[真题与考试联系] GRE类反精解讨论 NO6-1 [复制链接]

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电梯直达

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发表于 2006-9-19 12:57:32 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

NO.6-1

Section 1

8. NURTURE:CHILD:: 养育：孩子 (动宾关系)
(A) cultivate:crop 耕种(教化，培养)：庄稼
(B) quench:fire 熄灭(压制)：火
(C) marvel:infant 惊叹(非凡人物.)：婴儿
(D) secure:possession 得到(吸引住v.;安全的adj.)：拥有
(E) delimit:obligation 划界：义务责任(恩义)
[分析]
题目及A选项都是养育，抚养的关系。

9. SAW:CARPENTER:: 锯子：木匠 (工具及使用对象)
(A) brush:painter 画笔：画家
(B) typewriter:author 打字机：作者
(C) trowel:bricklayer 泥刀：砌砖工
(D) wagon:farmer 车：农夫
(E) scissors:tailor 剪刀：裁缝
[分析]
属于工具以及使用人物，同时第二层对应是切割动作，因此答案与题目都是剪裁切割的关系。

10. EPTAPH:TOMBSTONE:: 墓志铭：墓碑 (前者是刻在后者上的字)
(A) pedestal:statue 基座：雕像
(B) prologue:play 序幕，开场白：剧
(C) melody:song 旋律：歌曲
(D) salutation:letter 敬称，信开头：信
(E) motto:shield 座右铭：盾
[分析]
题目是墓志铭刻在墓碑上，有一层雕刻关系，可与之对应的是座右铭刻在盾上面；同时在选项的左边同属于警示语言；其他选项为组成关系，或其他。

11. SIMPER:SMILE:: 傻笑，假笑：笑 (非正常与正常的关系)
(A) babble:talk 胡言乱语：说话
(B) thought:blank 思想：抹掉，取消
(C) look:espy 看：窥探，看
(D) leer:ogle 斜眼看：送秋波，媚眼
(E) wink:eye 眨眼：使眼色
[词义]
simper v.n. 傻笑
intransitive verb : to smile in a silly manner
transitive verb : to say with a simper  *simpered an apology*
noun : a silly smile  : SMIRK
babble v.n. 说蠢话; 牙牙学语
intransitive verb
1 a : to talk enthusiastically or excessively  b : to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds
2 : to make sounds as though babbling
transitive verb
1 : to utter in an incoherently or meaninglessly repetitious manner
2 : to reveal by talk that is too free
[分析]
simper和babble都是无意义、胡乱的状态，和正常形式的后者形成对比。从另一个角度，也可以看成类属关系，前者是后者的异常形式。另外，根据类比的词性推断，这里选项右边都是动词词性，名词应考虑相应变换。

12. EGG:CHICKEN:: 鸡蛋：鸡 (动物及其产的卵)
(A) pearl:oyster 珍珠：牡蛎
(B) roe:salmon 鱼卵：鲑鱼
(C) shell:clam 贝壳：蚌
(D) skin:shark 皮肤：鲨鱼
(E) tusk:walrus 象牙：海象
[分析]
题目是动物与其卵的关系；选项单词全部为名词，在认得情况下，比较容易选择。

