“给父母养老”怎么翻译啊？

zehuaUID: 199246

不好意思。我是说TWE 80。准备写这个话题。

zheng800UID: 174450

sibling piety
范文看的，也不知对不对
８０很难，放弃

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

原帖由 zehua 于 2006-1-12 21:28 发表
不好意思。我是说TWE 80。准备写这个话题。

欧洲开始向养老金体系开刀
First steps towards reform for Europe's creaking pension system


欧洲国家政府正面临日益强大的压力，消除它们一致认为正在形成的世纪病，即欧洲大陆人口老龄化，慷慨的国家福利和养老金体系的可持续性问题。
European governments are facing growing pressure to resolve what they all agree is becoming the "mal du siecle": the ageing of the continent's population and the sustainability of generous state welfare and pension systems.

经过多年讨论，法国政府终于在8月假期前通过了国家养老金体系改革方案。政府曾警告说，如果不改革，再过20到40年，法国的养老金体系有崩溃的危险。
After years of consultation, the French government finally pushed through before the August holidays a reform of the state pension system, which it warned was at risk of collapse in 20 to 40 years' time.

本周，轮到德国和意大利政府公布计划，他们劝说公众延长工作年限，以避免让不断减少的劳动人口来养活日益增多的老年人。
This week, it was the turn of Germany and Italy to unveil proposals to persuade people to work longer to avoid a dwindling working population having to support an ever increasing number of elderly people.

在欧洲国家中，法国、德国、意大利和西班牙的养老金体系在可持续性问题上面临的挑战最为严峻。欧洲统计局（Eurostat）推算，到本世纪中叶，这些国家65岁以上的人口，要比15至64岁的劳动人口多50%以上，因为人们的退休在提前，寿命在延长，而出生率却在下降。
France, Germany, Italy, as well as Spain, are the European countries facing the most severe challenges to the sustainability of their pension systems. Eurostat, the European statistics agency, calculates that by the middle of the century these countries will have 50 per cent more people over 65 compared with the working age population of 15 to 64 years olds. The problem is that people have been retiring earlier, living much longer and producing fewer babies.

米兰博科尼大学（Bocconi University）经济学教授蒂托•伯里说：某些事情终于发生了。但要说我们终于到了转折点，却为时太早。
"Something is finally happening", says Tito Boeri, a professor of economics at Milan's Bocconi university. "But to say we have finally reached a turning point is going too far."

德国和意大利的最新建议已在两国执政联盟内部引发分歧，并遭到工会的反对。法国政府已经将最初的改革计划作了温和处理，以避免大规模街头抗议的发生。1997年，上届右翼政府就是被这样的抗议搞垮台的。
The latest German and Italian proposals have already provoked divisions within the two countries' governing coalitions and opposition from the labour unions. The French government watered down its original reform plans to avoid the risk of mass street protests that brought down a previous right-wing government in 1997.

经济合作与发展组织（Organisation for Economic Cooperation）最近在一份关于法国的报告中承认，该国的改革迈出了第一步。但它也警告说：现有体系资金缺乏严重，即使作最乐观的估计，该改革计划也只能填补该体系短缺资金的三分之一多一点。
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation acknowledges that the French reform is a "first step" in its latest report on the country. But it warns that "even at their most ambitious, current proposals only seek to address somewhat more than one third of the system's underfunding".

在法国改革计划中，政府决定建立统一的体系，以确保公共和私营部门雇员将享受同等待遇，这是计划中最重要的部分。目前，公共部门雇员占法国工人的四分之一左右，他们的养老金缴款年限为37年半，而不是40年。根据工作性质不同，他们可以55岁，甚至50岁退休，而私营部门则要求60岁。从现在到2008年，公共部门雇员的养老金缴款年限也必须是40年。到2012年，私营和公共部门雇员的缴款年限必须达到41年，才能充分享有养老金的权利。到2020年，这将增加到42年。
The most significant part of the French reform was the decision to establish a uniform system whereby public sector and private employees will now receive the same treatment. Public employees account for about one out of every four French workers. They pay contributions for 37 and a half years instead of 40. Depending on their jobs they can retire at 55, even at 50, instead of 60 in the private sector. Between now and 2008, public employees will also have to pay contributions for 40 years. By 2012 private and public sector workers will have to pay 41 years contributions to attain full pension rights. This will rise to 42 years by 2020.

