issue17 just vs unjust law【自由女神小组第2次作业】

hedou992UID: 2199425

issue17：There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
(558words,断断续续花了两天时间，作文水平太差，有待进一步提高啊)
提纲：
brain storm什么是法律？什么是公正的法律？法律公正不公正的标准是什么？为什么要遵守法律？不遵守或者违抗法律的后果是什么？不公正法律是怎样产生的，怎样杜绝不公正的法律产生？怎样对待不公正的法律？通过什么途径来改变不公正的法律使其变的公正？

不同意论者的观点。不管法律是否公正，首先要维护法律的尊严。然后对于不适应社会发展的、不公正的法律再通过合法的手段去修正它。
1.法律是什么？起什么作用？为什么要遵守法律。
2.法律公正与否的标准是什么？如果大家觉得不公正而去违抗它，会有什么后果？
3.对于真正可能不公正的法律应该采取什么措施来修正它。不公正法律的根源。
结论：遵守法律的前提下，以合法的方式修正法律，改进法律，使其适应社会的发展。

I concede that there are some unjust laws or unjust items in some laws inevitably as well as just laws in our modern society. But I insist that we should obey them all first in order to make respect to the law and then amend them through a legal way when it is an unjust one.

We should obey laws because of its conception and function. Law, which be produced by court or legislation, expresses the most people’s intention and protects majorities profits, would be respected by all people or some times through a force way. As far as we know, law is an effective instrument to assure the societies’ stability and normal working. It is law that constrains people’s action to insure that they will not do any harm to other people or to a nation. A law would be a law when it is obeyed by all people or it would punish the one who breaks it. If a person can disobey or resist a law freely, this law has no meaning any more and even worse the nation would be become a chaos situation.

If we can freely disobey or resist a so-called unjust law, it is no doubt that there would be no just law any more. As mentioned above, law expresses the most people’s intention not all, so it can not cater everyone in the society. As a result, when the majorities were protected, there may be some people’s profits were hurt. They will consider the law as an unjust one even it is a real just one. For example, pirating other people’s work without authorization is considered illegal. The pirate, however, may think the law is unjust. He may think he is contributing to the civilization through his way. If he goes his way to disobey or resist the law, not only the author’s profits are damaged, the readers would be also misled by the awful copies with large number of mistakes made by the pirate. If they are encouraged to disobey or resist the law, all of the law would be destroyed sooner or later, because that whatever a law was just, there are people think it is unjust inevitably.

We should treat or improve an unjust law in a legal way in our modern society. There are many reasons that would produce an unjust law. For example, laws were always constrained by the society’s condition. The plural marriage was legal in ancient China. That is a case in point and it because of its feudality. In that condition, disobeying or resisting law was nothing to do with improving the law. Instead, you may make yourself being put into prison or killed. In a modern society, however, people have more right to express the difference idea about a law which he thinks unjust. All he should do is that to find out the evidence and report to the legislation so as to they can amend it through a formal progress.

In conclusion, there may have some unjust laws or items as well as the just ones. We should obey the law no matter which one it is, and in order to improve the unjust ones, we should emphasize on them and do our best to find out their damage to the society, then we can eliminate it through a legal way.

[ 本帖最后由 hedou992 于 2007-1-6 14:36 编辑 ]

hedou992UID: 2199425

找到一篇赞同作者观点的资料：

引自：迟国维的BLOG  http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/48c1769b010003of
允许违抗的法律才是公正的法律（迟国维）
   6月8日《人民日报》消息，广州近日从2000多名城管执法人员中抽调300人，成立整治“六乱”专业执法队，这支队伍将专项整治夜间占道经营、扰民等行为。城管“夜查队”执法队员配备全套防护装备：头顶防暴头盔，身穿防刺背心，手戴防火防油防割手套，脚蹬防水防狗咬长靴，还有防砍护腕、防暴盾牌、对讲机和强光手电筒等。
   　然而，“夜查队”“全副武装”就能管住流动摊档吗？此举在当地引起众议。
     改革开放初期，有人编了这样一句顺口溜：当官的想干啥干啥，有钱的想吃啥吃啥，老百姓想说啥说啥。虽是牢骚，却很传神，一句“想说啥说啥”，宣告千百年来“以言定罪”的时代结束了。现在不仅可以提反对意见，就是公开骂政府，政府也可以充而不闻。政府不再对胡说八道者大动干戈，是巨大进步，这种进步连西方媒体都反映不过来。今年愚人节，有两个著名的博客突然关闭，西方媒体想当然认为是政府所为，于是公开抨击中国政府干涉公民自由，但事后证明，这只是博客主开了个玩笑，让西方媒体很没面子。
     言者无罪，得到了全社会的认可；但应该清醒地认识到，这种承认也就停留在言论上，尚未扩展到行动上。用行动表示反对，尤其是对法律的反对，还有很大的忌讳，也是法律不允许的。依法惩罚违法者，不会引起人们的疑义，除非执法人员行为上过于残暴，对违法者造成身体上的杀害。如对现在口碑不好的城管，人们恨的是城管，而不是城市管理的规章制度。
      现在我们对法律的追求，还停留在令行禁止、违者必究的阶段，法律的严肃性、权威性是公认的最高目标。但是如果我们真要进入法治社会，仅仅追求法律的严肃性、权威性是不够的，法律最重要的是公正、宽容和人性化。现实中不可避免地存在两种法律，一种是公正的法律，一种是不公正的法律。一个人不仅有法律的而且是道德的责任去遵守公正的法律，相反对于不公正的法律有道德义务去不遵守。一部公正的法律是以道德和人性为法典，任何提升人类禀性的法律都是公正的法律，任何使人类禀性颓废的法律都是非公正的。应该说，那些歧视农民工、不容许他们与城里人享受同等待遇的法律，那些容许对小商小贩动用武力的法律，都是非公正的。
      一部不公正的法律是一部一个在数量和力量上的强势群体强迫一个弱势群体去遵守但自身却不受其约束的典章制度，如已经废弃的收审制度规定，农民进城必须办理暂住证，否则就可以收审；而城里人下乡却不用办理任何手续，反而是对农民的一种恩赐。
      为纠正不公正的法律，成熟的法治社会设计出“公民抗命权”的制度。1，公民对自认为不公正的法律有权违抗，如可以通过违反交通法规来引起社会的关注，但要认识到这是一种违法行为。2，它是一种公开的非暴力的的行为，这不仅因为它是一种表达深刻和认真的信念，是在试过其它手段都无效之后才采取的正式请愿；也是因为它是在忠诚法律的范围内对法律的不服从。3公民愿意为自己的违法行为承担后果。
     “公民抗命权”是一种特殊的“违法行为”，它是一种出自“善意”“良知”或者说强烈的“正义感”的行为，至少行为者主观上是如此认为，也得到相当多的人的承认。抗命不是要推翻整个法律，而是改革某个不公正的法律。
     允许“公民抗命权”的存在，是法治社会成熟的表现，可以说，允许违抗的法律才是公正的法律。抗命者组织的形成、抗命活动领袖人物的产生、抗命活动的理性和节制，全依赖于健全的法律。所以“公民抗命权”可以在法律意义上理解，基本概念还是依法治法。
       “公民抗命权”的本意也是要忠于宪法的，是给法律一种道德的基础，是用正义和良知来改革具体的法律，所以它是一种最可凉解的“违法”。