13. GLIMMER:DAZZLE:: 发微光：闪耀，晃眼 (程度关系)
(A) delineate:disclaim 勾画(叙述描写)：放弃(否认)
(B) recede:abandon 后退：放弃(放纵)
(C) recite:harangue 背诵：长篇大论之演说(叱责)
(D) muse:reflect 沉思默想：思考(反射)
(E) murmur:resound 咕哝地说：回响
[词义]
glimmer v. 发微光; n.摇曳的微光
1 a : to shine faintly or unsteadily  b : to give off a subdued unsteady reflection
2 : to appear indistinctly with a faintly luminous quality
synonyms see FLASH
dazzle v. 使眼花缭乱
intransitive verb
1 : to lose clear vision especially from looking at bright light
2 a : to shine brilliantly  b : to arouse admiration by an impressive display
transitive verb
1 : to overpower with light
2 : to impress deeply, overpower, or confound with brilliance  *dazzled us with her wit*
harangue n.v. [贬]长篇演说
n.
1 : a speech addressed to a public assembly
2 : a ranting speech or writing
3 : LECTURE
intransitive verb : to make a harangue  : DECLAIM
transitive verb : to address in a harangue  *haranguing me...on the folly of my ways — Jay Jacobs*
reflect v. 反射; 仔细考虑
transitive verb
1 archaic : to turn into or away from a course  : DEFLECT
2 : to prevent passage of and cause to change direction  *a mirror reflects light*
3 : to bend or fold back
4 : to give back or exhibit as an image, likeness, or outline  : MIRROR  *the clouds were reflected in the water*
5 : to bring or cast as a result  *his attitude reflects little credit on his judgment*
6 : to make manifest or apparent  : SHOW  *the painting reflects his artistic vision*  *the pulse reflects the condition of the heart*
7 : REALIZE, CONSIDER
intransitive verb
1 : to throw back light or sound
2 a : to think quietly and calmly  b : to express a thought or opinion resulting from reflection
3 a : to tend to bring reproach or discredit  *an investigation that reflects on all the members of the department*  b : to bring about a specified appearance or characterization  *an act which reflects well on her*  c : to have a bearing or influence
synonyms see THINK
resound v. 回荡着声音;鸣响
intransitive verb
1 : to become filled with sound  : REVERBERATE
2 a : to sound loudly  *the gunshot resounded*  b : to produce a sonorous or echoing sound
3 : to become renowned
transitive verb
1 : to extol loudly or widely  : CELEBRATE
2 : ECHO, REVERBERATE
3 : to sound or utter in full resonant tones
[分析]
题目考察同义词的程度关系，题目为发光程度相比；从光对声音角度，答案选择声音正确，同时意义也是对应的；另外对于reflect的意义，这里选择了思考，是尽可能与题目对应，形成“干扰”选项，尽管如此，D的关系不是程度对应。

14.RESCIND:LAW:: 废除，废止：法律 (废除关系)
(A) postpone:performance 推迟：表演
(B) withdraw:candidacy 取消，撤销：候选资格
(C) default:debt 拖欠：债务
(D) demote:hierarchy 降职：等级制度
(E) retire:position 退休：职位
[词义]
rescind v. 废除, 取消
1 : to take away  : REMOVE
2 a : TAKE BACK, CANCEL  *refused to rescind the order*  b : to abrogate (a contract) and restore the parties to the positions they would have occupied had there been no contract
3 : to make void (as an act) by action of the enacting authority or a superior authority  : REPEAL
default v.n. 拖债, 未履行的责任
n.
1 : failure to do something required by duty or law  : NEGLECT
2 archaic : FAULT
3 : a failure to pay financial debts
4 a : failure to appear at the required time in a legal proceeding  b : failure to compete in or to finish an appointed contest  *lost the game by default*
5 a : a selection made usually automatically or without active consideration due to lack of a viable alternative  *remained the club's president by default*  b : a selection automatically used by a computer program in the absence of a choice made by the user
   –in default of : in the absence of
intransitive verb
1 : to fail to fulfill a contract, agreement, or duty: as  a : to fail to meet a financial obligation  *default on a loan*  b : to fail to appear in court  c : to fail to compete in or to finish an appointed contest;  also : to forfeit a contest by such failure
2 : to make a default selection  *the program defaults to a standard font*
transitive verb
1 : to fail to perform, pay, or make good
2 a : FORFEIT  b : to exclude (a player or a team) from a contest by default
demote v. 降级, 降职
1 : to reduce to a lower grade or rank
2 : to relegate to a less important position
[分析]
消除关系，前者行为动作使后者中止或失去作用，前者与后者的动作主体不一致。E选项retire与position的动作主体是相同的，retire是主动性放弃。

