needle in a haystack. 大海捞针。
Second thoughts are best. 三思而后行。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实；百闻不如一见。
Self-praise is no recommendation. 自己说好不算好。
Silence gives consent. 沉默表示同意。
Silence is golden. 沉默是金。
Spare the rod and spoil the child. 不打不成器。
Start off with a bang and end with a whimper. 虎头蛇尾。
Still waters run deep. 水深流静；大智若愚。
Strike while the iron is hot. 打铁趁热。
Take things as they come. 随遇而安。
Talk of the devil and he's sure to appear. 说曹操，曹操就到。
Tall trees catch much wind. 树大招风。
The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest. 别人的东西总比自己的要好。
The bait hides the hook. 耳中藏钩；笑里藏刀。
The beaten road is the safest. 众人常走之路最安全。
The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼总在水底游；好酒沉瓮底；珍贵的东西不易得。
The best of friends must part. 最好的朋友亦终须一别。
The biter is sometimes bit. 骗子有时反被骗。
The bull must be taken by the horns. 捉牛须先捉牛角；勇于面对困难。
The child is father of the man. 由小见大；江山易改，本性难移。
The course of true love never did run smooth. 爱情之路多坎坷。
The darkest hour is that before the dawn. 黎明之前是最黑暗的时刻，否极泰来。
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. 魔鬼为达目的不惜引用圣经。
The devil finds work for idle hands to do. 魔鬼专找游手好闲者；无所事事者易作恶。
The devil is not so black as he is painted. 魔鬼并非如描绘的那样黑。
The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟有虫吃。
The end justifies the means. 为达目地，不择手段。
The exception proves the rule. 例外证明了规则的存在。
The fairest rose is at last withered. 最美的玫瑰也终会凋谢；花无百日红。
The first blow is half the battle. 先下手为强。
The gods send nuts to those who have no teeth. 事与愿违，造化弄人。
The grapes are sour. 吃不到的葡萄是酸的。
The greatest talkers are the least doers. 多言者少做事。
The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. 推动摇篮的手可支配世界；母亲抚养孩子在未来掌管世界。
The highest branch is not the safest roost. 高枝非安全之所；爬得越高，摔得越重。
The longest day must have an end. 长日漫漫终须尽；否极泰来。
The love of money is the root of all evil. 贪财乃是万恶之起源。
The mills of God grind slowly. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
The more you have, the more you want. 拥有的越多就要求得越多。
The pen is mightier than the sword. 笔诛胜于剑伐；文胜于武。
The pot calls the kettle black. 五十步笑百步。
The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。
(意志是坚定的，肉体是软弱的，说明人经不起诱惑)
The tailor makes the man. 人靠衣装，佛靠金装。
The truth will out. 真相终将大白。
The world is much the same everywhere. 天下乌鸦一般黑。
There are tricks in every trade. 每一行业皆有其窍门。
There are two sides to every question. 每一个问题都有两面。
There is a black sheep in every flock. 每个群体之中，总有害群之马。
There is a witness everywhere. 若要人不知，除非己莫为。
There is honour among thieves. 盗亦有道。
There is no disputing about tastes. 人的喜恶不一。
There is no royal road to learning. 求学无捷径。
There is no satiety in study. 学无止境。
There is no smoke without fire. 无火不起烟；无风不起浪。
There is nothing new under the sun. 太阳底下无新事。
There is nothing permanent except change. 变幻才是永恒。
There is nothing that costs less than civility. 世上没有比谦恭更便宜的东西了；礼多人不怪。
There is safety in numbers. 人多则无患。
There's no place like home. 在家千日好。
They brag most who can do least. 吹嘘最多的人能做到的事最少。
Things are seldom what they seem. 事物极少如其外表。
Think not on what you lack as much as on what you have. 少想你所缺乏的，多想你所拥有的；知足常乐。
Those whom the gods love die young. 好人不长寿。
Throw out a minnow to catch a whale. 以小博大；抛砖引玉。
Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不饶人。
Time flies. 光阴似箭。
Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
Time is the great healer. 时间是最好的治疗者。
Times change. 时代在变。
To err is human. 孰能无过。
Tomorrow is another day. 明天又是新的开始。
Tomorrow never comes. 明天永不再来。
Too many cooks spoil the broth. 人多坏事。
Two blacks do not make a white. 两黑不能合成一白；积非不能成是。
Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
Two halves make a whole. 两个一半成为整个。
Two heads are better than one. 两个脑袋比一个脑袋强；集思广益。
Two of a trade can never agree. 同行相嫉。
Two wrongs do not make a right. 积非不能成是。
Union is strength. 团结就是力量。
Variety is the spice of life. 变化乃是生活的情趣。
Virtue is its own reward. 施恩莫望报。
Wake not a sleeping lion. 别自找麻烦。
Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。
Water far off will not quench a fire near at hand. 远水救不了近火。
Well begun is half done. 好的开始是成功的一半。
What is one man's meat is another man's poison. 人各有所好。
What must be must be. 是福不是祸，是祸躲不过；事实就是事实。
What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。
When the cat is away, the mice will play. 阎王不在，小鬼翻天。
Where there's a will there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
While there is life there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools by their own. 聪明人从别人的错误中学习；笨人则从自己的错误中记取教训。
Words cut more than swords. 话比剑更伤人。
Work while you work, play while you play. 工作的时候工作，游戏的时候游戏。
You can't have your cake and eat it. 鱼与熊掌无法兼得。
You cannot burn the candle at both ends. 不可过份透支体力。
You cannot catch old birds with chaff. 你无法用谷壳捕到老鸟；姜是老的辣。
You cannot have it both ways. 你不可能两面讨好。
You cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs. 要做蛋卷就得打破鸡蛋；天下没有白吃的午餐。
You cannot make bricks without straw. 巧妇难为无米炊。
You cannot teach an old dog new tricks. 老狗学不了新把戏。
You may know by a handful the whole sack. 见一把就知整袋；一页知秋。
You never know what you can do till you try. 你不尝试就永远不知道自己能做些什么。
No pains, no gains. 不花力气，岂能成事。
Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
No rule without an exception. 规律皆有例外。
False friends are worse than open enemies. 虚伪的朋友比公开的敌人还要坏。
True gold fears not the fire. 真金不怕火。
Force can never destroy right. 武力不能摧灭正义。
From saving comes having. 勤俭出财富。
One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑的最后，笑的最好。
Brevity is the soul of wit. 言以简捷为贵。
The best mirror is an old friend. 老友乃是最好的镜子。
After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. 午饭后要座，晚饭后要走。
Waste not, want not. 不浪费，不愁缺。
No sweet without some sweat. 不流汗就没有幸福。
Handsome is that handsome does. 作的漂亮才是真漂亮

