Argument220

Tomas007UID: 2107663

TOPIC: ARGUMENT220 - The following appeared in an article in a magazine for writers.

"A recent study showed that in describing a typical day's conversation, people make an average of 23 references to watching television and only 1 reference to reading fiction. This result suggests that, compared with the television industry, the publishing and bookselling industries are likely to decline in profitability. Therefore, people who wish to have careers as writers should acquire training and experience in writing for television rather than for print media."
WORDS: 305          TIME: 0:30:00          DATE: 2006-7-5

From a single study report on a typical day's conversation, the author simply concluded the decline of print media, and then suggested writers turn to writing for television rather than print industries.

The role of such a study has been overemphasized that may lead to some deadly faults. First, from the single reference number, not matter 23 cases or 1 case, we can hardly find out any meaningful evidence for less impacts of print industries and their decline. There are so many questions boring us: how such investigation is helding, is the invested cases large enough to guarantee the validity of such study?

Secondly, even if the investigation is logical, the straight conclusion we can maintain is the average frequency of people's focus on both media, rather the decline of print industries. In other word, in case of lacking investigation data of different periods, such conclusion makes an unnecessary casual relationship between the study result and the decline of print media. There are dozens of reasons for such result: maybe it happens to be such time for FIFA or other events that almost everyone focus on it thorough the immediate media-- television; even it is the actual percentage that print media take part in our human beings' life, which means nothing to the decline situation.

Furthermore, it is also unnecessary casual conclusion to suggest writers to change their careers and turn to television writings. Everybody has his or her own career goals, which depends on their interests, backgrounds, their education situation and the like. The increasing or decline situation of one industry may be one aspect that affect their decision, but not the crucial （决定性的） one. And even in case of decline situation of print media, it means a greater opportunity to success.

In consequence, before the final conclusion and suggestion, there are lots of facts needing further consideration.

Tomas007UID: 2107663

59. "Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."
TS: Due to the thousands of situation in different growth backgrounds, dissimilar education levels, unidentified emotions and spirits, people should consider facts they are facing and then make proper choices, rather than obey the rules or orders from some of role models.
1.        The vast kinds of situation and condition we are facing drive people to choose a much more suitable strategy for them, rather the one shown by some great men or printed in certain textbooks. 航海员，面临机器损坏，坏天气，迷失方向，不大可能有现成的课本或者成功人士的先例，要安全返航，只有做出最稳妥的决定，这一决定depend on当时的海况，天气预报，对方向的判断。
2.        Thousands of backgrounds, education levels, emotions, spirits(信仰), which are of course different among civilians and great men, also play a essential role while making choices.理论论证emotion, spirits对人采取策略的重大影响，麦克阿瑟（Douglas Mac Arthur），从来以胆大著称，他采取的仁川登陆战（Inchon Landing）堪称经典，他的这一决定没有先例可以借鉴，影响最多的只有他的个性和勇气。
3.        There are plenty of disadvantages while considering everything according to the role models’ mode.
4.        What we should learn from the models is their great characters, from honesty, fidelity to our friends and motherland, and the eager for success, which are such essences make those models win.

141. "Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity."

There is no conflict or contradiction between the satisfaction of individual benefits and the conformity.

1.        The realization of most individual interests will improve the conformity and then advance the whole personal economy.

2.        In another hand, the success in conformity and then in personal economic success would greatly accelerate the realization of individual interests.

3.        Even though there is some small or tiny conflicts between both, they would be just the temporary ones and there must be some ways to consider both aspects fully and solve it completely.


190. "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate--and, perhaps, even cruel--when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
Negative
The definition of arts: the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects
Food feed people and give them power and energy for work, while arts endow them with the bravery and the confidence to success. Music in World War II

Currently, without the threatening of war, people also need the arts as a power source for their spirits.

Arts, including education are able to bring people with skills, knowledge and technologies, which could help them survive forever. It could not be acquire from any objects, even millions of dollars.
  

142. "The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority."
Positive
The criticism is such a great source that drive the society try to identify and solve problems.

Society with lots of question authority means the adequate democracy in this society, which is the essential thing next to none.

The activity of question authority is just the beginning and the prerequisite(先决条件)for the enhance of the society. Next in importance is the 谦虚modesty
216The following appeared in a magazine article about planning for retirement.
"Because of its spectacular natural beauty and consistent climate, Clearview should be a top choice for anyone seeking a place to retire. As a bonus, housing costs in Clearview have fallen significantly during the past year, and real estate taxes remain lower than those in neighboring towns. Nevertheless, Clearview's mayor promises many new programs to improve schools, streets, and public services. Retirees in Clearview can also expect excellent health care as they grow older, since the number of physicians in the area is far greater than the national average."
1.        Despite the natural beauty and consistent climate, there are lots of aspects needed consideration before assuring the top choice for retirement.
2.        There are not direct relationship between the benefit of retirees and the financial situation in Clearview. (house cost)
3.        The great number of physicians do not necessarily mean the higher health level. Other factors: medical equipments, hospital, the medical insurance system

71Copper occurs in nature mixed with other minerals and valuable metals in ore, and the proportion of copper in the ore can vary considerably. Until fairly recently, the only way to extract pure copper from ore was by using a process that requires large amounts of electric energy, especially if the proportion of copper in the ore is low. New copper-extracting technologies can use up to 40 percent less electricity than the older method to process the same amount of raw ore, especially when the proportion of copper in the ore is high. Therefore, we can expect the amount of electricity used by the copper-extraction industry to decline significantly.
1.        新技术是否足够成熟，其它方面是否有劣势，如环境污染，其它mineral的同时开采利用率高低；
2.        The high electricity saving in high proportion of copper do not mean the similar advantages in low copper proportion ore.
3.        The cost


67The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a newspaper serving the villages of Castorville and Polluxton.
"Both the villages of Castorville and Polluxton have experienced sharp declines in the numbers of residents who pay property taxes. To save money and improve service, the two villages recently merged their once separate garbage collection departments into a single department located in Castorville, and the new department has reported few complaints about its service. Last year the library in Polluxton had 20 percent fewer users than during the previous year. It follows that we should now further economize and improve service, as we did with garbage collection, by closing the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville to serve both villages."
There are vastly different aspects between garbage collection service and library. Consequently, the way to economize and improve service should not be the same and the single one.
Few complaints from the new department do not mean the well-being service.

The single aspect of fewer users in the library in Polluxton should not be the merely reason to close it rather the one in Castorville.

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