15. ENTANGLE:INVOLVE:: 使纠缠：使卷入 (褒贬程度关系)
(A) caution:fear 谨慎小心：害怕
(B) compel:force 迫使：强制
(C) grill:question 严厉盘问：询问
(D) replicate:copy 复制：复制
(E) waver:adhere(to) 动摇：坚持
[词义]
entangle v. 使纠缠, 卷入
1 a : to wrap or twist together  : INTERWEAVE  b : ENSNARE
2 a : to involve in a perplexing or troublesome situation  *became entangled in a lawsuit*  b : to make complicated  *the story is entangled with legends*
grill v. 烤; 拷问; n.烤架
v.
1 : to broil on a grill;  also : to fry or toast on a griddle
2 a : to torment as if by broiling  b : to question intensely  *the police grilled the suspect*
n.
1 : a cooking utensil of parallel bars on which food is exposed to heat (as from charcoal or electricity)
2 : food that is broiled usually on a grill —  compare MIXED GRILL
3 : a usually informal restaurant or dining room
[分析]
题目与选项C既有程度又有褒贬的类比：选项左边是贬义，右边是中性。其他选项缺少这双重的对应。

16. ALCHEMY:SCIENCE:: 炼金术：科学 (假真关系)
(A) sideshow:carnival 余兴，穿插表演：欢宴，狂欢
(B) forgery:imitation 赝品：模仿
(C) burlesque:comedy 滑稽戏：喜剧
(D) ploy:tactic 花招，策略：战术，策略
(E) nostrum:remedy 秘方，万灵药：医药，疗法
[词义]
alchemy n.炼金术
1 : a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life
2 : a power or process of transforming something common into something special
3 : an inexplicable or mysterious transmuting
forgery n. 伪造 ( 物)
1 : archaic : INVENTION
2 : something forged
3 : an act of forging;  especially : the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or altering a document (as a check)
imitation n. 模仿; 仿造
1 : an act or instance of imitating
2 : something produced as a copy  : COUNTERFEIT
3 : a literary work designed to reproduce the style of another author
4 : the repetition by one voice of a melody, phrase, or motive stated earlier in the composition by a different voice
5 : the quality of an object in possessing some of the nature or attributes of a transcendent idea
6 : the assumption of behavior observed in other individuals
nostrum n. 秘方药; 万灵丹
1: a medicine of secret composition recommended by its preparer but usually without scientific proof of its effectiveness
2 : a usually questionable remedy or scheme  : PANACEA  *an audience eager to believe he had found the nostrum for all of society's ills — Warren Sloat*
[分析]
假真关系，左边是假，右边是真。此题有很多同学做错，主要原因在于对nostrum词义的理解。根据MW的解释，就会明白nostrum是without scientific proof of its effectiveness。