mh1988UID: 2189586

I concede that there are some unjust laws or unjust items in some laws inevitably as well as just laws in our modern society.(这个句子显得太突兀，前面什么表述也没有，一上来就 I concede。而且后面这个句子也是以I开头，显得句式很呆板。我的建议：In modern society,there are.....) But I insist that we should obey them all first in order to make respect to (有这么说的吗？)the law and then amend them through a legal way when it is an unjust one（前面是them，后面怎么成了it is了？）.（意思大体能看懂，社会存在公平与不公平的法律，我们应当遵守法律，并在这一前提下对法律进行进一步的完善。但表述过于直白，太生硬了。语言上还要下功夫）

We should obey laws because of its conception and function. Law, which be（is） produced（用词不准确） by court or legislation（两个名词用的有问题）, expresses the most people’s intention and protects majorities profits, would be respected by all people or some times through a force way.(两个句子怎么并列在一起？感觉为了写一个长句子而写一个长句子，把几个句子生凑在一起组成一个句子，表意很不清楚) As far as we know, law is an effective instrument to assure the societies’ stability and normal working. It is law that constrains people’s action to insure（ensure) that they will not do any harm to other people or to a nation. A law would be a law when it is obeyed by all people or it would punish the one who breaks it.(应该是违反它的人be punished但不能说成 it punish...) If a（any ）person can disobey or resist a law freely, this law has no meaning any more and even worse the nation would be become a chaos（名词） situation.（变成混乱的情况，这句话表意有问题）

这段用来表述法律的作用，以及为何我们应当遵守法律。最后一句的作用似乎是想来个承上启下，但却没有起到这个效果，反而和第二段的开头重复

If we can freely disobey or resist a so-called unjust law, it is no doubt that there would be no just law any more.（这句话表述很好，但与第一段的重复） As mentioned above(多余), law expresses the most people’s intention but not all, so it can not cater everyone in the society. As a result, when the majorities were protected, there may（这可以肯定一点must） be some people’s(whose) profits were hurt. They will consider the law as an unjust one（只要unjust） even it is a real just one. For example, pirating other people’s work without authorization is considered illegal. The pirate, however, may think the law is unjust. He may think he is contributing to the civilization through his way. If he goes his way to disobey or resist the law, not only the author’s profits are damaged, （but)the readers would be also misled by the awful copies with large number of mistakes made by the pirate. If they are encouraged to disobey or resist the law, all of the law would be destroyed sooner or later, because that whatever a law was just, there are people think it is unjust inevitably.（愿意想证明即使是unjust的法律我们也应当遵守。当举的盗版商的例子并没有能证实这个问题，我认为只能说明不遵守法律会带来危害。）

We should treat or improve an unjust law in a legal way in our modern society. There are many reasons that would produce an unjust law. For example, laws were always constrained by the society’s condition. The plural marriage was legal in ancient China. That is a case in point and it because of its feudality. In that condition, disobeying or resisting law was nothing to do with improving the law. Instead, you may make yourself being put into prison or killed.（这个例子举得不是很恰当。开头写的是in our modernsociety，那就应该写在当今社会对待不公平的法律应当采取那些措施。如果想表述不同时代，不同文化，不同地域对法律的影响，也应当在后面，而不是在这个位置） In a modern society, however, people have more right to express the difference idea about a law which he thinks unjust. All he should do is that to find out the evidence and report to the legislation so as to they can amend it through a formal progress.

In conclusion, there may have some unjust laws or items as well as the just ones. We should obey the law no matter which one it is, and in order to improve the unjust ones, we should emphasize on them and do our best to find out their damage to the society, then we can eliminate it through a legal way.

[ 本帖最后由 mh1988 于 2007-1-6 20:31 编辑 ]

hedou992UID: 2199425

楼上评的好仔细。原来我有那么多错误啊，自己却看不出来，谢谢！
要加油练习了！