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

作者：发烧2000

来源：太傻网



1.     Both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists. 嵌套的从句

2.     Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder.

3.     Simply put, without specialists, our society would find itself bogged down in the Sargasso sea of information overload. 体会插入语的节奏感

4.     Education is one if the key words of our time. A man without an education, many us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.  比喻的运用

5.     Convinced of the importance of education, modern states ‘invest’ in institutions of learning to get back ‘interest’ in the form of a large group of enlightened young man and women who are potential leaders.  这个invest is perfect here!!

6.     Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully work out, punctuated by text-books --- whose purchasable wells of wisdom --- what would civilization be like without its benefits?  从插入语到意思的一层层递进

7.     We would lay less stress on ‘facts and figures’ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens.

8.     primitive cultures 原始文化   ；spiritual outlook 精神面貌；

9.     In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.

10. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the ‘happy few’ during the past century.

11. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.

12. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality.

13. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to ‘buy’ an education for his children.

14. practical experience of …亲身经历。 e.g. sb. have practical experience of noise

15. On the other hand those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society.

16. One allegation often made is that noise produce mental illness.

17. Now the snag of this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect.

18. It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive.

19. This is a skeptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has been weaken, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of the medicine remains the same as theirs.

20. In most parts of the world, the relationship between population and resources is already unfavorable and will probably become even more unfavorable in the future.

21. This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.

22. An unfavorable relationship between numbers and resources tends to make the earning of a living almost intolerable difficult.

23. Labor is more abundant than goods, and the individual is compelled to work long hours for little pay.

24. Moreover, in any country where population presses hard upon the nature resources, the general economic situation is apt to be so precarious that government control of capital and labor, production and consumption, becomes inevitable.

25. It is always wiser and saver to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

26. In Britain, Calder Hall on the cast of Cumberland first made its contribution to the National Electricity grid in 1957.

27. Atomic power is associated in the public mind with the destructive force of atom bombs and partly for this reason, though it is claimed that there is no danger to be associated with atomic power stations, they are being sited away from popular centers.

28. The present position is that …

29.  By way of contrast, …    ； for the purpose of …

30. We sometimes refer to electricity, gas or patrol as if they were the actual source of power, forgetting that electricity must be generated by the consumption of coal or oil or by the utilization of water power.

31. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resource that could be used to developing the country.

1.     This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.

2.     Such administrative overhead in a business is analogous to the cost of government in a nation.

3.     If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.

4.     It is precisely the same with a nation.

5.     A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.

6.     we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance …

7.     differ (little) from person to person

8.     so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty

9.     , like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes.

10. But a watch could never repair itself --- it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction.

11. After millennia of growth so slow that each generation hardly noticed it, the cities are suddenly racing off in every direction.

12. There is no reason to believe that this pace will slacken.

13. swallow up … 淹没 e.g. As technology gradually swallows up all forms of work, …

14. This enormous increase will go ahead whatever we do, and we have to remember that the new cities devour space.

15. The car also has a curious ambivalence: it creates and then it destroys mobility.

16. This combination of very high density of population, goods and services, and machines, all increasing with almost brutal speed, does account for some really antisocial tendencies in modern urban growth.

17. He knows that if they trust him, he can give them the happiness which they carve.

18. But the plight of the world compels his unwilling attention, and when he sees that human stupidity and greed are about to plunge Europe into chaos and destroy the most glorious civilization which the world has known.

19. All the same, the balloon has much to be said in its favor, since it can at least carry heavy equipment above most of the atmospheric mass --- thus eliminating blurring and unsteadiness of the image.

20. Yet there is little resemblance between these crude vehicles and a modern scientific balloon, which has by now became a importance research tool.

21. In mediaeval times river were the veins of the body politic as well as economic.

22. Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle.

23. This is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant, and its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets.

24. Custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.

25.  As a matter of fact it is the other way around.

26. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.

27. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.

28. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.

29. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization.

30. Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented.

31. Now, for the first time, man can reasonably begin to think that life can be something more than a grim struggle for survival.

32. Yet, in the West, science and technology have made it possible for us to have a plentiful supply of food, produced by only a fraction of the labor that was necessary even a few decades ago

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2006-1-18 16:07 编辑 ]

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新东方背诵 50篇  

来源：新东方



01 The Language of Music
A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.  

Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.

Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.



02 Schooling and Education
It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.

Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.


03 The Definition of “Price”
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.

If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.


04 Electricity
The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.

Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.

The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.


05 The Beginning of Drama
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.


06 Television
Television-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.

The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.

Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.

The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.

Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.


07 Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.

Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced," he often said.

Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.

Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.


08 American Revolution
The American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.



09 Suburbanization
If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.

With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.


10 Types of Speech
Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2006-1-18 17:13 编辑 ]

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