Section2

8. ANXIOUS:REASSURANCE:: 焦虑的：安心 (消除关系)
(A) resentful:gratitude 憎恨的：感激
(B) perplexed:clarification 迷惑的：澄清
(C) inured:imagination 习惯的：想像力
(D) vociferous:suppression 喧嚷的：抑制，含蓄(镇压)
(E) abstemious:indulgence 有节制的(节俭的)：沉溺放纵
[词义]
anxious adj.焦虑的
1 : characterized by extreme uneasiness of mind or brooding fear about some contingency  : WORRIED  *anxious parents*
2 : characterized by, resulting from, or causing anxiety  : WORRYING  *an anxious night*
3 : ardently or earnestly wishing  *anxious to learn more*
synonyms see EAGER
reassure v.使安心, 安慰
1 : to assure anew  *reassured him that the work was on schedule*
2 : to restore to confidence  *felt reassured by their earnest promise to do better*
3 : REINSURE
perplex v.使困惑
1 : to make unable to grasp something clearly or to think logically and decisively about something  *her attitude perplexes me*  *a perplexing problem*
2 : to make intricate or involved  : COMPLICATE
synonyms see PUZZLE
clarify v. 澄清
transitive verb
1 : to make (as a liquid) clear or pure usually by freeing from suspended matter
2 : to free of confusion  *needs time to clarify his thoughts*
3 : to make understandable  *clarify a subject*
intransitive verb : to become clear
vociferous adj.喧哗的, 大叫大嚷的
: marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry
synonyms VOCIFEROUS, CLAMOROUS, BLATANT, STRIDENT, BOISTEROUS, OBSTREPEROUS mean so loud or insistent as to compel attention. VOCIFEROUS implies a vehement shouting or calling out  *vociferous cries of protest and outrage*. CLAMOROUS may imply insistency as well as vociferousness in demanding or protesting  *clamorous demands for prison reforms*. BLATANT implies an offensive bellowing or insensitive loudness  *blatant rock music*  *a blatant clamor for impeachment*. STRIDENT suggests harsh and discordant noise  *heard the strident cry of the crow*. BOISTEROUS suggests a noisiness and turbulence due to high spirits  *a boisterous crowd of party goers*. OBSTREPEROUS suggests unruly and aggressive noisiness and resistance to restraint  *the obstreperous demonstrators were removed from the hall*.
suppress v. 镇压;忍住;查禁
1 : to put down by authority or force  : SUBDUE  *suppress a riot*
2 : to keep from public knowledge: as  a : to keep secret  b : to stop or prohibit the publication or revelation of  *suppress the test results*
3 a : to exclude from consciousness  b : to keep from giving vent to  : CHECK  *suppressed her anger*
4 obsolete : to press down
5 a : to restrain from a usual course or action  *suppress a cough*  b : to inhibit the growth or development of
6 : to inhibit the genetic expression of  *suppress a mutation*
abstemious adj. 有节制的, 节俭的
   : marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol;  also : reflecting such restraint  *an abstemious diet*
indulgence n. 放纵, 纵容
1 : remission of part or all of the temporal and especially purgatorial punishment that according to Roman Catholicism is due for sins whose eternal punishment has been remitted and whose guilt has been pardoned (as through the sacrament of reconciliation)
2 : the act of indulging  : the state of being indulgent
3 a : an indulgent act  b : an extension of time for payment or performance granted as a favor
4 a : the act of indulging in something;  especially : SELF-INDULGENCE  b : something indulged in  *walk off gastronomic indulgences — Barbara L. Michaels*
[分析]
几组词从表面上看都有相反的意思，但题目和B选项的搭配更为合理，都是后者消除前者。
1. anxious和perplexed都有由于个人因素而使原本的事情发生变化，而reassure和clarify都是消除这些额外非本质的因素，使事情原状化。
2. suppress是压制、禁止事情的公开或限制个人的主动性行为，vociferous词义本身不含有倾向意思。
3. indulgence原义是对人的原罪(即贪婪、嫉妒、淫欲等)惩罚的临时性宽恕，可以说这个词是带有贬义性的，是对某些不好的欲望进行纵容，而reassurance和clarification都不是贬义。从MW的1和3释义来看，indulgence在时间上是暂时的。另外，indulgence的动作目的与abstemious不构成直接关系。

9. STANZA:POEM:: 诗的一节：诗(部分与整体，组成关系)
(A) pirouette:ballet 单脚旋转：芭蕾
(B) rhyme:verse 韵律：诗歌
(C) duet:chorus 二重奏：合唱
(D) act:opera 剧的一幕：歌剧
(E) mimicry:pantomime 模仿：哑剧
[分析]:
此题主要在于理解act的熟词偏义。与此题相类似的还有STANZA: POEM = movement: symphony。

10. COIN:DENOMINATION:: 硬币：度量衡单位(面值) (后者是前者的等级单位)
(A) book:title 书：题目(头衔)
(B) officer:rank 官员：等级
(C) house:architecture 房子：建筑
(D) doctor:profession 医生：职业
(E) tree:wood 树：木头
[词义]
denomination n. 命名; ( 长度, 币值的) 单位
1 : an act of denominating
2 : a value or size of a series of values or sizes (as of money)
3 : NAME, DESIGNATION;  especially : a general name for a category
4 : a religious organization whose congregations are united in their adherence to its beliefs and practices
[分析]
denomination在此题属于熟词偏义。如果认得denomination直接选择对比的rank；如果不认得，C、D都是种属关系，可以排除。E，wood是用tree加工来的，coin已经是成品不需要加工。A，title是book的头衔，而coin不存在名称问题，这样又可以认为B更加合适了。