法国政府还试图鼓励人们延长工作年限。但法国同意大利和德国一样，还有一些势力支持提前退休，特别是在产业重组和失业率高企的时候。这些势力是由雇主、劳动力市场分析师和政客们组成的强大联盟。
The government is also seeking to induce people to work longer. But there remains in France - just as in Italy and Germany - a powerful coalition of employers, labour market analysts and politicians who favour early retirement especially at a time of industrial restructuring and high unemployment.

不过，法国政府日益认识到，鼓励人们提前退休对于减少失业作用不大。在养老金改革中，它们一直试图消除鼓励人们提前退休的动因。然而，正如经合组织所说，这一问题的关键不在于如何消除鼓励因素，而在于如何修改税收和福利体系。这样，那些过了退休年龄仍希望工作的人，才不会因此吃亏。
Governments have, however, increasingly realised that early retirement programmes have proved ineffe ctive in reducing unemployment. They have sought to remove early retirement incentives in their pension reforms. But, as the OECD notes, the issue is not so much how to reduce these incentives but how to revise the tax and benefit system so that individuals who wish to continue working past retirement age can do so without being penalised.

德国和意大利最新的改革计划试图完善以前的养老金改革方案，从而全面解决遗留问题。德国于2001年进行了首次改革，推出了私人养老基金体系。可迄今为止，这一改革仍是失败的，因为在8200万人口中，只有280万参加了私人养老金计划。现在有人建议，把有资格领取养老金的年龄从65岁提高到67岁。
The latest German and Italian proposals are attempts to complete earlier pension reforms that have fallen short of fully addressing the issue. Germany launched a first reform in 2001, introducing a system of private pension funds. But this has so far proved a failure with only 2.8m people out of a population of 82m subscribing to private schemes. Now there are proposals to increase the pensionable age from 65 to 67.

20世纪90年代，意大利进行了3项改革尝试。最重要的是制定了一项原则，提出养老金的领取标准应该以工人实际缴纳的款项为准。现在，贝卢斯科尼政府希望，把有资格领取养老金的年龄从57岁提高到60岁，并把全额享受养老金的缴款年限从35年增加到40年。
Italy had three cracks at reform during the 1990s. The most significant has been the introduction of the principle that pensions should be based on contributions paid by workers. The Berlusconi government now wants to increase both the pensionable age from 57 to 60 and the years of contribution to receive a full pension from 35 to 40 years.

养老金问题还只是冰山一角。随着老欧洲的人口老龄化，早已是勉力支撑的公共卫生体系背负的压力日益沉重。现在看来，法国、意大利和德国都已勉强承认，如果他们的养老金体系还想继续存在下去，改革是必由之路。但它们还没有就整个福利和卫生体系进行更广泛的改革作好准备。
Pensions are only part of the overall problem. As old Europe's population ages, the pressures are continuing to increase on heavily stretched public health systems. The French, Italians and Germans all now appear to have grudgingly accepted that pension reform is inevitable if their systems are to survive. But they are still not ready to accept a broader reform of their entire welfare and health systems.

最终，或许它们不得不这样做。今年夏天法国医院的危机，以及8月的两周热浪造成万名老人死亡等事件，都可能是预警信号。
Ultimately they may have to. The crisis in French hospitals this summer, and the death of 10,000 elderly people during the two-week August heat wave, could be an early warning signal.

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

say what you want to say and write down your thoughts in the way you felt nature.....
Never try to translate your thoughts from Chinese to English.... most of the time, only Chinglishs were made.

ok, let me see your question:
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view? ... 1&age=0#1117409

edonUID: 2145697

我的天哪！楼上的找了那么多材料？！写作文都用这个的吗？

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

原帖由 edon 于 2006-1-12 22:10 发表
我的天哪！楼上的找了那么多材料？！写作文都用这个的吗？

没，我顺手找的。我自己是准备裸考的:L:L:L:L

猪长老UID: 2145948

80题是比较郁闷的一题

streamfieldUID: 188395

support my family 就可以了吧，或者let my parents live a comfortable life,没必要直译吧。

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

http://www.cei.gov.cn/login.aspx ... %2f200309026747.xml