11. EMBELLISH:AUSTERE:: 装饰：朴素 (减轻或消除关系)
(A) condense:illusive 压缩：幻觉
(B) alter:remarkable 改变：非凡的
(C) train:clumsy 训练：愚笨的
(D) adulterate:pure 掺假：纯的
(E) refine:unique 提炼(精致)：独特的
[分析]
embellish和adulterate都是通过加入材料消除后者或减低后者的程度。选项C，训练，是达到一个预期的目的，不一定能够消除愚笨，而train是通过提高技能来达到一个目标。

12. PORTFOLIO:SECURITIES:: 股票证券的总称：有价证券，股票 (总称或组成关系)
(A) assessment:taxes 评估：税收
(B) computer:porgrams 计算机：程序
(C) insurance:risks 保险：风险
(D) resume:careers 个人简历：职业
(E) dossier:reports 全套档案：报告
[分析]
组成关系，同时选项的左边都是一个集合的概念。

13. EXHORT:SUGGEST 力劝：建议 (程度类比)
(A) crave:accept 渴望：接受
(B) goad:direct 激励：指导
(C) instruct:teach 指示：教
(D) tamper:adjust 篡改：调整
(E) conspire:plan 密谋：计划
[词义]
exhort v.力劝, 勉励
transitive verb : to incite by argument or advice  : urge strongly  *exhorting voters to do the right thing*
intransitive verb : to give warnings or advice  : make urgent appeals
goad n. 赶牛棒; v. / n. 刺激, 激励
n.
1 a : something that pains as if by pricking  : THORN  b : something that urges or stimulates into action  : SPUR
2 : a pointed rod used to urge on an animal
synonyms see MOTIVE
v.
1 : to incite or rouse as if with a goad
2 : to drive (as cattle) with a goad
tamper v.损害, 窜改
1 : to drive in or down by a succession of light or medium blows  *tamp wet concrete*
2 : to put a check on  : REDUCE, LESSEN  *tamp down rumors*
[分析]
前者程度比后者强烈，有强制驱使的含义。B、D、E 都是属于动词的种属关系，但是只有B是程度上的种属。

14. CLAY：PORCELAIN:: 粘土：瓷器 (前者是制作后者的原料)
(A) glass:china 玻璃：瓷器
(B) fire:ash 火：灰
(C) slag:iron 铁渣：铁
(D) flax:linen 亚麻：亚麻布
(E) sand:sediment 沙子：沉淀物
[分析]
原料跟成分，比较简单。

15. SERMON:HOMILETICS:: 布道：布道术 (动作及其研究学科)
(A) argument:logic 辩论：逻辑学
(B) baseball:athletics 棒球：运动学
(C) word:language 词语：语言
(D) student:pedagogy 学生：教学法
(E) album:philately 集邮册(相册，唱片)：集邮
[词义]
sermon n.布道, 说教
1 : a religious discourse delivered in public usually by a clergyman as a part of a worship service
2 : a speech on conduct or duty
logic n.逻辑, 逻辑学
a (1) : a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration  : the science of the formal principles of reasoning  (2) : a branch or variety of logic  *modal logic*  *Boolean logic*  (3) : a branch of semiotic;  especially : SYNTACTICS  (4) : the formal principles of a branch of knowledge  b (1) : a particular mode of reasoning viewed as valid or faulty  (2) : RELEVANCE, PROPRIETY  c : interrelation or sequence of facts or events when seen as inevitable or predictable  d : the arrangement of circuit elements (as in a computer) needed for computation;  also : the circuits themselves
2 : something that forces a decision apart from or in opposition to reason  *the logic of war*
[分析]
学科与其研究内容。布道术是学习布道的规律等，逻辑学是学习如何辩论。这里同样存在一个二次对应：布道与辩论同属于语言范围。

16. MATRIX:NUMBERS 矩阵：数字 (组成关系)
(A) gas:molecules 气体：分子
(B) volume:liquid 体积(音量)：液体
(C) crystal:atoms 晶体：原子
(D) interaction:reagents 相互作用：反应物
(E) stratum:layer 层：层
[分析]
组成关系，同时要满足规则排列。这里干扰选项气体中分子是不规则排列的。

[ 本帖最后由 sharkangle 于 2006-9-20 12:20 编辑 ]